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Updated May 2, 2026
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Lexikológia a slovotvorba: Základné spôsoby obohacovania slovenského jazyka
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Čo je lexikológia a prečo ťa má zaujímať
Lexikológia znie možno strašidelne, ale v skutočnosti ti pomáha pochopiť, ako funguje náš jazyk každý deň. Je to časť jazykovedy, ktorá sa zaoberá slovnou zásobou – všetkými slovami, ktoré používame.
Tvoja slovná zásoba má dva levely. Aktívna obsahuje slová, ktoré bežne používaš v reči a písaní – tie ti napadnú okamžite. Pasívna sú slová, ktorým rozumieš, keď ich počuješ, ale sám ich často nepoužívaš.
Obohacovanie slovnej zásoby znamená, že do jazyka pribúdajú nové slová alebo sa mení význam starých. Toto je živý proces – slovenčina sa vyvíja každý deň! Keď pochopíš, jak to funguje, ľahšie sa ti bude učiť a bohatšie sa budeš vedieť vyjadrovať.
💡 Tip: Všimni si, koľko nových slov si sa naučil len za posledný rok – od nových technológií až po slang na sociálnych sieťach!
Štyri hlavné spôsoby, ako vznikajú nové slová
Slovotvorba je najčastejší spôsob obohacovania. Má tri typy: odvodzovanie , skladanie (spájaš celé slová) a skracovanie (vytváraš skratky). Napríklad: učiť → učiteľ, voda + pád → vodopád, Slovenská republika → SR.
Preberanie cudzích slov je úplně prirodzené. Keď sa objaví nová technológia alebo trend, často prevezmeme aj názov. Internet, futbal, pizza, manažér – všetky tieto slová sme si "požičali" z iných jazykov.
Zmena významu sa deje postupne. Slovo myš kedysi označovalo len zviera, dnes aj počítačovú myš. Koruna bola len kráľovská, teraz je aj naša mena.
💡 Zaujímavosť: Najviac nových slov preberáme z angličtiny, ale vo vedeckých termínoch dominuje latinčina a gréčtina!
Frazeologizmy – keď slová dostanú nový význam spolu
Frazeologizmy sú ako malé príbehy v jednej vete. Sú to ustálené slovné spojenia s preneseným významom, ktorý sa nedá pochopiť z jednotlivých slov. "Mať maslo na hlave" neznamená, že máš na hlave naozaj maslo!
Tieto výrazy sú ustálené – nemôžeš v nich meniť slová. Nemôžeš povedať "mať maslo na čele" namiesto "na hlave", lebo by to stratilo zmysel. Frazeologizmy robia tvoju reč farebnejšou a výstižnejšou.
Príklady, ktoré určite poznáš: "hádzať hrach na stenu" (zbytočne niekomu radiť), "byť v siedmom nebi" (byť veľmi šťastný), "mať za ušami" (byť chytrý).
Slovotvorba funguje podľa jasných pravidiel. Pri odvodzovaní meníš slovo predponami alebo príponami, pri skladaní spájaš dve celé slová, často so spojovacou samohláskou.
💡 Pozor: Nezamieňaj si odvodzovanie a skladanie – to je častá chyba v testoch!
Praktické príklady a precvičovanie
Pozrime si odvodzovanie na slove "kniha". Pridáš príponu -ár a máš knihár, pridáš -ovňa a vznikne knižnica, s príponou -ný dostaneš knižný. Každá predpona či prípona mení význam slova.
Skladanie je jednoduchšie. Vezmeš voda + pád, urobíš vod-o-pád → vodopád. Spojovacia samohláska pomáha slovám lepšie znieť. Nie vždy ju potrebuješ – auto + cesta → autocesta funguje bez nej.
Skracovanie vidíš všade okolo seba. SR, km, TV, PC – všetky vznikli zo skracovania dlhších výrazov. Niekedy vzniknú aj nové slová ako "slovnaft" z "Slovenské naftové závody".
Frazeologizmy si precvič takto: predstav si obraz, premysli si súvislosť a odhaľ skrytý význam. "Hádzať hrach na stenu" – hrach sa odrazí, nič sa nestane, je to zbytočné.
💡 Tip na učenie: Čítaj knihy! Je to najlepší spôsob, ako si prirodzene obohatiť slovnú zásobu.
Čo si zapamätať na test
Na skúške musíš vedieť štyri hlavné spôsoby obohacovania slovnej zásoby: slovotvorba, preberanie cudzích slov, zmena významu a frazeologizmy. Slovotvorba má tri typy – odvodzovanie, skladanie a skracovanie.
Rozlišuj medzi odvodzovaním a skladaním – to je najčastejšia chyba. Odvodzovanie používa predpony a prípony, skladanie spája celé slová. Frazeologizmy sú ustálené a majú prenesený význam.
Pamätaj si rozdiel medzi aktívnou a pasívnou slovnou zásobou. Snaž sa aktívnu rozširovať – používaj nové slová, ktoré sa naučíš. Cudzie slová sú normálne, len si dávaj pozor na správny pravopis.
Frazeologizmy nesmieš meniť – sú ustálené! Ak v nich vymeníš slovo, stratia zmysel alebo budú znieť divne. Ich význam je vždy prenesený, nie doslovný.
💡 Záverečná rada: Všímaj si nové slová okolo seba – v médiách, na internete, v rozhovorech. Slovenčina žije a neustále sa mení!
We thought you’d never ask...
What is the Knowunity AI companion?
Our AI companion is specifically built for the needs of students. Based on the millions of content pieces we have on the platform we can provide truly meaningful and relevant answers to students. But its not only about answers, the companion is even more about guiding students through their daily learning challenges, with personalised study plans, quizzes or content pieces in the chat and 100% personalisation based on the students skills and developments.
Where can I download the Knowunity app?
You can download the app in the Google Play Store and in the Apple App Store.
Is Knowunity really free of charge?
That's right! Enjoy free access to study content, connect with fellow students, and get instant help – all at your fingertips.
Most popular content in Slovenský jazyk
Most popular content
Can't find what you're looking for? Explore other subjects.
Students love us — and so will you.
4.6/5
App Store
4.7/5
Google Play
The app is very easy to use and well designed. I have found everything I was looking for so far and have been able to learn a lot from the presentations! I will definitely use the app for a class assignment! And of course it also helps a lot as an inspiration.
Stefan S
iOS user
This app is really great. There are so many study notes and help [...]. My problem subject is French, for example, and the app has so many options for help. Thanks to this app, I have improved my French. I would recommend it to anyone.
Samantha Klich
Android user
Wow, I am really amazed. I just tried the app because I've seen it advertised many times and was absolutely stunned. This app is THE HELP you want for school and above all, it offers so many things, such as workouts and fact sheets, which have been VERY helpful to me personally.
Anna
iOS user
I think it’s very much worth it and you’ll end up using it a lot once you get the hang of it and even after looking at others notes you can still ask your Artificial intelligence buddy the question and ask to simplify it if you still don’t get it!!! In the end I think it’s worth it 😊👍 ⚠️Also DID I MENTION ITS FREEE YOU DON’T HAVE TO PAY FOR ANYTHING AND STILL GET YOUR GRADES IN PERFECTLY❗️❗️⚠️
Thomas R
iOS user
Knowunity is the BEST app I’ve used in a minute. This is not an ai review or anything this is genuinely coming from a 7th grade student (I know 2011 im young) but dude this app is a 10/10 i have maintained a 3.8 gpa and have plenty of time for gaming. I love it and my mom is just happy I got good grades
Brad T
Android user
Not only did it help me find the answer but it also showed me alternative ways to solve it. I was horrible in math and science but now I have an a in both subjects. Thanks for the help🤍🤍
David K
iOS user
The app's just great! All I have to do is enter the topic in the search bar and I get the response real fast. I don't have to watch 10 YouTube videos to understand something, so I'm saving my time. Highly recommended!
Sudenaz Ocak
Android user
In school I was really bad at maths but thanks to the app, I am doing better now. I am so grateful that you made the app.
Greenlight Bonnie
Android user
I found this app a couple years ago and it has only gotten better since then. I really love it because it can help with written questions and photo questions. Also, it can find study guides that other people have made as well as flashcard sets and practice tests. The free version is also amazing for students who might not be able to afford it. Would 100% recommend
Aubrey
iOS user
Best app if you're in Highschool or Junior high. I have been using this app for 2 school years and it's the best, it's good if you don't have anyone to help you with school work.😋🩷🎀
Marco B
iOS user
THE QUIZES AND FLASHCARDS ARE SO USEFUL AND I LOVE Knowunity AI. IT ALSO IS LITREALLY LIKE CHATGPT BUT SMARTER!! HELPED ME WITH MY MASCARA PROBLEMS TOO!! AS WELL AS MY REAL SUBJECTS ! DUHHH 😍😁😲🤑💗✨🎀😮
Elisha
iOS user
This app is phenomenal down to the correct info and the various topics you can study! I greatly recommend it for people who struggle with procrastination and those who need homework help. It has been perfectly accurate for world 1 history as far as I’ve seen! Geometry too!
Paul T
iOS user
The app is very easy to use and well designed. I have found everything I was looking for so far and have been able to learn a lot from the presentations! I will definitely use the app for a class assignment! And of course it also helps a lot as an inspiration.
Stefan S
iOS user
This app is really great. There are so many study notes and help [...]. My problem subject is French, for example, and the app has so many options for help. Thanks to this app, I have improved my French. I would recommend it to anyone.
Samantha Klich
Android user
Wow, I am really amazed. I just tried the app because I've seen it advertised many times and was absolutely stunned. This app is THE HELP you want for school and above all, it offers so many things, such as workouts and fact sheets, which have been VERY helpful to me personally.
Anna
iOS user
I think it’s very much worth it and you’ll end up using it a lot once you get the hang of it and even after looking at others notes you can still ask your Artificial intelligence buddy the question and ask to simplify it if you still don’t get it!!! In the end I think it’s worth it 😊👍 ⚠️Also DID I MENTION ITS FREEE YOU DON’T HAVE TO PAY FOR ANYTHING AND STILL GET YOUR GRADES IN PERFECTLY❗️❗️⚠️
Thomas R
iOS user
Knowunity is the BEST app I’ve used in a minute. This is not an ai review or anything this is genuinely coming from a 7th grade student (I know 2011 im young) but dude this app is a 10/10 i have maintained a 3.8 gpa and have plenty of time for gaming. I love it and my mom is just happy I got good grades
Brad T
Android user
Not only did it help me find the answer but it also showed me alternative ways to solve it. I was horrible in math and science but now I have an a in both subjects. Thanks for the help🤍🤍
David K
iOS user
The app's just great! All I have to do is enter the topic in the search bar and I get the response real fast. I don't have to watch 10 YouTube videos to understand something, so I'm saving my time. Highly recommended!
Sudenaz Ocak
Android user
In school I was really bad at maths but thanks to the app, I am doing better now. I am so grateful that you made the app.
Greenlight Bonnie
Android user
I found this app a couple years ago and it has only gotten better since then. I really love it because it can help with written questions and photo questions. Also, it can find study guides that other people have made as well as flashcard sets and practice tests. The free version is also amazing for students who might not be able to afford it. Would 100% recommend
Aubrey
iOS user
Best app if you're in Highschool or Junior high. I have been using this app for 2 school years and it's the best, it's good if you don't have anyone to help you with school work.😋🩷🎀
Marco B
iOS user
THE QUIZES AND FLASHCARDS ARE SO USEFUL AND I LOVE Knowunity AI. IT ALSO IS LITREALLY LIKE CHATGPT BUT SMARTER!! HELPED ME WITH MY MASCARA PROBLEMS TOO!! AS WELL AS MY REAL SUBJECTS ! DUHHH 😍😁😲🤑💗✨🎀😮
Elisha
iOS user
This app is phenomenal down to the correct info and the various topics you can study! I greatly recommend it for people who struggle with procrastination and those who need homework help. It has been perfectly accurate for world 1 history as far as I’ve seen! Geometry too!
Paul T
iOS user
Lexikológia a slovotvorba: Základné spôsoby obohacovania slovenského jazyka
Slovná zásoba slovenčiny sa neustále mení a rastie – každý deň vznikajú nové slová a výrazy. Lexikológia ti ukáže, ako tento proces funguje a prečo je dôležitý pre tvoje štúdium i bežnú komunikáciu.
Čo je lexikológia a prečo ťa má zaujímať
Lexikológia znie možno strašidelne, ale v skutočnosti ti pomáha pochopiť, ako funguje náš jazyk každý deň. Je to časť jazykovedy, ktorá sa zaoberá slovnou zásobou – všetkými slovami, ktoré používame.
Tvoja slovná zásoba má dva levely. Aktívna obsahuje slová, ktoré bežne používaš v reči a písaní – tie ti napadnú okamžite. Pasívna sú slová, ktorým rozumieš, keď ich počuješ, ale sám ich často nepoužívaš.
Obohacovanie slovnej zásoby znamená, že do jazyka pribúdajú nové slová alebo sa mení význam starých. Toto je živý proces – slovenčina sa vyvíja každý deň! Keď pochopíš, jak to funguje, ľahšie sa ti bude učiť a bohatšie sa budeš vedieť vyjadrovať.
💡 Tip: Všimni si, koľko nových slov si sa naučil len za posledný rok – od nových technológií až po slang na sociálnych sieťach!
Sign up to see the contentIt's free!
Access to all documents
Improve your grades
Join milions of students
Štyri hlavné spôsoby, ako vznikajú nové slová
Slovotvorba je najčastejší spôsob obohacovania. Má tri typy: odvodzovanie , skladanie (spájaš celé slová) a skracovanie (vytváraš skratky). Napríklad: učiť → učiteľ, voda + pád → vodopád, Slovenská republika → SR.
Preberanie cudzích slov je úplně prirodzené. Keď sa objaví nová technológia alebo trend, často prevezmeme aj názov. Internet, futbal, pizza, manažér – všetky tieto slová sme si "požičali" z iných jazykov.
Zmena významu sa deje postupne. Slovo myš kedysi označovalo len zviera, dnes aj počítačovú myš. Koruna bola len kráľovská, teraz je aj naša mena.
💡 Zaujímavosť: Najviac nových slov preberáme z angličtiny, ale vo vedeckých termínoch dominuje latinčina a gréčtina!
Sign up to see the contentIt's free!
Access to all documents
Improve your grades
Join milions of students
Frazeologizmy – keď slová dostanú nový význam spolu
Frazeologizmy sú ako malé príbehy v jednej vete. Sú to ustálené slovné spojenia s preneseným významom, ktorý sa nedá pochopiť z jednotlivých slov. "Mať maslo na hlave" neznamená, že máš na hlave naozaj maslo!
Tieto výrazy sú ustálené – nemôžeš v nich meniť slová. Nemôžeš povedať "mať maslo na čele" namiesto "na hlave", lebo by to stratilo zmysel. Frazeologizmy robia tvoju reč farebnejšou a výstižnejšou.
Príklady, ktoré určite poznáš: "hádzať hrach na stenu" (zbytočne niekomu radiť), "byť v siedmom nebi" (byť veľmi šťastný), "mať za ušami" (byť chytrý).
Slovotvorba funguje podľa jasných pravidiel. Pri odvodzovaní meníš slovo predponami alebo príponami, pri skladaní spájaš dve celé slová, často so spojovacou samohláskou.
💡 Pozor: Nezamieňaj si odvodzovanie a skladanie – to je častá chyba v testoch!
Sign up to see the contentIt's free!
Access to all documents
Improve your grades
Join milions of students
Praktické príklady a precvičovanie
Pozrime si odvodzovanie na slove "kniha". Pridáš príponu -ár a máš knihár, pridáš -ovňa a vznikne knižnica, s príponou -ný dostaneš knižný. Každá predpona či prípona mení význam slova.
Skladanie je jednoduchšie. Vezmeš voda + pád, urobíš vod-o-pád → vodopád. Spojovacia samohláska pomáha slovám lepšie znieť. Nie vždy ju potrebuješ – auto + cesta → autocesta funguje bez nej.
Skracovanie vidíš všade okolo seba. SR, km, TV, PC – všetky vznikli zo skracovania dlhších výrazov. Niekedy vzniknú aj nové slová ako "slovnaft" z "Slovenské naftové závody".
Frazeologizmy si precvič takto: predstav si obraz, premysli si súvislosť a odhaľ skrytý význam. "Hádzať hrach na stenu" – hrach sa odrazí, nič sa nestane, je to zbytočné.
💡 Tip na učenie: Čítaj knihy! Je to najlepší spôsob, ako si prirodzene obohatiť slovnú zásobu.
Sign up to see the contentIt's free!
Access to all documents
Improve your grades
Join milions of students
Čo si zapamätať na test
Na skúške musíš vedieť štyri hlavné spôsoby obohacovania slovnej zásoby: slovotvorba, preberanie cudzích slov, zmena významu a frazeologizmy. Slovotvorba má tri typy – odvodzovanie, skladanie a skracovanie.
Rozlišuj medzi odvodzovaním a skladaním – to je najčastejšia chyba. Odvodzovanie používa predpony a prípony, skladanie spája celé slová. Frazeologizmy sú ustálené a majú prenesený význam.
Pamätaj si rozdiel medzi aktívnou a pasívnou slovnou zásobou. Snaž sa aktívnu rozširovať – používaj nové slová, ktoré sa naučíš. Cudzie slová sú normálne, len si dávaj pozor na správny pravopis.
Frazeologizmy nesmieš meniť – sú ustálené! Ak v nich vymeníš slovo, stratia zmysel alebo budú znieť divne. Ich význam je vždy prenesený, nie doslovný.
💡 Záverečná rada: Všímaj si nové slová okolo seba – v médiách, na internete, v rozhovorech. Slovenčina žije a neustále sa mení!
We thought you’d never ask...
What is the Knowunity AI companion?
Our AI companion is specifically built for the needs of students. Based on the millions of content pieces we have on the platform we can provide truly meaningful and relevant answers to students. But its not only about answers, the companion is even more about guiding students through their daily learning challenges, with personalised study plans, quizzes or content pieces in the chat and 100% personalisation based on the students skills and developments.
Where can I download the Knowunity app?
You can download the app in the Google Play Store and in the Apple App Store.
Is Knowunity really free of charge?
That's right! Enjoy free access to study content, connect with fellow students, and get instant help – all at your fingertips.
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Most popular content in Slovenský jazyk
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Can't find what you're looking for? Explore other subjects.
Students love us — and so will you.
4.6/5
App Store
4.7/5
Google Play
The app is very easy to use and well designed. I have found everything I was looking for so far and have been able to learn a lot from the presentations! I will definitely use the app for a class assignment! And of course it also helps a lot as an inspiration.
Stefan S
iOS user
This app is really great. There are so many study notes and help [...]. My problem subject is French, for example, and the app has so many options for help. Thanks to this app, I have improved my French. I would recommend it to anyone.
Samantha Klich
Android user
Wow, I am really amazed. I just tried the app because I've seen it advertised many times and was absolutely stunned. This app is THE HELP you want for school and above all, it offers so many things, such as workouts and fact sheets, which have been VERY helpful to me personally.
Anna
iOS user
I think it’s very much worth it and you’ll end up using it a lot once you get the hang of it and even after looking at others notes you can still ask your Artificial intelligence buddy the question and ask to simplify it if you still don’t get it!!! In the end I think it’s worth it 😊👍 ⚠️Also DID I MENTION ITS FREEE YOU DON’T HAVE TO PAY FOR ANYTHING AND STILL GET YOUR GRADES IN PERFECTLY❗️❗️⚠️
Thomas R
iOS user
Knowunity is the BEST app I’ve used in a minute. This is not an ai review or anything this is genuinely coming from a 7th grade student (I know 2011 im young) but dude this app is a 10/10 i have maintained a 3.8 gpa and have plenty of time for gaming. I love it and my mom is just happy I got good grades
Brad T
Android user
Not only did it help me find the answer but it also showed me alternative ways to solve it. I was horrible in math and science but now I have an a in both subjects. Thanks for the help🤍🤍
David K
iOS user
The app's just great! All I have to do is enter the topic in the search bar and I get the response real fast. I don't have to watch 10 YouTube videos to understand something, so I'm saving my time. Highly recommended!
Sudenaz Ocak
Android user
In school I was really bad at maths but thanks to the app, I am doing better now. I am so grateful that you made the app.
Greenlight Bonnie
Android user
I found this app a couple years ago and it has only gotten better since then. I really love it because it can help with written questions and photo questions. Also, it can find study guides that other people have made as well as flashcard sets and practice tests. The free version is also amazing for students who might not be able to afford it. Would 100% recommend
Aubrey
iOS user
Best app if you're in Highschool or Junior high. I have been using this app for 2 school years and it's the best, it's good if you don't have anyone to help you with school work.😋🩷🎀
Marco B
iOS user
THE QUIZES AND FLASHCARDS ARE SO USEFUL AND I LOVE Knowunity AI. IT ALSO IS LITREALLY LIKE CHATGPT BUT SMARTER!! HELPED ME WITH MY MASCARA PROBLEMS TOO!! AS WELL AS MY REAL SUBJECTS ! DUHHH 😍😁😲🤑💗✨🎀😮
Elisha
iOS user
This app is phenomenal down to the correct info and the various topics you can study! I greatly recommend it for people who struggle with procrastination and those who need homework help. It has been perfectly accurate for world 1 history as far as I’ve seen! Geometry too!
Paul T
iOS user
The app is very easy to use and well designed. I have found everything I was looking for so far and have been able to learn a lot from the presentations! I will definitely use the app for a class assignment! And of course it also helps a lot as an inspiration.
Stefan S
iOS user
This app is really great. There are so many study notes and help [...]. My problem subject is French, for example, and the app has so many options for help. Thanks to this app, I have improved my French. I would recommend it to anyone.
Samantha Klich
Android user
Wow, I am really amazed. I just tried the app because I've seen it advertised many times and was absolutely stunned. This app is THE HELP you want for school and above all, it offers so many things, such as workouts and fact sheets, which have been VERY helpful to me personally.
Anna
iOS user
I think it’s very much worth it and you’ll end up using it a lot once you get the hang of it and even after looking at others notes you can still ask your Artificial intelligence buddy the question and ask to simplify it if you still don’t get it!!! In the end I think it’s worth it 😊👍 ⚠️Also DID I MENTION ITS FREEE YOU DON’T HAVE TO PAY FOR ANYTHING AND STILL GET YOUR GRADES IN PERFECTLY❗️❗️⚠️
Thomas R
iOS user
Knowunity is the BEST app I’ve used in a minute. This is not an ai review or anything this is genuinely coming from a 7th grade student (I know 2011 im young) but dude this app is a 10/10 i have maintained a 3.8 gpa and have plenty of time for gaming. I love it and my mom is just happy I got good grades
Brad T
Android user
Not only did it help me find the answer but it also showed me alternative ways to solve it. I was horrible in math and science but now I have an a in both subjects. Thanks for the help🤍🤍
David K
iOS user
The app's just great! All I have to do is enter the topic in the search bar and I get the response real fast. I don't have to watch 10 YouTube videos to understand something, so I'm saving my time. Highly recommended!
Sudenaz Ocak
Android user
In school I was really bad at maths but thanks to the app, I am doing better now. I am so grateful that you made the app.
Greenlight Bonnie
Android user
I found this app a couple years ago and it has only gotten better since then. I really love it because it can help with written questions and photo questions. Also, it can find study guides that other people have made as well as flashcard sets and practice tests. The free version is also amazing for students who might not be able to afford it. Would 100% recommend
Aubrey
iOS user
Best app if you're in Highschool or Junior high. I have been using this app for 2 school years and it's the best, it's good if you don't have anyone to help you with school work.😋🩷🎀
Marco B
iOS user
THE QUIZES AND FLASHCARDS ARE SO USEFUL AND I LOVE Knowunity AI. IT ALSO IS LITREALLY LIKE CHATGPT BUT SMARTER!! HELPED ME WITH MY MASCARA PROBLEMS TOO!! AS WELL AS MY REAL SUBJECTS ! DUHHH 😍😁😲🤑💗✨🎀😮
Elisha
iOS user
This app is phenomenal down to the correct info and the various topics you can study! I greatly recommend it for people who struggle with procrastination and those who need homework help. It has been perfectly accurate for world 1 history as far as I’ve seen! Geometry too!
Paul T
iOS user