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Aug 8, 2022
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Higher Chemistry Unit 2: Easy Notes and Questions
S
Sarah Khan
@userohllx_dtah
Alcohols and Their Properties
This section delves into the structure and classification of alcohols, which is essential knowledge for the Alkanes alkenes and alcohols chemistry study guide aqa.
Vocabulary: The functional group of alcohols is the hydroxyl group .
Alcohols are classified into primary, secondary, and tertiary based on the position of the hydroxyl group. The page provides structural diagrams for each type, helping students visualize the differences.
Definition: Diols are alcohols containing two hydroxyl groups, while triols contain three hydroxyl groups.
The physical properties of alcohols are explained, emphasizing the impact of hydroxyl groups on boiling points, viscosity, and solubility.
Highlight: As the number of hydroxyl groups increases, the boiling point tends to increase due to stronger hydrogen bonding, leading to higher melting and boiling points, increased viscosity, and greater solubility in polar solvents.
Carboxylic Acids and Their Reactions
This page focuses on carboxylic acids, their structure, and reactions, which are crucial topics in Higher Chemistry unit 2 systematic chemistry notes free.
Definition: Carboxylic acids have the functional group -COOH, known as the carboxyl group.
The page outlines key reactions of carboxylic acids with metal oxides, metal hydroxides, and metal carbonates, providing balanced equations for each reaction.
Example: Metal Carbonate + Carboxylic Acid → Salt + Water + Carbon Dioxide
This information is particularly useful for students studying Higher Chemistry Unit 3 Notes as it provides a foundation for understanding more complex organic reactions.
Esters, Fats, and Oils
This section covers the formation and properties of esters, as well as their role in fats and oils. It's an essential part of the Chemistry unit 2 summary notes.
Definition: Esters are formed by reacting an alcohol with a carboxylic acid, a process known as esterification or condensation reaction.
The page provides a detailed explanation of the esterification process, including the experimental setup and precautions.
Highlight: Esters are used as flavourings and fragrances due to their pleasant fruity smells, and as solvents for non-polar compounds.
The hydrolysis of esters is also discussed, explaining the reversible nature of the esterification reaction.
Vocabulary: Hydrolysis is the process of breaking down a compound by reaction with water.
Fats, Oils, and Fatty Acids
This page delves deeper into the structure and formation of fats and oils, which is crucial for understanding Higher Chemistry Unit 1 notes.
Definition: Edible fats and oils are esters formed from a condensation reaction of glycerol with three fatty acid molecules.
The page explains the condensation reaction that forms triglycerides, providing a balanced equation and structural diagram.
Example: CH₂-OH + 3R-COOH → CH₂-O-CO-R + 3H₂O
The differences between fats and oils are explained, focusing on their molecular structure and physical properties.
Highlight: The structure of fatty acids that combine with glycerol affects whether a fat or oil is formed. Saturated fatty acids tend to form fats, while unsaturated fatty acids form oils.
This information is particularly relevant for students studying Higher Chemistry notes and preparing for exams on organic chemistry.
Systematic Chemistry: Alkanes, Alkenes, and Isomers
This page introduces fundamental concepts in organic chemistry, focusing on alkanes and alkenes. It covers their general formulas, structural characteristics, and key reactions.
Definition: Alkanes are saturated hydrocarbons with single carbon-carbon bonds, while alkenes are unsaturated hydrocarbons with at least one double bond.
The page also explains isomers and addition reactions, which are crucial for understanding Alkanes and alkenes GCSE Chemistry.
Example: Addition reactions of alkenes include bromination , hydrogenation , hydration , and halogenation .
Physical properties of these compounds are discussed, emphasizing the relationship between molecular size and boiling/melting points.
Highlight: As the number of carbon atoms increases in alkanes, alkenes, and cycloalkanes, there is a gradual increase in melting and boiling points due to stronger intermolecular forces.
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The app is very easy to use and well designed. I have found everything I was looking for so far and have been able to learn a lot from the presentations! I will definitely use the app for a class assignment! And of course it also helps a lot as an inspiration.
Stefan S
iOS user
This app is really great. There are so many study notes and help [...]. My problem subject is French, for example, and the app has so many options for help. Thanks to this app, I have improved my French. I would recommend it to anyone.
Samantha Klich
Android user
Wow, I am really amazed. I just tried the app because I've seen it advertised many times and was absolutely stunned. This app is THE HELP you want for school and above all, it offers so many things, such as workouts and fact sheets, which have been VERY helpful to me personally.
Anna
iOS user
I think it’s very much worth it and you’ll end up using it a lot once you get the hang of it and even after looking at others notes you can still ask your Artificial intelligence buddy the question and ask to simplify it if you still don’t get it!!! In the end I think it’s worth it 😊👍 ⚠️Also DID I MENTION ITS FREEE YOU DON’T HAVE TO PAY FOR ANYTHING AND STILL GET YOUR GRADES IN PERFECTLY❗️❗️⚠️
Thomas R
iOS user
Knowunity is the BEST app I’ve used in a minute. This is not an ai review or anything this is genuinely coming from a 7th grade student (I know 2011 im young) but dude this app is a 10/10 i have maintained a 3.8 gpa and have plenty of time for gaming. I love it and my mom is just happy I got good grades
Brad T
Android user
Not only did it help me find the answer but it also showed me alternative ways to solve it. I was horrible in math and science but now I have an a in both subjects. Thanks for the help🤍🤍
David K
iOS user
The app's just great! All I have to do is enter the topic in the search bar and I get the response real fast. I don't have to watch 10 YouTube videos to understand something, so I'm saving my time. Highly recommended!
Sudenaz Ocak
Android user
In school I was really bad at maths but thanks to the app, I am doing better now. I am so grateful that you made the app.
Greenlight Bonnie
Android user
I found this app a couple years ago and it has only gotten better since then. I really love it because it can help with written questions and photo questions. Also, it can find study guides that other people have made as well as flashcard sets and practice tests. The free version is also amazing for students who might not be able to afford it. Would 100% recommend
Aubrey
iOS user
Best app if you're in Highschool or Junior high. I have been using this app for 2 school years and it's the best, it's good if you don't have anyone to help you with school work.😋🩷🎀
Marco B
iOS user
THE QUIZES AND FLASHCARDS ARE SO USEFUL AND I LOVE THE SCHOOLGPT. IT ALSO IS LITREALLY LIKE CHATGPT BUT SMARTER!! HELPED ME WITH MY MASCARA PROBLEMS TOO!! AS WELL AS MY REAL SUBJECTS ! DUHHH 😍😁😲🤑💗✨🎀😮
Elisha
iOS user
This app is phenomenal down to the correct info and the various topics you can study! I greatly recommend it for people who struggle with procrastination and those who need homework help. It has been perfectly accurate for world 1 history as far as I’ve seen! Geometry too!
Paul T
iOS user
The app is very easy to use and well designed. I have found everything I was looking for so far and have been able to learn a lot from the presentations! I will definitely use the app for a class assignment! And of course it also helps a lot as an inspiration.
Stefan S
iOS user
This app is really great. There are so many study notes and help [...]. My problem subject is French, for example, and the app has so many options for help. Thanks to this app, I have improved my French. I would recommend it to anyone.
Samantha Klich
Android user
Wow, I am really amazed. I just tried the app because I've seen it advertised many times and was absolutely stunned. This app is THE HELP you want for school and above all, it offers so many things, such as workouts and fact sheets, which have been VERY helpful to me personally.
Anna
iOS user
I think it’s very much worth it and you’ll end up using it a lot once you get the hang of it and even after looking at others notes you can still ask your Artificial intelligence buddy the question and ask to simplify it if you still don’t get it!!! In the end I think it’s worth it 😊👍 ⚠️Also DID I MENTION ITS FREEE YOU DON’T HAVE TO PAY FOR ANYTHING AND STILL GET YOUR GRADES IN PERFECTLY❗️❗️⚠️
Thomas R
iOS user
Knowunity is the BEST app I’ve used in a minute. This is not an ai review or anything this is genuinely coming from a 7th grade student (I know 2011 im young) but dude this app is a 10/10 i have maintained a 3.8 gpa and have plenty of time for gaming. I love it and my mom is just happy I got good grades
Brad T
Android user
Not only did it help me find the answer but it also showed me alternative ways to solve it. I was horrible in math and science but now I have an a in both subjects. Thanks for the help🤍🤍
David K
iOS user
The app's just great! All I have to do is enter the topic in the search bar and I get the response real fast. I don't have to watch 10 YouTube videos to understand something, so I'm saving my time. Highly recommended!
Sudenaz Ocak
Android user
In school I was really bad at maths but thanks to the app, I am doing better now. I am so grateful that you made the app.
Greenlight Bonnie
Android user
I found this app a couple years ago and it has only gotten better since then. I really love it because it can help with written questions and photo questions. Also, it can find study guides that other people have made as well as flashcard sets and practice tests. The free version is also amazing for students who might not be able to afford it. Would 100% recommend
Aubrey
iOS user
Best app if you're in Highschool or Junior high. I have been using this app for 2 school years and it's the best, it's good if you don't have anyone to help you with school work.😋🩷🎀
Marco B
iOS user
THE QUIZES AND FLASHCARDS ARE SO USEFUL AND I LOVE THE SCHOOLGPT. IT ALSO IS LITREALLY LIKE CHATGPT BUT SMARTER!! HELPED ME WITH MY MASCARA PROBLEMS TOO!! AS WELL AS MY REAL SUBJECTS ! DUHHH 😍😁😲🤑💗✨🎀😮
Elisha
iOS user
This app is phenomenal down to the correct info and the various topics you can study! I greatly recommend it for people who struggle with procrastination and those who need homework help. It has been perfectly accurate for world 1 history as far as I’ve seen! Geometry too!
Paul T
iOS user
Higher Chemistry Unit 2: Easy Notes and Questions
S
Sarah Khan
@userohllx_dtah
Higher Chemistry Unit 2: Systematic Chemistry is a comprehensive guide covering key topics in organic chemistry, including alkanes, alkenes, alcohols, carboxylic acids, and esters. This study material is essential for students preparing for Higher Chemistry unit 2 systematic chemistry notes... Show more
Alcohols and Their Properties
This section delves into the structure and classification of alcohols, which is essential knowledge for the Alkanes alkenes and alcohols chemistry study guide aqa.
Vocabulary: The functional group of alcohols is the hydroxyl group .
Alcohols are classified into primary, secondary, and tertiary based on the position of the hydroxyl group. The page provides structural diagrams for each type, helping students visualize the differences.
Definition: Diols are alcohols containing two hydroxyl groups, while triols contain three hydroxyl groups.
The physical properties of alcohols are explained, emphasizing the impact of hydroxyl groups on boiling points, viscosity, and solubility.
Highlight: As the number of hydroxyl groups increases, the boiling point tends to increase due to stronger hydrogen bonding, leading to higher melting and boiling points, increased viscosity, and greater solubility in polar solvents.
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Carboxylic Acids and Their Reactions
This page focuses on carboxylic acids, their structure, and reactions, which are crucial topics in Higher Chemistry unit 2 systematic chemistry notes free.
Definition: Carboxylic acids have the functional group -COOH, known as the carboxyl group.
The page outlines key reactions of carboxylic acids with metal oxides, metal hydroxides, and metal carbonates, providing balanced equations for each reaction.
Example: Metal Carbonate + Carboxylic Acid → Salt + Water + Carbon Dioxide
This information is particularly useful for students studying Higher Chemistry Unit 3 Notes as it provides a foundation for understanding more complex organic reactions.
Sign up to see the contentIt's free!
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Esters, Fats, and Oils
This section covers the formation and properties of esters, as well as their role in fats and oils. It's an essential part of the Chemistry unit 2 summary notes.
Definition: Esters are formed by reacting an alcohol with a carboxylic acid, a process known as esterification or condensation reaction.
The page provides a detailed explanation of the esterification process, including the experimental setup and precautions.
Highlight: Esters are used as flavourings and fragrances due to their pleasant fruity smells, and as solvents for non-polar compounds.
The hydrolysis of esters is also discussed, explaining the reversible nature of the esterification reaction.
Vocabulary: Hydrolysis is the process of breaking down a compound by reaction with water.
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Fats, Oils, and Fatty Acids
This page delves deeper into the structure and formation of fats and oils, which is crucial for understanding Higher Chemistry Unit 1 notes.
Definition: Edible fats and oils are esters formed from a condensation reaction of glycerol with three fatty acid molecules.
The page explains the condensation reaction that forms triglycerides, providing a balanced equation and structural diagram.
Example: CH₂-OH + 3R-COOH → CH₂-O-CO-R + 3H₂O
The differences between fats and oils are explained, focusing on their molecular structure and physical properties.
Highlight: The structure of fatty acids that combine with glycerol affects whether a fat or oil is formed. Saturated fatty acids tend to form fats, while unsaturated fatty acids form oils.
This information is particularly relevant for students studying Higher Chemistry notes and preparing for exams on organic chemistry.
Sign up to see the contentIt's free!
Access to all documents
Improve your grades
Join milions of students
By signing up you accept Terms of Service and Privacy Policy
Systematic Chemistry: Alkanes, Alkenes, and Isomers
This page introduces fundamental concepts in organic chemistry, focusing on alkanes and alkenes. It covers their general formulas, structural characteristics, and key reactions.
Definition: Alkanes are saturated hydrocarbons with single carbon-carbon bonds, while alkenes are unsaturated hydrocarbons with at least one double bond.
The page also explains isomers and addition reactions, which are crucial for understanding Alkanes and alkenes GCSE Chemistry.
Example: Addition reactions of alkenes include bromination , hydrogenation , hydration , and halogenation .
Physical properties of these compounds are discussed, emphasizing the relationship between molecular size and boiling/melting points.
Highlight: As the number of carbon atoms increases in alkanes, alkenes, and cycloalkanes, there is a gradual increase in melting and boiling points due to stronger intermolecular forces.
Sign up to see the contentIt's free!
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Join milions of students
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Sign up to see the contentIt's free!
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By signing up you accept Terms of Service and Privacy Policy
Sign up to see the contentIt's free!
Access to all documents
Improve your grades
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By signing up you accept Terms of Service and Privacy Policy
Sign up to see the contentIt's free!
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Join milions of students
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We thought you’d never ask...
What is the Knowunity AI companion?
Our AI companion is specifically built for the needs of students. Based on the millions of content pieces we have on the platform we can provide truly meaningful and relevant answers to students. But its not only about answers, the companion is even more about guiding students through their daily learning challenges, with personalised study plans, quizzes or content pieces in the chat and 100% personalisation based on the students skills and developments.
Where can I download the Knowunity app?
You can download the app in the Google Play Store and in the Apple App Store.
Is Knowunity really free of charge?
You have the choice, we offer a 100% secure payment via PayPal or an Amazon gift card. There is no limit to how much you can earn.
Can't find what you're looking for? Explore other subjects.
Students love us — and so will you.
4.9/5
App Store
4.8/5
Google Play
The app is very easy to use and well designed. I have found everything I was looking for so far and have been able to learn a lot from the presentations! I will definitely use the app for a class assignment! And of course it also helps a lot as an inspiration.
Stefan S
iOS user
This app is really great. There are so many study notes and help [...]. My problem subject is French, for example, and the app has so many options for help. Thanks to this app, I have improved my French. I would recommend it to anyone.
Samantha Klich
Android user
Wow, I am really amazed. I just tried the app because I've seen it advertised many times and was absolutely stunned. This app is THE HELP you want for school and above all, it offers so many things, such as workouts and fact sheets, which have been VERY helpful to me personally.
Anna
iOS user
I think it’s very much worth it and you’ll end up using it a lot once you get the hang of it and even after looking at others notes you can still ask your Artificial intelligence buddy the question and ask to simplify it if you still don’t get it!!! In the end I think it’s worth it 😊👍 ⚠️Also DID I MENTION ITS FREEE YOU DON’T HAVE TO PAY FOR ANYTHING AND STILL GET YOUR GRADES IN PERFECTLY❗️❗️⚠️
Thomas R
iOS user
Knowunity is the BEST app I’ve used in a minute. This is not an ai review or anything this is genuinely coming from a 7th grade student (I know 2011 im young) but dude this app is a 10/10 i have maintained a 3.8 gpa and have plenty of time for gaming. I love it and my mom is just happy I got good grades
Brad T
Android user
Not only did it help me find the answer but it also showed me alternative ways to solve it. I was horrible in math and science but now I have an a in both subjects. Thanks for the help🤍🤍
David K
iOS user
The app's just great! All I have to do is enter the topic in the search bar and I get the response real fast. I don't have to watch 10 YouTube videos to understand something, so I'm saving my time. Highly recommended!
Sudenaz Ocak
Android user
In school I was really bad at maths but thanks to the app, I am doing better now. I am so grateful that you made the app.
Greenlight Bonnie
Android user
I found this app a couple years ago and it has only gotten better since then. I really love it because it can help with written questions and photo questions. Also, it can find study guides that other people have made as well as flashcard sets and practice tests. The free version is also amazing for students who might not be able to afford it. Would 100% recommend
Aubrey
iOS user
Best app if you're in Highschool or Junior high. I have been using this app for 2 school years and it's the best, it's good if you don't have anyone to help you with school work.😋🩷🎀
Marco B
iOS user
THE QUIZES AND FLASHCARDS ARE SO USEFUL AND I LOVE THE SCHOOLGPT. IT ALSO IS LITREALLY LIKE CHATGPT BUT SMARTER!! HELPED ME WITH MY MASCARA PROBLEMS TOO!! AS WELL AS MY REAL SUBJECTS ! DUHHH 😍😁😲🤑💗✨🎀😮
Elisha
iOS user
This app is phenomenal down to the correct info and the various topics you can study! I greatly recommend it for people who struggle with procrastination and those who need homework help. It has been perfectly accurate for world 1 history as far as I’ve seen! Geometry too!
Paul T
iOS user
The app is very easy to use and well designed. I have found everything I was looking for so far and have been able to learn a lot from the presentations! I will definitely use the app for a class assignment! And of course it also helps a lot as an inspiration.
Stefan S
iOS user
This app is really great. There are so many study notes and help [...]. My problem subject is French, for example, and the app has so many options for help. Thanks to this app, I have improved my French. I would recommend it to anyone.
Samantha Klich
Android user
Wow, I am really amazed. I just tried the app because I've seen it advertised many times and was absolutely stunned. This app is THE HELP you want for school and above all, it offers so many things, such as workouts and fact sheets, which have been VERY helpful to me personally.
Anna
iOS user
I think it’s very much worth it and you’ll end up using it a lot once you get the hang of it and even after looking at others notes you can still ask your Artificial intelligence buddy the question and ask to simplify it if you still don’t get it!!! In the end I think it’s worth it 😊👍 ⚠️Also DID I MENTION ITS FREEE YOU DON’T HAVE TO PAY FOR ANYTHING AND STILL GET YOUR GRADES IN PERFECTLY❗️❗️⚠️
Thomas R
iOS user
Knowunity is the BEST app I’ve used in a minute. This is not an ai review or anything this is genuinely coming from a 7th grade student (I know 2011 im young) but dude this app is a 10/10 i have maintained a 3.8 gpa and have plenty of time for gaming. I love it and my mom is just happy I got good grades
Brad T
Android user
Not only did it help me find the answer but it also showed me alternative ways to solve it. I was horrible in math and science but now I have an a in both subjects. Thanks for the help🤍🤍
David K
iOS user
The app's just great! All I have to do is enter the topic in the search bar and I get the response real fast. I don't have to watch 10 YouTube videos to understand something, so I'm saving my time. Highly recommended!
Sudenaz Ocak
Android user
In school I was really bad at maths but thanks to the app, I am doing better now. I am so grateful that you made the app.
Greenlight Bonnie
Android user
I found this app a couple years ago and it has only gotten better since then. I really love it because it can help with written questions and photo questions. Also, it can find study guides that other people have made as well as flashcard sets and practice tests. The free version is also amazing for students who might not be able to afford it. Would 100% recommend
Aubrey
iOS user
Best app if you're in Highschool or Junior high. I have been using this app for 2 school years and it's the best, it's good if you don't have anyone to help you with school work.😋🩷🎀
Marco B
iOS user
THE QUIZES AND FLASHCARDS ARE SO USEFUL AND I LOVE THE SCHOOLGPT. IT ALSO IS LITREALLY LIKE CHATGPT BUT SMARTER!! HELPED ME WITH MY MASCARA PROBLEMS TOO!! AS WELL AS MY REAL SUBJECTS ! DUHHH 😍😁😲🤑💗✨🎀😮
Elisha
iOS user
This app is phenomenal down to the correct info and the various topics you can study! I greatly recommend it for people who struggle with procrastination and those who need homework help. It has been perfectly accurate for world 1 history as far as I’ve seen! Geometry too!
Paul T
iOS user