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426
โข
Jan 24, 2023
โข
๐ฏ๏ธ
@kiedis.kirkby
Enzymes are biological catalysts essential for controlling chemical reactions in... Show more
The activity of enzymes is heavily influenced by environmental factors, particularly temperature and pH. Understanding these influences is crucial for comprehending how enzymes act as biological catalysts in various biological processes.
Temperature significantly affects enzyme activity. Generally, raising the temperature increases the rate of chemical reactions, including those catalyzed by enzymes. However, there's a delicate balance to maintain:
Highlight: While raising the temperature can make reactions happen more quickly, excessive heat can damage living cells and denature enzymes.
When the temperature becomes too high, it can break the bonds that maintain the enzyme's three-dimensional structure. This change in shape can alter the active site, preventing the substrate from binding properly and thus inhibiting the enzyme's catalytic function.
pH is another critical factor affecting enzyme activity. Each enzyme has an optimal pH range where it functions most effectively:
Example: The enzyme pepsin, which aids in protein digestion in the stomach, works best at a highly acidic pH of around 2.
If the pH is too high or too low, it can interfere with the bonds that maintain the enzyme's structure, changing the shape of the active site. This pH-induced change can prevent the substrate from binding correctly, reducing or eliminating the enzyme's catalytic activity.
Vocabulary: The optimum pH is the specific pH level at which an enzyme functions most efficiently.
It's important to note that while many enzymes work best at a neutral pH of 7, this is not universal. Different enzymes have evolved to function optimally in various pH environments found in different parts of organisms or in different species.
Understanding these factors is crucial for studying how enzymes work in biological systems and for applications in biotechnology and medicine. By manipulating temperature and pH, scientists and engineers can optimize enzyme activity for various industrial and medical processes.
Enzymes are essential components of living systems, acting as biological catalysts to regulate the myriad of chemical reactions occurring within organisms. These large protein molecules are produced by living things to carefully control and accelerate specific chemical processes.
Definition: Enzymes are biological catalysts that increase the speed of chemical reactions in living organisms without being consumed in the process.
Enzymes are composed of long chains of amino acids, which give them their unique three-dimensional structure. This structure is crucial for their function, as it determines the shape of the enzyme's active site.
Vocabulary: The active site is the specific region on an enzyme where the substrate binds and the chemical reaction takes place.
One of the key characteristics of enzymes is their specificity. Most enzymes catalyze only one particular reaction or a group of closely related reactions. This specificity is due to the precise shape of the enzyme's active site, which allows only certain substrates to bind.
Example: The enzyme pepsin, which breaks down proteins in the stomach, has an active site specifically shaped to bind to protein molecules.
The process of enzyme-substrate binding follows the induced fit model. When a substrate approaches the enzyme's active site, the enzyme may slightly alter its shape to accommodate the substrate better, ensuring a more efficient catalytic process.
Highlight: The induced fit model explains how enzymes can slightly change their shape to better fit the substrate, enhancing the efficiency of the catalytic process.
Temperature and pH play crucial roles in enzyme function. Each enzyme has an optimal temperature and pH range where it works most effectively. Outside these optimal conditions, enzyme activity can be significantly reduced or even halted.
Quote: "If temperature is too high, some of the bonds holding the enzyme together break. Also changes shape of the enzyme's active site, so the substrate won't fit anymore."
App Store
Google Play
The app is very easy to use and well designed. I have found everything I was looking for so far and have been able to learn a lot from the presentations! I will definitely use the app for a class assignment! And of course it also helps a lot as an inspiration.
Stefan S
iOS user
This app is really great. There are so many study notes and help [...]. My problem subject is French, for example, and the app has so many options for help. Thanks to this app, I have improved my French. I would recommend it to anyone.
Samantha Klich
Android user
Wow, I am really amazed. I just tried the app because I've seen it advertised many times and was absolutely stunned. This app is THE HELP you want for school and above all, it offers so many things, such as workouts and fact sheets, which have been VERY helpful to me personally.
Anna
iOS user
I think itโs very much worth it and youโll end up using it a lot once you get the hang of it and even after looking at others notes you can still ask your Artificial intelligence buddy the question and ask to simplify it if you still donโt get it!!! In the end I think itโs worth it ๐๐ โ ๏ธAlso DID I MENTION ITS FREEE YOU DONโT HAVE TO PAY FOR ANYTHING AND STILL GET YOUR GRADES IN PERFECTLYโ๏ธโ๏ธโ ๏ธ
Thomas R
iOS user
Knowunity is the BEST app Iโve used in a minute. This is not an ai review or anything this is genuinely coming from a 7th grade student (I know 2011 im young) but dude this app is a 10/10 i have maintained a 3.8 gpa and have plenty of time for gaming. I love it and my mom is just happy I got good grades
Brad T
Android user
Not only did it help me find the answer but it also showed me alternative ways to solve it. I was horrible in math and science but now I have an a in both subjects. Thanks for the help๐ค๐ค
David K
iOS user
The app's just great! All I have to do is enter the topic in the search bar and I get the response real fast. I don't have to watch 10 YouTube videos to understand something, so I'm saving my time. Highly recommended!
Sudenaz Ocak
Android user
In school I was really bad at maths but thanks to the app, I am doing better now. I am so grateful that you made the app.
Greenlight Bonnie
Android user
I found this app a couple years ago and it has only gotten better since then. I really love it because it can help with written questions and photo questions. Also, it can find study guides that other people have made as well as flashcard sets and practice tests. The free version is also amazing for students who might not be able to afford it. Would 100% recommend
Aubrey
iOS user
Best app if you're in Highschool or Junior high. I have been using this app for 2 school years and it's the best, it's good if you don't have anyone to help you with school work.๐๐ฉท๐
Marco B
iOS user
THE QUIZES AND FLASHCARDS ARE SO USEFUL AND I LOVE THE SCHOOLGPT. IT ALSO IS LITREALLY LIKE CHATGPT BUT SMARTER!! HELPED ME WITH MY MASCARA PROBLEMS TOO!! AS WELL AS MY REAL SUBJECTS ! DUHHH ๐๐๐ฒ๐ค๐โจ๐๐ฎ
Elisha
iOS user
This app is phenomenal down to the correct info and the various topics you can study! I greatly recommend it for people who struggle with procrastination and those who need homework help. It has been perfectly accurate for world 1 history as far as Iโve seen! Geometry too!
Paul T
iOS user
The app is very easy to use and well designed. I have found everything I was looking for so far and have been able to learn a lot from the presentations! I will definitely use the app for a class assignment! And of course it also helps a lot as an inspiration.
Stefan S
iOS user
This app is really great. There are so many study notes and help [...]. My problem subject is French, for example, and the app has so many options for help. Thanks to this app, I have improved my French. I would recommend it to anyone.
Samantha Klich
Android user
Wow, I am really amazed. I just tried the app because I've seen it advertised many times and was absolutely stunned. This app is THE HELP you want for school and above all, it offers so many things, such as workouts and fact sheets, which have been VERY helpful to me personally.
Anna
iOS user
I think itโs very much worth it and youโll end up using it a lot once you get the hang of it and even after looking at others notes you can still ask your Artificial intelligence buddy the question and ask to simplify it if you still donโt get it!!! In the end I think itโs worth it ๐๐ โ ๏ธAlso DID I MENTION ITS FREEE YOU DONโT HAVE TO PAY FOR ANYTHING AND STILL GET YOUR GRADES IN PERFECTLYโ๏ธโ๏ธโ ๏ธ
Thomas R
iOS user
Knowunity is the BEST app Iโve used in a minute. This is not an ai review or anything this is genuinely coming from a 7th grade student (I know 2011 im young) but dude this app is a 10/10 i have maintained a 3.8 gpa and have plenty of time for gaming. I love it and my mom is just happy I got good grades
Brad T
Android user
Not only did it help me find the answer but it also showed me alternative ways to solve it. I was horrible in math and science but now I have an a in both subjects. Thanks for the help๐ค๐ค
David K
iOS user
The app's just great! All I have to do is enter the topic in the search bar and I get the response real fast. I don't have to watch 10 YouTube videos to understand something, so I'm saving my time. Highly recommended!
Sudenaz Ocak
Android user
In school I was really bad at maths but thanks to the app, I am doing better now. I am so grateful that you made the app.
Greenlight Bonnie
Android user
I found this app a couple years ago and it has only gotten better since then. I really love it because it can help with written questions and photo questions. Also, it can find study guides that other people have made as well as flashcard sets and practice tests. The free version is also amazing for students who might not be able to afford it. Would 100% recommend
Aubrey
iOS user
Best app if you're in Highschool or Junior high. I have been using this app for 2 school years and it's the best, it's good if you don't have anyone to help you with school work.๐๐ฉท๐
Marco B
iOS user
THE QUIZES AND FLASHCARDS ARE SO USEFUL AND I LOVE THE SCHOOLGPT. IT ALSO IS LITREALLY LIKE CHATGPT BUT SMARTER!! HELPED ME WITH MY MASCARA PROBLEMS TOO!! AS WELL AS MY REAL SUBJECTS ! DUHHH ๐๐๐ฒ๐ค๐โจ๐๐ฎ
Elisha
iOS user
This app is phenomenal down to the correct info and the various topics you can study! I greatly recommend it for people who struggle with procrastination and those who need homework help. It has been perfectly accurate for world 1 history as far as Iโve seen! Geometry too!
Paul T
iOS user
๐ฏ๏ธ
@kiedis.kirkby
Enzymes are biological catalysts essential for controlling chemical reactions in living organisms. They have specific active sites that allow them to catalyze particular reactions efficiently. The function of enzymes is influenced by factors such as temperature and pH, which affect... Show more
Access to all documents
Improve your grades
Join milions of students
By signing up you accept Terms of Service and Privacy Policy
The activity of enzymes is heavily influenced by environmental factors, particularly temperature and pH. Understanding these influences is crucial for comprehending how enzymes act as biological catalysts in various biological processes.
Temperature significantly affects enzyme activity. Generally, raising the temperature increases the rate of chemical reactions, including those catalyzed by enzymes. However, there's a delicate balance to maintain:
Highlight: While raising the temperature can make reactions happen more quickly, excessive heat can damage living cells and denature enzymes.
When the temperature becomes too high, it can break the bonds that maintain the enzyme's three-dimensional structure. This change in shape can alter the active site, preventing the substrate from binding properly and thus inhibiting the enzyme's catalytic function.
pH is another critical factor affecting enzyme activity. Each enzyme has an optimal pH range where it functions most effectively:
Example: The enzyme pepsin, which aids in protein digestion in the stomach, works best at a highly acidic pH of around 2.
If the pH is too high or too low, it can interfere with the bonds that maintain the enzyme's structure, changing the shape of the active site. This pH-induced change can prevent the substrate from binding correctly, reducing or eliminating the enzyme's catalytic activity.
Vocabulary: The optimum pH is the specific pH level at which an enzyme functions most efficiently.
It's important to note that while many enzymes work best at a neutral pH of 7, this is not universal. Different enzymes have evolved to function optimally in various pH environments found in different parts of organisms or in different species.
Understanding these factors is crucial for studying how enzymes work in biological systems and for applications in biotechnology and medicine. By manipulating temperature and pH, scientists and engineers can optimize enzyme activity for various industrial and medical processes.
Access to all documents
Improve your grades
Join milions of students
By signing up you accept Terms of Service and Privacy Policy
Enzymes are essential components of living systems, acting as biological catalysts to regulate the myriad of chemical reactions occurring within organisms. These large protein molecules are produced by living things to carefully control and accelerate specific chemical processes.
Definition: Enzymes are biological catalysts that increase the speed of chemical reactions in living organisms without being consumed in the process.
Enzymes are composed of long chains of amino acids, which give them their unique three-dimensional structure. This structure is crucial for their function, as it determines the shape of the enzyme's active site.
Vocabulary: The active site is the specific region on an enzyme where the substrate binds and the chemical reaction takes place.
One of the key characteristics of enzymes is their specificity. Most enzymes catalyze only one particular reaction or a group of closely related reactions. This specificity is due to the precise shape of the enzyme's active site, which allows only certain substrates to bind.
Example: The enzyme pepsin, which breaks down proteins in the stomach, has an active site specifically shaped to bind to protein molecules.
The process of enzyme-substrate binding follows the induced fit model. When a substrate approaches the enzyme's active site, the enzyme may slightly alter its shape to accommodate the substrate better, ensuring a more efficient catalytic process.
Highlight: The induced fit model explains how enzymes can slightly change their shape to better fit the substrate, enhancing the efficiency of the catalytic process.
Temperature and pH play crucial roles in enzyme function. Each enzyme has an optimal temperature and pH range where it works most effectively. Outside these optimal conditions, enzyme activity can be significantly reduced or even halted.
Quote: "If temperature is too high, some of the bonds holding the enzyme together break. Also changes shape of the enzyme's active site, so the substrate won't fit anymore."
App Store
Google Play
The app is very easy to use and well designed. I have found everything I was looking for so far and have been able to learn a lot from the presentations! I will definitely use the app for a class assignment! And of course it also helps a lot as an inspiration.
Stefan S
iOS user
This app is really great. There are so many study notes and help [...]. My problem subject is French, for example, and the app has so many options for help. Thanks to this app, I have improved my French. I would recommend it to anyone.
Samantha Klich
Android user
Wow, I am really amazed. I just tried the app because I've seen it advertised many times and was absolutely stunned. This app is THE HELP you want for school and above all, it offers so many things, such as workouts and fact sheets, which have been VERY helpful to me personally.
Anna
iOS user
I think itโs very much worth it and youโll end up using it a lot once you get the hang of it and even after looking at others notes you can still ask your Artificial intelligence buddy the question and ask to simplify it if you still donโt get it!!! In the end I think itโs worth it ๐๐ โ ๏ธAlso DID I MENTION ITS FREEE YOU DONโT HAVE TO PAY FOR ANYTHING AND STILL GET YOUR GRADES IN PERFECTLYโ๏ธโ๏ธโ ๏ธ
Thomas R
iOS user
Knowunity is the BEST app Iโve used in a minute. This is not an ai review or anything this is genuinely coming from a 7th grade student (I know 2011 im young) but dude this app is a 10/10 i have maintained a 3.8 gpa and have plenty of time for gaming. I love it and my mom is just happy I got good grades
Brad T
Android user
Not only did it help me find the answer but it also showed me alternative ways to solve it. I was horrible in math and science but now I have an a in both subjects. Thanks for the help๐ค๐ค
David K
iOS user
The app's just great! All I have to do is enter the topic in the search bar and I get the response real fast. I don't have to watch 10 YouTube videos to understand something, so I'm saving my time. Highly recommended!
Sudenaz Ocak
Android user
In school I was really bad at maths but thanks to the app, I am doing better now. I am so grateful that you made the app.
Greenlight Bonnie
Android user
I found this app a couple years ago and it has only gotten better since then. I really love it because it can help with written questions and photo questions. Also, it can find study guides that other people have made as well as flashcard sets and practice tests. The free version is also amazing for students who might not be able to afford it. Would 100% recommend
Aubrey
iOS user
Best app if you're in Highschool or Junior high. I have been using this app for 2 school years and it's the best, it's good if you don't have anyone to help you with school work.๐๐ฉท๐
Marco B
iOS user
THE QUIZES AND FLASHCARDS ARE SO USEFUL AND I LOVE THE SCHOOLGPT. IT ALSO IS LITREALLY LIKE CHATGPT BUT SMARTER!! HELPED ME WITH MY MASCARA PROBLEMS TOO!! AS WELL AS MY REAL SUBJECTS ! DUHHH ๐๐๐ฒ๐ค๐โจ๐๐ฎ
Elisha
iOS user
This app is phenomenal down to the correct info and the various topics you can study! I greatly recommend it for people who struggle with procrastination and those who need homework help. It has been perfectly accurate for world 1 history as far as Iโve seen! Geometry too!
Paul T
iOS user
The app is very easy to use and well designed. I have found everything I was looking for so far and have been able to learn a lot from the presentations! I will definitely use the app for a class assignment! And of course it also helps a lot as an inspiration.
Stefan S
iOS user
This app is really great. There are so many study notes and help [...]. My problem subject is French, for example, and the app has so many options for help. Thanks to this app, I have improved my French. I would recommend it to anyone.
Samantha Klich
Android user
Wow, I am really amazed. I just tried the app because I've seen it advertised many times and was absolutely stunned. This app is THE HELP you want for school and above all, it offers so many things, such as workouts and fact sheets, which have been VERY helpful to me personally.
Anna
iOS user
I think itโs very much worth it and youโll end up using it a lot once you get the hang of it and even after looking at others notes you can still ask your Artificial intelligence buddy the question and ask to simplify it if you still donโt get it!!! In the end I think itโs worth it ๐๐ โ ๏ธAlso DID I MENTION ITS FREEE YOU DONโT HAVE TO PAY FOR ANYTHING AND STILL GET YOUR GRADES IN PERFECTLYโ๏ธโ๏ธโ ๏ธ
Thomas R
iOS user
Knowunity is the BEST app Iโve used in a minute. This is not an ai review or anything this is genuinely coming from a 7th grade student (I know 2011 im young) but dude this app is a 10/10 i have maintained a 3.8 gpa and have plenty of time for gaming. I love it and my mom is just happy I got good grades
Brad T
Android user
Not only did it help me find the answer but it also showed me alternative ways to solve it. I was horrible in math and science but now I have an a in both subjects. Thanks for the help๐ค๐ค
David K
iOS user
The app's just great! All I have to do is enter the topic in the search bar and I get the response real fast. I don't have to watch 10 YouTube videos to understand something, so I'm saving my time. Highly recommended!
Sudenaz Ocak
Android user
In school I was really bad at maths but thanks to the app, I am doing better now. I am so grateful that you made the app.
Greenlight Bonnie
Android user
I found this app a couple years ago and it has only gotten better since then. I really love it because it can help with written questions and photo questions. Also, it can find study guides that other people have made as well as flashcard sets and practice tests. The free version is also amazing for students who might not be able to afford it. Would 100% recommend
Aubrey
iOS user
Best app if you're in Highschool or Junior high. I have been using this app for 2 school years and it's the best, it's good if you don't have anyone to help you with school work.๐๐ฉท๐
Marco B
iOS user
THE QUIZES AND FLASHCARDS ARE SO USEFUL AND I LOVE THE SCHOOLGPT. IT ALSO IS LITREALLY LIKE CHATGPT BUT SMARTER!! HELPED ME WITH MY MASCARA PROBLEMS TOO!! AS WELL AS MY REAL SUBJECTS ! DUHHH ๐๐๐ฒ๐ค๐โจ๐๐ฎ
Elisha
iOS user
This app is phenomenal down to the correct info and the various topics you can study! I greatly recommend it for people who struggle with procrastination and those who need homework help. It has been perfectly accurate for world 1 history as far as Iโve seen! Geometry too!
Paul T
iOS user
