Understanding abnormality in psychology requires examining multiple definitions and approaches that help identify unusual behaviors and mental states.
Statistical infrequency definition abnormality looks at how rare or uncommon a behavior or characteristic is within a population. This approach uses statistical measurements to determine what falls outside the normal range. For example, very high or low IQ scores would be considered statistically infrequent. While this method provides objective measurements, statistical infrequency examples show both positive and negative deviations - like exceptional talent or severe impairment. The strength of statistical infrequency lies in its scientific approach, though critics note it may not capture all forms of abnormality.
Deviation from social norms definition abnormality psychology focuses on behaviors that violate cultural expectations and rules. Deviation from social norms examples might include wearing inappropriate clothing, breaking social etiquette, or displaying extreme emotional reactions. This definition recognizes that abnormality is culturally relative - what's considered abnormal varies across societies and time periods. The deviation from social norms evaluation reveals both strengths in acknowledging cultural context and weaknesses in potentially reinforcing prejudices. Meanwhile, the deviation from ideal mental health definition uses specific criteria like reality testing, self-actualization, and autonomy to assess psychological wellbeing. The deviation from ideal mental health 6 criteria developed by Jahoda include positive attitudes toward the self, growth potential, environmental mastery, accurate perception of reality, autonomy, and ability to form relationships. While comprehensive, critics point out the deviation from ideal mental health limitations - namely that few people meet all criteria for ideal mental health, and standards may reflect cultural biases. These different approaches to defining abnormality - statistical, social, and ideal-based - each contribute valuable perspectives while having distinct advantages and drawbacks that psychologists must consider when assessing mental health.
