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an action is carried out. I give you the book. You tell me a story. Estructuras: Indirect Objects, Indirect Pronoun Objects, the reflexive pronouns, except in the third person (le/les). verbs decir and dar In Spanish, the indirect object pronoun can also indicate from whom something is bought, borrowed, or taken away. The forms are identical to the direct object and le (to) you (for) le (toj him, her Indirect object pronouns PLURAL nos (to) us os to) you (fam. Sp.) les to you les (to) them Expresiones ¡Buen provecho! Desea(n) algo de tomar / comer? Deseo tomar... un refresco. ¿Qué te apetece (comer)? Le preparamos la cena a María. Les traigo un refresco a Uds. Indirect object pronouns agree only in number with their noun referent. There is no gender agreement. Le lavo los platos. I'll wash the dishes (for hertim/you). As with other object pronouns, place the indirect object pronoun between no and the conjugated verb. No te recomiendo ese restaurante. I don't recommend that restaurant to As with other object pronouns, you can place the indirect object pronoun before the conjugated verb, or attach it to the infinitive or present participle. El mesero nos tiene que traer la cuenta. El mesero tiene que traernos la cuenta. The uniter has to bring is the check. El mesero me está sirviendo la sopa. El mesero está sirviéndome la sopa. The waiter is serving me the soup Add a prepositional phrase to clarify le or les if the referent is ambiguous. le: a él/a ella /a Ud./ a Juan/a Maria, etc. les: a ellos / a ellas/a Uds./ a mis padres, etc. We prepare dinner for María. I bring you (pl.) a drink. DECIR Y DAR The verbs decir and dar are irregular, and often take indirect object pronouns • Decir (i, i) is an e-i stem-changing verb with an irregular first- person singular form (like tener and venir) decir o may yo digo 10 dies us dice evol dice Siempre le decimos "buenos dias" a nuestra mesera favorita. ¡OJO! The present participle of decir is diciendo. ¿Está diciéndote su receta secreta? nosotrosis decimos vosotras decs Uds doen en dicon Us de d • Dar has an irregular first-person singular form, like ser and estar. dar (to givel ¿Te gusta el arroz? ¿Te gustan las papas? La mesera siempre nos da un buen servicio. aburrir apetecer encantar fascinar interesar molestar parecer quedar We always say "hello" to our favorite umitress is she telling you her secret recipe? nosotros/as danos Ude dan The waitress always gives us good service. In English, the verb like takes a direct object (I like apples). In Spanish, the thing (apples) is the subject of gustar (something is pleasing to someone). Las manzanas me gustan./ Me gustan las manzanas Because something is pleasing to someone, we use an indirect object with gustar. Nos gusta la torta de chocolate. We like chocolate cake. (Chocolate cake is pleasing to us.) Jorge doesn't like beans. No le gustan los frijoles a Jorge. (Beans aren't pleasing to him.) As a rule, use just the third-person singular or plural (gusta/gustan) to agree with the thing or things that are pleasing. Do you like rice? Do you like potatoes? Use the singular gusta with one or more infinitives. ¿Les gusta a ustedes cenar y acostarse temprano? me das Do you like to eat dinner and go to bed early? Here are some other verbs like gustar. Note that the equivalent expressions in English are not direct translations. to bon to the to feel appeal to) to very much, to be dry pleasing to to fascinate, to be attractive to to interest to be in someone's interest to bother to annoy to be over to remain Remember, you can use a prepositional phrase beginning with a to emphasize, clarify, or contrast the indirect object pronoun. A mí me encantan los mariscos, pero a ti no. ¿Les parece caro a ustedes este vino? I love shellfish, but you don't. Does this wine seem expensive to you? Vocabulario: En la cocina The preterit of regular verbs and hacer in time expressions in the past In the kitchen Coffee Maker Stew pot, Casserole Dish, Saucepan La cazuela Stove La estufa Microwave Refrigerator Recipe Skillet (Glass) Bowl Toaster On the table Spoon Knife Plate Napkin Cup mug Fork Glass Preparation Roasted Fried Baked Grilled Pinch of (salt, pepper) En la mesa La cuchara El cuchillo Asadola Fritola Kitchen Activities To heat To cook El plato To cut La servilleta To add, throw on La taza To fry El tenedor To save, keep, put away To bake, roast El vaso La preparación To mix Al horno A la parrilla La pizca (de sal, pimenta En la cocina La cafetera El microondas El refrigerador La receta La sartén El tazón (de cristal) La tostadora To react Para reaccionar How delicious! ¡Quéricola, sabrosola! How revolting! Qué asco! EL PRETÉRITO DE VERBOS REGULARES . So far you have used verbs in the present tense: To measure to peel To chop To toast Como en Café Solo todos I eat at Café Solo every day. los días. yo tomé tu tomaste • To refer to a completed past action in Spanish, you use the preterit: Ayer comí en Café Yesterday I ate at Café Esmeralda. Esmeralda. Ud. tomo el/ella tomó Preterit of regular-ar, -er, and -ir verbs -ar -er -ir tomar vivir vivi viviste vivió vivió vivimos vivistels comieron vivieron comieron vivieron comer comi comiste comió comió nosotros/as tomamos comimos vosotros/as tomasteis comisteis Uds. tomaron ellos/as tomaron Actividades (La cocina) Calentar Cie) Cocinar Cortar Echar Freir (ii) Guardar Hornear Mezclar Medir (1) Pelar Picar Tostar (ve) ¿Cuánto tiempo hace que? The preterit forms for nosotros/as of -ar and -ir verbs are identical to the corresponding present-tense forms. The situation or context of the sentence will clarify the meaning. Use the preterit tense to report actions completed at a given point in the past, and to narrate past events. Preparé una sopa de mariscos para la cena. Ayer nos levantamos, nos duchamos, nos vestimos y salimos para la universidad. Remember to use an accent mark on the final vowel for the first- (yo) and third- person singular (Ud./él/ella) forms of regular verbs, unless the verb is only one syllable. Le eché aceite de oliva a la ensalada. Vi una receta interesante en ese libro. I saw an interesting recipe in that book. Verbs that end in -car, -gar, and -zar have a spelling change in the first-person singular of the preterit in order to keep the original sound of the infinitive. All other forms are regular. Busqué la receta en Internet. Almorcé poco hoy. ayer anteayer anoche I prepared a seafood soup for dinner. Yesterday we got up, showered, got dressed, and left for the university. c→qu buscar 9-gu llegar z c almorzar la semana pasada una vez el año (mes, lunes...) pasado I added olive oil to the salad. • To respond, use: These verbs follow a similar spelling-change pattern: jugar (jugué); empezar (empecé); picar (piqué). You will often see these expressions with the preterit: yo busqué yo llegué yo almorcé Hace dos semanas que comi allí. Comi allí hace dos semanas. I looked for the recipe on the Internet. I ate little lunch today. To ask how long ago an action or event occurred, use: Cuinto tiempo hace que verb phrase in the pre ¿Cuánto tiempo hace que comiste en Don Pancho? yesterday the day before yesterday last night last week once last year (month, Monday...) How long ago did you eat at Don Pancho? (lit. How much time does it make that you ate.. hace+time expression que verb phrase in the pretent verb phrase in the presenthace+time expression The order of the phrases is interchangeable; however, omit que when the verb phrase introduces the sentence. I ate there two weeks ago. (lit. It makes two weeks that I ate there.) El pretérito de los verbos con cambio de raiz: EI,OU Verbas cambian Lal que En Y La tercera persona plural del singular y del Stem-changing-ir verbs in the present also change in the preterit, but only in the third-person singular and plural. The changes are ei and ou The waitress rated the daily specids. The kids slept ten hours last night. La mesera repitió las especialidades del dia. Los chicos durmieron diez horas anoche ww These verbs follow the same pattern medir. preferre, repetir 8. 8 m Verbs that end in -er and -ir preceded by a vowel (creer, leer, and oir) change the i→y in the third-person singular and plural. All forms are accented, except the third-person plural. Mamá no te creyó esta mañana. Leyeron la receta con cuidado. ¿Oiste que hay un restaurante chileno en Chicago? yo 10 Ud. Vola segir 0,9 sode, servir nosotros/as vosotros/as Uds ellos/as Mom didn't believe you this morning. They read the recipe carefully. Did you hear that there is a Chilean restaurant in Chicago? creer (to believe) air (to hear) croi of croiste cesto creyó ayd creyó ayo CHITOS cimos crestes oste oyuron oyeron creyeron creyeron