Development of Sociology
Sociology developed during a time of major political upheaval in Europe and America. The American and French Revolutions brought new focus on individual liberties and rights, inspiring scholars to examine society more methodically.
Auguste Comte is considered sociology's founder. He focused on social order and social stages, establishing the foundation for this new science. Harriet Martineau reviewed American society and believed scholars should actively work to improve society, not just study it. She also translated Comte's work, helping spread his ideas.
Herbert Spencer compared society to a biological organism, while Karl Marx linked social conditions to economic systems. Marx believed economic imbalance would inevitably lead to conflict. Emile Durkheim developed the first sociology class in France and applied scientific methods to study observable aspects of society.
💡 Durkheim introduced the concept of "function"—the consequence an element of society produces for maintaining the social system. This idea remains central to understanding how society's parts work together.





