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Jan 19, 2023
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Marshall Plan and Truman Doctrine: Stopping Communism and Ending American Isolationism
The Marshall Plan and Its Impact
The Marshall Plan, named after General George Marshall, was a practical implementation of the Truman Doctrine. It aimed to provide economic aid to war-torn countries in Western Europe to prevent the spread of communism.
Vocabulary: The Marshall Plan, officially known as the European Recovery Program, was a U.S. initiative to aid Western Europe in rebuilding after World War II.
General Marshall, after traveling through Western Europe in 1947, was shocked by the devastation and economic suffering he witnessed. The plan was designed to make capitalism more appealing than communism to the desperate and impoverished populations of these countries.
Between 1948 and 1952, the United States provided 13 billion given before the plan was officially enacted. This massive economic assistance was crucial in rebuilding Western Europe and strengthening its resistance to communist influence.
Highlight: The Marshall Plan distributed a total of $17 billion to help countries rebuild, including sending machinery to aid factory recovery and advisors to reconstruct transport systems.
The impact of the Marshall Plan was significant:
- It encouraged European countries to collaborate, leading to the formation of the Organisation for European Economic Co-operation by 16 participating nations.
- It deepened the division between Eastern and Western Europe, as Stalin refused to allow Soviet satellite states to accept Marshall Plan aid.
- It prompted a Soviet response in the form of Cominform in 1947 and Comecon in 1949.
Example: The Czechoslovakian leader's suspicious death in 1948 convinced the initially reluctant U.S. Congress to approve funding for the Marshall Plan, highlighting the perceived threat of communist expansion.
The Soviet Union criticized the Marshall Plan as "dollar imperialism," claiming the United States had selfish motives. In response, the USSR established:
- Cominform : A political organization to control communist countries and discourage contact with non-communist nations.
- Comecon : An economic organization to provide aid aligned with communist principles and coordinate industrial planning across Soviet satellite states.
Quote: "Stalin said USA had not it for selfish reasons 'dollar imperialism'"
These initiatives further solidified the division of Europe into distinct Western and Eastern blocs, setting the stage for decades of Cold War tensions.
The End of American Isolationism
In the 1930s, the United States adhered to a policy of isolationism, seeking to avoid entanglement in international affairs. However, the spread of communism in Eastern Europe following World War II forced American politicians to abandon this stance and take a more active role in global politics.
Definition: Isolationism in U.S. history refers to the foreign policy approach of avoiding alliances with other nations and staying out of international conflicts.
The Soviet takeover of Eastern European countries alarmed the American government, prompting a significant shift in foreign policy. This change led the United States to build its own "sphere of influence," encompassing many of the world's wealthiest industrial nations.
Highlight: The breakdown of U.S. isolationism was primarily driven by the fear of communism spreading to Western Europe.
The post-World War II era presented distinct challenges for both the USSR and the USA:
- The Soviet Union feared American nuclear weapons and potential Western invasion.
- The United States worried about Western Europe turning communist.
In response, the USSR established "buffer states" across Eastern Europe, creating a communist bloc. The United States, under President Truman, developed the Truman Doctrine, which introduced the idea of containment to prevent the spread of communism.
Example: The Greek Civil War of 1944 between royalist and communist forces exemplified the growing tensions. Initially supported by Britain, the conflict eventually drew in the United States when Britain could no longer afford to maintain troops in Greece.
The Truman Doctrine, officially announced in March 1947, pledged U.S. support to any government resisting communism. This policy marked a definitive end to American isolationism and set the stage for the Marshall Plan.
Quote: "USA built up own 'sphere of influence' - group of pro-American states that included all of the world's richest industrial countries."
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Google Play
The app is very easy to use and well designed. I have found everything I was looking for so far and have been able to learn a lot from the presentations! I will definitely use the app for a class assignment! And of course it also helps a lot as an inspiration.
Stefan S
iOS user
This app is really great. There are so many study notes and help [...]. My problem subject is French, for example, and the app has so many options for help. Thanks to this app, I have improved my French. I would recommend it to anyone.
Samantha Klich
Android user
Wow, I am really amazed. I just tried the app because I've seen it advertised many times and was absolutely stunned. This app is THE HELP you want for school and above all, it offers so many things, such as workouts and fact sheets, which have been VERY helpful to me personally.
Anna
iOS user
I think it’s very much worth it and you’ll end up using it a lot once you get the hang of it and even after looking at others notes you can still ask your Artificial intelligence buddy the question and ask to simplify it if you still don’t get it!!! In the end I think it’s worth it 😊👍 ⚠️Also DID I MENTION ITS FREEE YOU DON’T HAVE TO PAY FOR ANYTHING AND STILL GET YOUR GRADES IN PERFECTLY❗️❗️⚠️
Thomas R
iOS user
Knowunity is the BEST app I’ve used in a minute. This is not an ai review or anything this is genuinely coming from a 7th grade student (I know 2011 im young) but dude this app is a 10/10 i have maintained a 3.8 gpa and have plenty of time for gaming. I love it and my mom is just happy I got good grades
Brad T
Android user
Not only did it help me find the answer but it also showed me alternative ways to solve it. I was horrible in math and science but now I have an a in both subjects. Thanks for the help🤍🤍
David K
iOS user
The app's just great! All I have to do is enter the topic in the search bar and I get the response real fast. I don't have to watch 10 YouTube videos to understand something, so I'm saving my time. Highly recommended!
Sudenaz Ocak
Android user
In school I was really bad at maths but thanks to the app, I am doing better now. I am so grateful that you made the app.
Greenlight Bonnie
Android user
I found this app a couple years ago and it has only gotten better since then. I really love it because it can help with written questions and photo questions. Also, it can find study guides that other people have made as well as flashcard sets and practice tests. The free version is also amazing for students who might not be able to afford it. Would 100% recommend
Aubrey
iOS user
Best app if you're in Highschool or Junior high. I have been using this app for 2 school years and it's the best, it's good if you don't have anyone to help you with school work.😋🩷🎀
Marco B
iOS user
THE QUIZES AND FLASHCARDS ARE SO USEFUL AND I LOVE THE SCHOOLGPT. IT ALSO IS LITREALLY LIKE CHATGPT BUT SMARTER!! HELPED ME WITH MY MASCARA PROBLEMS TOO!! AS WELL AS MY REAL SUBJECTS ! DUHHH 😍😁😲🤑💗✨🎀😮
Elisha
iOS user
This app is phenomenal down to the correct info and the various topics you can study! I greatly recommend it for people who struggle with procrastination and those who need homework help. It has been perfectly accurate for world 1 history as far as I’ve seen! Geometry too!
Paul T
iOS user
The app is very easy to use and well designed. I have found everything I was looking for so far and have been able to learn a lot from the presentations! I will definitely use the app for a class assignment! And of course it also helps a lot as an inspiration.
Stefan S
iOS user
This app is really great. There are so many study notes and help [...]. My problem subject is French, for example, and the app has so many options for help. Thanks to this app, I have improved my French. I would recommend it to anyone.
Samantha Klich
Android user
Wow, I am really amazed. I just tried the app because I've seen it advertised many times and was absolutely stunned. This app is THE HELP you want for school and above all, it offers so many things, such as workouts and fact sheets, which have been VERY helpful to me personally.
Anna
iOS user
I think it’s very much worth it and you’ll end up using it a lot once you get the hang of it and even after looking at others notes you can still ask your Artificial intelligence buddy the question and ask to simplify it if you still don’t get it!!! In the end I think it’s worth it 😊👍 ⚠️Also DID I MENTION ITS FREEE YOU DON’T HAVE TO PAY FOR ANYTHING AND STILL GET YOUR GRADES IN PERFECTLY❗️❗️⚠️
Thomas R
iOS user
Knowunity is the BEST app I’ve used in a minute. This is not an ai review or anything this is genuinely coming from a 7th grade student (I know 2011 im young) but dude this app is a 10/10 i have maintained a 3.8 gpa and have plenty of time for gaming. I love it and my mom is just happy I got good grades
Brad T
Android user
Not only did it help me find the answer but it also showed me alternative ways to solve it. I was horrible in math and science but now I have an a in both subjects. Thanks for the help🤍🤍
David K
iOS user
The app's just great! All I have to do is enter the topic in the search bar and I get the response real fast. I don't have to watch 10 YouTube videos to understand something, so I'm saving my time. Highly recommended!
Sudenaz Ocak
Android user
In school I was really bad at maths but thanks to the app, I am doing better now. I am so grateful that you made the app.
Greenlight Bonnie
Android user
I found this app a couple years ago and it has only gotten better since then. I really love it because it can help with written questions and photo questions. Also, it can find study guides that other people have made as well as flashcard sets and practice tests. The free version is also amazing for students who might not be able to afford it. Would 100% recommend
Aubrey
iOS user
Best app if you're in Highschool or Junior high. I have been using this app for 2 school years and it's the best, it's good if you don't have anyone to help you with school work.😋🩷🎀
Marco B
iOS user
THE QUIZES AND FLASHCARDS ARE SO USEFUL AND I LOVE THE SCHOOLGPT. IT ALSO IS LITREALLY LIKE CHATGPT BUT SMARTER!! HELPED ME WITH MY MASCARA PROBLEMS TOO!! AS WELL AS MY REAL SUBJECTS ! DUHHH 😍😁😲🤑💗✨🎀😮
Elisha
iOS user
This app is phenomenal down to the correct info and the various topics you can study! I greatly recommend it for people who struggle with procrastination and those who need homework help. It has been perfectly accurate for world 1 history as far as I’ve seen! Geometry too!
Paul T
iOS user
Marshall Plan and Truman Doctrine: Stopping Communism and Ending American Isolationism
The Marshall Plan and Truman Doctrine were pivotal U.S. foreign policy initiatives that marked the end of American isolationism and the beginning of active global engagement to counter the spread of communism after World War II. These policies shaped the... Show more
The Marshall Plan and Its Impact
The Marshall Plan, named after General George Marshall, was a practical implementation of the Truman Doctrine. It aimed to provide economic aid to war-torn countries in Western Europe to prevent the spread of communism.
Vocabulary: The Marshall Plan, officially known as the European Recovery Program, was a U.S. initiative to aid Western Europe in rebuilding after World War II.
General Marshall, after traveling through Western Europe in 1947, was shocked by the devastation and economic suffering he witnessed. The plan was designed to make capitalism more appealing than communism to the desperate and impoverished populations of these countries.
Between 1948 and 1952, the United States provided 13 billion given before the plan was officially enacted. This massive economic assistance was crucial in rebuilding Western Europe and strengthening its resistance to communist influence.
Highlight: The Marshall Plan distributed a total of $17 billion to help countries rebuild, including sending machinery to aid factory recovery and advisors to reconstruct transport systems.
The impact of the Marshall Plan was significant:
- It encouraged European countries to collaborate, leading to the formation of the Organisation for European Economic Co-operation by 16 participating nations.
- It deepened the division between Eastern and Western Europe, as Stalin refused to allow Soviet satellite states to accept Marshall Plan aid.
- It prompted a Soviet response in the form of Cominform in 1947 and Comecon in 1949.
Example: The Czechoslovakian leader's suspicious death in 1948 convinced the initially reluctant U.S. Congress to approve funding for the Marshall Plan, highlighting the perceived threat of communist expansion.
The Soviet Union criticized the Marshall Plan as "dollar imperialism," claiming the United States had selfish motives. In response, the USSR established:
- Cominform : A political organization to control communist countries and discourage contact with non-communist nations.
- Comecon : An economic organization to provide aid aligned with communist principles and coordinate industrial planning across Soviet satellite states.
Quote: "Stalin said USA had not it for selfish reasons 'dollar imperialism'"
These initiatives further solidified the division of Europe into distinct Western and Eastern blocs, setting the stage for decades of Cold War tensions.
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Access to all documents
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The End of American Isolationism
In the 1930s, the United States adhered to a policy of isolationism, seeking to avoid entanglement in international affairs. However, the spread of communism in Eastern Europe following World War II forced American politicians to abandon this stance and take a more active role in global politics.
Definition: Isolationism in U.S. history refers to the foreign policy approach of avoiding alliances with other nations and staying out of international conflicts.
The Soviet takeover of Eastern European countries alarmed the American government, prompting a significant shift in foreign policy. This change led the United States to build its own "sphere of influence," encompassing many of the world's wealthiest industrial nations.
Highlight: The breakdown of U.S. isolationism was primarily driven by the fear of communism spreading to Western Europe.
The post-World War II era presented distinct challenges for both the USSR and the USA:
- The Soviet Union feared American nuclear weapons and potential Western invasion.
- The United States worried about Western Europe turning communist.
In response, the USSR established "buffer states" across Eastern Europe, creating a communist bloc. The United States, under President Truman, developed the Truman Doctrine, which introduced the idea of containment to prevent the spread of communism.
Example: The Greek Civil War of 1944 between royalist and communist forces exemplified the growing tensions. Initially supported by Britain, the conflict eventually drew in the United States when Britain could no longer afford to maintain troops in Greece.
The Truman Doctrine, officially announced in March 1947, pledged U.S. support to any government resisting communism. This policy marked a definitive end to American isolationism and set the stage for the Marshall Plan.
Quote: "USA built up own 'sphere of influence' - group of pro-American states that included all of the world's richest industrial countries."
Can't find what you're looking for? Explore other subjects.
Students love us — and so will you.
4.9/5
App Store
4.8/5
Google Play
The app is very easy to use and well designed. I have found everything I was looking for so far and have been able to learn a lot from the presentations! I will definitely use the app for a class assignment! And of course it also helps a lot as an inspiration.
Stefan S
iOS user
This app is really great. There are so many study notes and help [...]. My problem subject is French, for example, and the app has so many options for help. Thanks to this app, I have improved my French. I would recommend it to anyone.
Samantha Klich
Android user
Wow, I am really amazed. I just tried the app because I've seen it advertised many times and was absolutely stunned. This app is THE HELP you want for school and above all, it offers so many things, such as workouts and fact sheets, which have been VERY helpful to me personally.
Anna
iOS user
I think it’s very much worth it and you’ll end up using it a lot once you get the hang of it and even after looking at others notes you can still ask your Artificial intelligence buddy the question and ask to simplify it if you still don’t get it!!! In the end I think it’s worth it 😊👍 ⚠️Also DID I MENTION ITS FREEE YOU DON’T HAVE TO PAY FOR ANYTHING AND STILL GET YOUR GRADES IN PERFECTLY❗️❗️⚠️
Thomas R
iOS user
Knowunity is the BEST app I’ve used in a minute. This is not an ai review or anything this is genuinely coming from a 7th grade student (I know 2011 im young) but dude this app is a 10/10 i have maintained a 3.8 gpa and have plenty of time for gaming. I love it and my mom is just happy I got good grades
Brad T
Android user
Not only did it help me find the answer but it also showed me alternative ways to solve it. I was horrible in math and science but now I have an a in both subjects. Thanks for the help🤍🤍
David K
iOS user
The app's just great! All I have to do is enter the topic in the search bar and I get the response real fast. I don't have to watch 10 YouTube videos to understand something, so I'm saving my time. Highly recommended!
Sudenaz Ocak
Android user
In school I was really bad at maths but thanks to the app, I am doing better now. I am so grateful that you made the app.
Greenlight Bonnie
Android user
I found this app a couple years ago and it has only gotten better since then. I really love it because it can help with written questions and photo questions. Also, it can find study guides that other people have made as well as flashcard sets and practice tests. The free version is also amazing for students who might not be able to afford it. Would 100% recommend
Aubrey
iOS user
Best app if you're in Highschool or Junior high. I have been using this app for 2 school years and it's the best, it's good if you don't have anyone to help you with school work.😋🩷🎀
Marco B
iOS user
THE QUIZES AND FLASHCARDS ARE SO USEFUL AND I LOVE THE SCHOOLGPT. IT ALSO IS LITREALLY LIKE CHATGPT BUT SMARTER!! HELPED ME WITH MY MASCARA PROBLEMS TOO!! AS WELL AS MY REAL SUBJECTS ! DUHHH 😍😁😲🤑💗✨🎀😮
Elisha
iOS user
This app is phenomenal down to the correct info and the various topics you can study! I greatly recommend it for people who struggle with procrastination and those who need homework help. It has been perfectly accurate for world 1 history as far as I’ve seen! Geometry too!
Paul T
iOS user
The app is very easy to use and well designed. I have found everything I was looking for so far and have been able to learn a lot from the presentations! I will definitely use the app for a class assignment! And of course it also helps a lot as an inspiration.
Stefan S
iOS user
This app is really great. There are so many study notes and help [...]. My problem subject is French, for example, and the app has so many options for help. Thanks to this app, I have improved my French. I would recommend it to anyone.
Samantha Klich
Android user
Wow, I am really amazed. I just tried the app because I've seen it advertised many times and was absolutely stunned. This app is THE HELP you want for school and above all, it offers so many things, such as workouts and fact sheets, which have been VERY helpful to me personally.
Anna
iOS user
I think it’s very much worth it and you’ll end up using it a lot once you get the hang of it and even after looking at others notes you can still ask your Artificial intelligence buddy the question and ask to simplify it if you still don’t get it!!! In the end I think it’s worth it 😊👍 ⚠️Also DID I MENTION ITS FREEE YOU DON’T HAVE TO PAY FOR ANYTHING AND STILL GET YOUR GRADES IN PERFECTLY❗️❗️⚠️
Thomas R
iOS user
Knowunity is the BEST app I’ve used in a minute. This is not an ai review or anything this is genuinely coming from a 7th grade student (I know 2011 im young) but dude this app is a 10/10 i have maintained a 3.8 gpa and have plenty of time for gaming. I love it and my mom is just happy I got good grades
Brad T
Android user
Not only did it help me find the answer but it also showed me alternative ways to solve it. I was horrible in math and science but now I have an a in both subjects. Thanks for the help🤍🤍
David K
iOS user
The app's just great! All I have to do is enter the topic in the search bar and I get the response real fast. I don't have to watch 10 YouTube videos to understand something, so I'm saving my time. Highly recommended!
Sudenaz Ocak
Android user
In school I was really bad at maths but thanks to the app, I am doing better now. I am so grateful that you made the app.
Greenlight Bonnie
Android user
I found this app a couple years ago and it has only gotten better since then. I really love it because it can help with written questions and photo questions. Also, it can find study guides that other people have made as well as flashcard sets and practice tests. The free version is also amazing for students who might not be able to afford it. Would 100% recommend
Aubrey
iOS user
Best app if you're in Highschool or Junior high. I have been using this app for 2 school years and it's the best, it's good if you don't have anyone to help you with school work.😋🩷🎀
Marco B
iOS user
THE QUIZES AND FLASHCARDS ARE SO USEFUL AND I LOVE THE SCHOOLGPT. IT ALSO IS LITREALLY LIKE CHATGPT BUT SMARTER!! HELPED ME WITH MY MASCARA PROBLEMS TOO!! AS WELL AS MY REAL SUBJECTS ! DUHHH 😍😁😲🤑💗✨🎀😮
Elisha
iOS user
This app is phenomenal down to the correct info and the various topics you can study! I greatly recommend it for people who struggle with procrastination and those who need homework help. It has been perfectly accurate for world 1 history as far as I’ve seen! Geometry too!
Paul T
iOS user