Alternative transcript:

singular egg Dizygotic - non identical twins that came from two separate eggs Twin studies aim to, find the concordance rate [whether both twins have the same mental illnesses 5 FS Neuroanatomy This looks at the structure of the brain and how it relates to our behaviour If a part of the brain is damaged it can cause illnesses Example: OCD linked to overactivity in certain parts of the brain Post mortems: [disecting the brain post-death] When looking at the brains of people with schizophrenia it was found that they had holes. Brain scan of someone with schizophrenia, red highlighting damaged areas. 6 FS Infection Certain infections have been linked to mental illnesses [e.g. syphilis was known to give people psychosis before antibiotics were available] Another example is when pregnant women catch the flu, their baby is more likely to develop schizophrenia later in life. 7 FS Drugs: Biological Treatments pt1 Antidepressants - increase serotonin supply to the brain Antipsychotics - reduce the amount of dopamine in the brain Anti Anxiety - G.A.B.A is increased [has a calming effect] Evaluation: + Quick, easy, and cheap + Effective Side effects Patients can build up a tolerance so that they stop working While it helps the symptoms it doesn't permanently solve the issue 8 FS Biological Treatments pt2 ECT [electroconvulsive therapy]: Placing electrodes on either side of the patient's forehead and running an electrical current through the brain. This alters the neurotransmitter levels. Evaluation: - Its unpleasant for the patient time consuming Surgery: This involves surgery on the frontal lobe of the brain to fix abnormalities 9 FS + + Evaluation of the Biological Approach Removes the blame from people suffering with mental illness It's reliable because it's highly scientific and has been repeated / proven correct many times + Decreases judgement for abnormal behaviours + Explains individual differences Deterministic, ignores that people have free will and not all behaviours are due to genetics Ignores the external factors for mental illness / abnormal behaviour [e.g. the environment they were raised in, trauma, surroundings, the media ect] environmental factors might account for a lot of mental illness - 10