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How Chemistry Helps Make Medicines Faster

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Alexandria Walgren

11/5/2023

AP Chemistry

Factors Affecting Reaction Rates

How Chemistry Helps Make Medicines Faster

Chemical kinetics plays a crucial role in understanding reaction rates and their applications in various fields. Factors affecting reaction rates in chemistry include collision frequency, particle energy, and molecular orientation.

• Chemical reactions vary significantly in speed, from rapid processes like photosynthesis to extremely slow transformations like graphite to diamonds
• The study of chemical kinetics role in drug design helps optimize reaction conditions and control processes in pharmaceutical development
• Reaction rates depend on multiple factors including reactant nature, concentration, temperature, and surface area
• The effect of catalysts on chemical reactions is significant as they increase reaction rates without being consumed
• Understanding reaction kinetics is essential for industrial applications, pollution control, and food processing

...

11/5/2023

30

Chemical Kenetics
area of chemistry in
which reaction rates,
are studied
• need to speed up.
desirable reactions
minimize damage by
in undes

View

Page 2: Reaction Rates and Their Measurement

This page delves into the practical aspects of measuring and calculating reaction rates, emphasizing how rates change over time during chemical reactions.

Definition: The rate of a chemical reaction is the change in concentration over time, measured either by reactant disappearance or product appearance.

The text identifies three main types of reaction rates:

  1. Instantaneous reaction rates
  2. Relative reaction rates
  3. Differential rate law or rate expression

Highlight: Reactions typically don't proceed at a steady rate but start fast and gradually slow down as reactant concentrations decrease.

Example: When calculating relative rates for a reaction aA + bB → cC + dD, coefficients from the balanced equation are used with appropriate signs (negative for reactants, positive for products).

Vocabulary: A tangent line in rate calculations is a line that touches the reaction curve at a single point, used to determine instantaneous rates.

The measurement of reaction rates typically uses:

  • Concentration changes over time
  • Units of molarity per second (M/s)
  • Graphical analysis methods

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AP Chemistry

30

Nov 5, 2023

2 pages

How Chemistry Helps Make Medicines Faster

A

Alexandria Walgren

@strawberries24

Chemical kinetics plays a crucial role in understanding reaction rates and their applications in various fields. Factors affecting reaction rates in chemistry include collision frequency, particle energy, and molecular orientation.

• Chemical reactions vary significantly in speed, from rapid processes... Show more

Chemical Kenetics
area of chemistry in
which reaction rates,
are studied
• need to speed up.
desirable reactions
minimize damage by
in undes

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Page 2: Reaction Rates and Their Measurement

This page delves into the practical aspects of measuring and calculating reaction rates, emphasizing how rates change over time during chemical reactions.

Definition: The rate of a chemical reaction is the change in concentration over time, measured either by reactant disappearance or product appearance.

The text identifies three main types of reaction rates:

  1. Instantaneous reaction rates
  2. Relative reaction rates
  3. Differential rate law or rate expression

Highlight: Reactions typically don't proceed at a steady rate but start fast and gradually slow down as reactant concentrations decrease.

Example: When calculating relative rates for a reaction aA + bB → cC + dD, coefficients from the balanced equation are used with appropriate signs (negative for reactants, positive for products).

Vocabulary: A tangent line in rate calculations is a line that touches the reaction curve at a single point, used to determine instantaneous rates.

The measurement of reaction rates typically uses:

  • Concentration changes over time
  • Units of molarity per second (M/s)
  • Graphical analysis methods
Chemical Kenetics
area of chemistry in
which reaction rates,
are studied
• need to speed up.
desirable reactions
minimize damage by
in undes

Sign up to see the contentIt's free!

Access to all documents

Improve your grades

Join milions of students

By signing up you accept Terms of Service and Privacy Policy

Page 1: Fundamentals of Chemical Kinetics

Chemical kinetics explores the study of reaction rates and their controlling factors. The field emphasizes understanding how reactions proceed and what influences their speed.

Definition: Chemical kinetics is the area of chemistry that studies reaction rates and the factors that influence them.

Highlight: Collision theory states that reactions occur when particles collide with sufficient energy and proper orientation.

The rate of chemical reactions depends on several key factors:

  • Frequency of particle collisions
  • Energy of colliding particles
  • Proper molecular orientation

Vocabulary: Activation energy is the minimum energy required for particles to react when they collide.

Example: The Maxwell-Boltzmann distribution shows that only particles with energy exceeding the activation energy will react upon collision.

Factors affecting reaction rates include:

  1. Nature and physical state of reactants
  2. Reactant concentration
  3. Temperature
  4. Surface area
  5. Catalyst presence

Quote: "Reactions take place when particles collide with a certain amount of energy."

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This app is really great. There are so many study notes and help [...]. My problem subject is French, for example, and the app has so many options for help. Thanks to this app, I have improved my French. I would recommend it to anyone.

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Thomas R

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Brad T

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Not only did it help me find the answer but it also showed me alternative ways to solve it. I was horrible in math and science but now I have an a in both subjects. Thanks for the help🤍🤍

David K

iOS user

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Sudenaz Ocak

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Greenlight Bonnie

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