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Token economy for schizophrenia management What is it? • aims to manage schizophrenia rather than to treat it ● a form of behavioural therapy where desirable behaviours are encouraged by the use of selective reinforcement • based on operant conditioning • when desired behaviour is displayed, tokens are given immediately as secondary reinforcers that can be exchanged for rewards o manages schizophrenia because it maintains desirable behaviour and no longer reinforces undesirable behaviour o focus is on positively reinforcing desired behaviours and not punishing undesirable behaviours o alleviates negative symptoms of schizophrenia o can reduce positive symptoms by not rewarding them but rewarding desirable behaviour instead Token economy for schizophrenia management 1 Examples of desirable behaviours • self care • taking medication • work skills • treatment participation communicating effectively Common behaviours that can be modified (Matson) o personal care o schizophrenia related behaviour o social behaviours ● ● o mainly used in long term hospitalised patients o aim: to improve quality of life and support people to engage in pro-social behaviours Evaluation Pros Paul and Lentz (1977) - token economy led to better overall patient functioning and less behavioural disturbance as well as being cost effective Upper and Newton (1971) - found that weight gain associated with taking antipsychotics was addressed with token economy schemes Token economy for schizophrenia management Cons McMonagle and Sultana (2000) - reviewed token economy regimes over a 15 year period and found that it was unclear if behavioural changes were maintained beyond...
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Alternative transcript:
the treatment programme Kazdin et al - found that changes in behaviour achieved through token economies do not remain when tokens are withdrawn which suggests that it addresses effects of schizophrenia rather than the causes 2 Pros McMonagle and Sultana (2000) - reviewed token economy regimes over a 15 year period and found that they reduced negative symptoms Glowacki et al - 7 high quality studies all showed reduction in negative symptoms and unwanted behaviours Token economy for schizophrenia management Cons process could be described as dehumanising as it subjects the patient to a regime which takes away their right to make choices discriminatory - Severely ill patients can't get privileges because they are less able to comply with desirable behaviours than moderately ill patients Corrigan (1991) - token economy only really works in a clinical setting 3
Token economy for schizophrenia
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Notes on token economy for schizophrenia management
Notes on token economy for schizophrenia management
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AQA Psychology A-level, Schizophrenia, Essay 8: Describe and evaluate how token economies are used in the management of schizophrenia.
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Token economy for schizophrenia management What is it? • aims to manage schizophrenia rather than to treat it ● a form of behavioural therapy where desirable behaviours are encouraged by the use of selective reinforcement • based on operant conditioning • when desired behaviour is displayed, tokens are given immediately as secondary reinforcers that can be exchanged for rewards o manages schizophrenia because it maintains desirable behaviour and no longer reinforces undesirable behaviour o focus is on positively reinforcing desired behaviours and not punishing undesirable behaviours o alleviates negative symptoms of schizophrenia o can reduce positive symptoms by not rewarding them but rewarding desirable behaviour instead Token economy for schizophrenia management 1 Examples of desirable behaviours • self care • taking medication • work skills • treatment participation communicating effectively Common behaviours that can be modified (Matson) o personal care o schizophrenia related behaviour o social behaviours ● ● o mainly used in long term hospitalised patients o aim: to improve quality of life and support people to engage in pro-social behaviours Evaluation Pros Paul and Lentz (1977) - token economy led to better overall patient functioning and less behavioural disturbance as well as being cost effective Upper and Newton (1971) - found that weight gain associated with taking antipsychotics was addressed with token economy schemes Token economy for schizophrenia management Cons McMonagle and Sultana (2000) - reviewed token economy regimes over a 15 year period and found that it was unclear if behavioural changes were maintained beyond...
Token economy for schizophrenia management What is it? • aims to manage schizophrenia rather than to treat it ● a form of behavioural therapy where desirable behaviours are encouraged by the use of selective reinforcement • based on operant conditioning • when desired behaviour is displayed, tokens are given immediately as secondary reinforcers that can be exchanged for rewards o manages schizophrenia because it maintains desirable behaviour and no longer reinforces undesirable behaviour o focus is on positively reinforcing desired behaviours and not punishing undesirable behaviours o alleviates negative symptoms of schizophrenia o can reduce positive symptoms by not rewarding them but rewarding desirable behaviour instead Token economy for schizophrenia management 1 Examples of desirable behaviours • self care • taking medication • work skills • treatment participation communicating effectively Common behaviours that can be modified (Matson) o personal care o schizophrenia related behaviour o social behaviours ● ● o mainly used in long term hospitalised patients o aim: to improve quality of life and support people to engage in pro-social behaviours Evaluation Pros Paul and Lentz (1977) - token economy led to better overall patient functioning and less behavioural disturbance as well as being cost effective Upper and Newton (1971) - found that weight gain associated with taking antipsychotics was addressed with token economy schemes Token economy for schizophrenia management Cons McMonagle and Sultana (2000) - reviewed token economy regimes over a 15 year period and found that it was unclear if behavioural changes were maintained beyond...
Can't find what you're looking for? Explore other subjects.
Knowunity is the # 1 ranked education app in five European countries
Knowunity was a featured story by Apple and has consistently topped the app store charts within the education category in Germany, Italy, Poland, Switzerland and United Kingdom. Join Knowunity today and help millions of students around the world.
Still not sure? Look at what your fellow peers are saying...
iOS User
I love this app so much [...] I recommend Knowunity to everyone!!! I went from a C to an A with it :D
Stefan S, iOS User
The application is very simple and well designed. So far I have found what I was looking for :D
SuSSan, iOS User
Love this App ❤️, I use it basically all the time whenever I'm studying
Alternative transcript:
the treatment programme Kazdin et al - found that changes in behaviour achieved through token economies do not remain when tokens are withdrawn which suggests that it addresses effects of schizophrenia rather than the causes 2 Pros McMonagle and Sultana (2000) - reviewed token economy regimes over a 15 year period and found that they reduced negative symptoms Glowacki et al - 7 high quality studies all showed reduction in negative symptoms and unwanted behaviours Token economy for schizophrenia management Cons process could be described as dehumanising as it subjects the patient to a regime which takes away their right to make choices discriminatory - Severely ill patients can't get privileges because they are less able to comply with desirable behaviours than moderately ill patients Corrigan (1991) - token economy only really works in a clinical setting 3