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verb. Subject pronouns often replace a subject noun and can be classified several different ways. - By first person, second person, or third person - Number (Singular or Plural). - Gender (male or female), and formality (formal or informal) • 1st Person: •Yo-1, Nosotros-We, Nosotras-wel of nie 2nd Person.com TÚ- you, vos-you, Usted (UD) - You, Ustedes (uds) - you guys, vosotros- you all, Vosotras - you all 3rd Person: El-He, Ella-she, Ellos- They, Ellas-They. Examples of infinitives in english: - To write o -To Eat -To Sleep - To wash - TO Smile - To shower -To Break - Todrive The infinitive is essentially the to+(verb)] form. In Spanish, infinitives are only 1 word and end in either -ar, -er, or -ir, as in hablar, leer, ande escribir. To find the verb stem, just drop the far, -er, or -ir. 10 envaMexico and Introductions Mexico • Mexico is the 11th most popular country in the world with 121 million people JustiNANI ONT in • Second most large economy in Latin America 0 Home They grow maize (corn), tomatoes, and green beans 10-Introductions with Family printing stications To introduce a boy/man to someone: ? How Este es... •Se llama... To introduce a girl/woman to Someone: trag 2 Esta es pat nuo to nven #oslove s Se llamage, og at pa To introduce yourself: to upni) amoy. Chamadini ya nchi. Me llamo • Soy... Replying to introductions: ach cortocall €1-67°, Mucho Gusto - Nice to meet you; -ankbestjapoor any - Q. ©Encantado - Delighted (Male) Encantada- Delighted (female).. . Franses utiles en Mexico People will usually reply with:512-03-13 •Bueno? N Qué hay de nuevo? •¿ Qué hay? Quiúbole? While talking to friends: bot - xx18 ©T- Qué Patada? ¿Qué Pedo? Qué rollo? ¿Qué Anda? Qué Anda Carnal ? ¿Qué Transa? P Pri The The The I The It The let "V Cognates and Pronounciations ! Cognatesching When it comes to linguistics, it means that 2 words have the same linguistic deriviation or share the same origin. Spanish words and english words with many similarities are called cognates! Example- "Attention" in english and "atención "in. Spanish. They are cognates.. • Beware of false congates. They sound and look Simillier but mean 2 totaly different things Is the M Example- "Proffesor" in English and "Profesor" in Spanish. These are false. cognates.. Here are the 3 types of Cognates:! wow Perfect Cognates) - •The spelling, meaning, and sound are identical True Cognate A word thats spelled the same or similiar and often sounds alike in both languges. False Cognates. Look like Cognates but aren't really. They are deceptive. protrato! - Stif salt Pronounciations The letter a is pronounced like the a in father, but Shorter. Ex-Alex, Clase, Nada, encantada. The letter e is pronounced like the e in they, but shorter. Ex-el, ene, mesa, elefante The letter i sounds like the ee in beet, but shorter. Ines, chica, tiza, señorita Examples: The letter o is pronounced like the 0 in tone, but shorter... Ex-hola, con, libro, don francisco The letter u sounds like the oo in room, but shorter. Ex-Uno, regular, Saludos, gusto 15 Tener The verb Tener usually means to have. Tener expresses age and posesstion Posessive Adjectives + Tener Here is the verb conjugation for tener- Singular yo tengo 1-have tú tienes You have él tiene he has ella tiene she has usted tiene you have ustees tienen Plural кактишкиши nosotros/ las tenemos vosotros as timels. ellos tienen ellas tienen There is no need to use the subject pronoun. Ohly use the subject pronoun for emphasis or when the subject isn't clear To express age, use this expression: WWW my o Tener...años. Marlo tiene doce años. To ask someone's age of how many of an item they have in their possession, use this question: ¿Cuántos años + tener? ¿Cuántos años tienes?: oi Cuántos libros + tener? ¿Cuántos libros tienes?. your Posessive adjectives andmin ognst- und A Posessive adjectives are used to show ownership. Theite mit O Here's a chart to help with these adjectives: wil Singular/Plural Singular plural W IMI nuestro (a)/nuestros(as) Vuestro ca)/vuestros (as) Imi/mis we have you have they have Call male or mixed group) they have (all female group) you have Bur they accompany. your informal) tultus his her, su/Sus your their your su/sus Posessives adjectives become singular or plural depending on the noun (informal) o mi hermano my brother (singular) omis tres hermanos my 3 brothers /Siblings (plural) Nuestro and vuestros agree not only in number but also with the gunder of the noun. onuestra hermana our sister (femine and singular) onuestros primos our cousins (masculine and plural) 18 Important Notes. 2x1-9002 Kyps 13 dal verbs that use the word to are infinitives. Example: to speak (hablar) eat (comer), and to write (escribir). ·AR· Verbs Conjugation pl Verbs are broken down into 2 sections;& The Stem • Example: yo tú •Hablar •Comer Stem: com- ending: -er Escribir Stem: escrib-ending-ir i7-7 Stem! Habl- ending:-Ar All verbs end in -AR, "ER, and -IR. pnes plannik When Conjugating verbs, it is important to ask yourself. who is doing the action? This will help whenfiguring out the correct ending to add. -AR endings in Present Tense of yo (1) - O nosotras we amos -as él/ella Usted FÚLY ellos/ellas Ustedes 4 Regular (you) el (he) ella (sne) stem and the ending. Present tense -er an-ir verbs. There are 2 other types of infinatives as well; the others will have -er or-ir endings. billepotnom pl-strud vosotros (you spiral])-ais vosotras hablo hablas habla obolan 15+ m2.037. ellos (they ellas (they (female]) -an -a usted (you (formal) Ustedes (you (plural)) Comorovivo hablamas nosotros/as hablamos comemos a vosotros/as habláis Coméis hablan hablan comes 19-Vivesong Come viver Come nevive word vivimos vivís n Comen Viven comen Viven o terior 14 da Hablar (ar) comer (-er) Vivir (-ir) с te CU Cor 22 Gustar and Gustar like verbs Gustar and verbs like gustar are famously hard to get right in Sparing a little bitd especially when your just starting out. However, with explaining and a lot of practice, you'll be a pro at the using these verbs in no time. With gustar and verbs like it, the subject of the sentence is the thing indirect object being liked is expressed, via a subject pronoun or an pronoun. We will get to those later in detail. Heres a quick example: •I like the green apple. Me gusta la manzana verde. • I line green apples. Me gustan las manzanas verdes. Indirect object pronoun (10p) - chart me (to, for) me nos (to for) us te (to, for) you (fam.) le (to, for) you (form.) (to, for) him; her as (to, for) you (fam.) les (to, for) you (form.) (to, for) them. {obined of sotes smiobj Hay Hay is a very common Spanish expression. It is equivalent to the English expression "there is" or "there are" dasiles-1-H • Hay un libro en la mesa - oHay tres hombres en la clase. oHay muchas cosas a hacer There's a book on the table.. •There are 3 men in the class. There's a lot to do (There are) Hay is the present tense form of verbilomw/27 - 121 Querer y preferir. In Spanish, the verb querer (to want) is used to express desire and the verb preferir (to prefer) is used to express preference: the oJuan quiere una naranja Juan wants an orange !! OTú quieres cenar →You want dinner 22- pab 271 o Yo prefiero frutas I prefer fruits. O Nosotros preferimos agua we prefer water th Note-Both werbs can be followed either by a noun (una naranja) or be a ver in the infintive form (cenar). The verbs querer and preferir have a Stem change. This means, that the stem of the word will change vowels. It will go from. an eie. Singular yo quiero quieres Usted, el, ella quiere Plural تخلط مادرم) nosotros nosotras queremos vosotros vosotras quereis Ustedes, ellos, ellas quieren Singular Plural nosotros yo prefiero nosotras Preferimos vosotros tú prefieres vosotras Preferis Ustedes, Prefieren Hellas, ellas Usted Prefiere fel, ella verbo querer (to want). Presente. Verbo Preferir (to prefer). Presente... To say that you do not like something, you can use gustar in the negative form. O No me gusta el café I do not like coffee.. ONo me gusta cenar a las diez de la noche I do not like to have dinner at 10 pm. DOP and TOP 29/HU 291012574x3 Direct object Pronoun DOP was? krbos "rowans han deo of @A. direct object pronoun Cun pronombre de objeto directo) replaces a direct object, which is a noun that directly recives the action. (... of a verb in a sentence.wo... saibeh Mo Direct Object Pronouns Sanindot sup mais Me (me) Te cyou-informal) LO (Him, It, or you formal) La (Her, it, or you formal Nos (US) ...LOS supak o 225 Que T OS (you all-informal) tanese orien o later onsing by Yo me te (you all formal or them) Las (you all formal of them) Hand Lotsingo Landl Natis! aed NOM! Indirect Object Pronouns (IOP) from Istrisleave o objeto directo Juan me da, los flores verbo DAR Indirect object pronouns talk about to WHOM the verbo is done or for WHom the verb is done. Also, it can refer to the DIRECTION the direct. object is going. They are usually placed before the verbo, when this is conjugated, then the indirect object pronoun is placed after the verb. Singular Plural nos OS les me US you you le you, him, her, it you, them. An indirect object is the person or thing for whom an action is being or has been performed, usually indicated in English by the words "to" or "for" 20 h 100 Expresiones utiles To ask and answer what someone does for a living in tosia A qué te dedicas? what is your proffesion? (Literal: What do you کنند انستان ته (dedicate yourself to 2 Me dedico a... I am a... (literal: I dedicate myself to...). ¿en qué trabajas? what do you work in 3/0 tashig o • Say... + I am a..... ... To express a desire: Yo quiero ser... I want to be.....(..) Y yo quiero estudiar... And I want to study .... To express approval: iPerfecto! Perfect! @Muy bien! Well done! i excelente! Excelent !901) ... آن . . ..... ان 1 ۹۰ 0 ) arvonor? dogido togribal 1036 19 عام 1920 4 د ۵ است مان et al عام نفه ال لا لا لون له امله اته نه وي است دلمو بدمنات والا محالة لمحات جس