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9/16/2025
Biology
Meiosis Notes PDF 2023
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Sep 16, 2025
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Meiosis Stages Diagram and Study Guide PDF 2023
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Stages of Meiosis
This section provides a detailed meiosis stages diagram, illustrating the entire process from the formation of a zygote to the production of gametes or meiospores.
Highlight: The diagram shows that meiosis is not a cycle, but a linear process resulting in four haploid cells from one diploid cell.
The stages are broken down as follows:
- Interphase (G1, S, G2)
- Prophase I
- Metaphase I
- Anaphase I
- Telophase I
- Prophase II
- Metaphase II
- Anaphase II
- Telophase II
Each stage is accompanied by detailed explanations of the cellular events occurring.
Interphase
Interphase is the preparatory stage for meiosis, consisting of three sub-phases:
- G1 (Growth 1): Cell growth and normal metabolic roles
- S (Synthesis): DNA replication occurs
- G2 (Growth 2): Further growth and preparation for meiosis
Highlight: During interphase, cells undergo DNA replication, growth, and preparation for meiosis.
Key cellular structures visible during interphase include the nucleolus, nuclear envelope, chromatin, and centrosomes with centrioles.
Prophase I
Prophase I is a critical stage in meiosis 1 stages, characterized by several important events:
- Synapsis: Pairing of homologous chromosomes
- Chromatin condensation: Shortening and thickening of chromatin into visible chromosomes
- Nuclear envelope breakdown
- Nucleolus disappearance
Vocabulary:
- Bivalent (Tetrad): Paired maternal and paternal homologous chromosomes, each with two chromatids
- Chiasma: Site of crossing-over between non-sister chromatids
Highlight: Crossing-over, a unique feature of meiosis, occurs during Prophase I, contributing to genetic diversity.
Metaphase I
During Metaphase I, the following events occur:
- Homologous chromosomes line up in pairs across the cell's equator
- Spindle fibers attach to the centromeres of the chromosomes
Vocabulary:
- Metaphase plate: The imaginary line along which chromosomes align during metaphase
- Meiotic spindle: The structure of microtubules that moves chromosomes during meiosis
This alignment is crucial for the proper distribution of genetic material in the subsequent stages.
Anaphase I
Anaphase I is characterized by the separation of homologous chromosomes:
- Homologous chromosomes are pulled apart towards opposite poles of the cell
- Centromeres do not divide at this stage
Highlight: This separation of homologous chromosomes is a key difference between meiosis and mitosis.
The movement of whole chromosomes (rather than individual chromatids) is unique to meiosis I.
Telophase I
Telophase I marks the end of the first meiotic division:
- Chromosomes arrive at the spindle poles
- Nuclear envelopes reform in some cells
- Each cell now has one of each homologous chromosome
- Cytokinesis occurs, splitting the cell into two daughter cells
Highlight: Unlike in mitosis, there is typically no interphase between Telophase I and the start of Meiosis II.
This stage results in two haploid cells, each containing half the number of chromosomes as the original cell.
Prophase II
Prophase II initiates the second meiotic division:
- Chromosomes shorten and thicken
- Nuclear envelope disappears
- No DNA replication occurs
Highlight: The absence of DNA replication between meiosis I and II is crucial for reducing the chromosome number.
This stage prepares the cell for the second division, which is more similar to mitosis.
Metaphase II
In Metaphase II:
- Chromosomes line up along the cell's equator
- Spindle fibers attach to the centromeres of each chromosome
This alignment is similar to mitosis, but with half the number of chromosomes.
Anaphase II
Anaphase II involves the separation of sister chromatids:
- Centromeres divide
- Sister chromatids separate and become individual chromosomes
- The separated chromatids move towards opposite poles of the cell
Highlight: This stage further reduces the genetic material in each future gamete.
Telophase II
Telophase II concludes the meiotic process:
- Nuclear envelopes form around each set of chromosomes
- Nucleoli reappear in each nucleus
- Chromosomes lengthen and become less distinct
- Cytokinesis occurs, forming four haploid cells
Highlight: The result of meiosis is four genetically unique haploid cells, each with half the chromosome number of the original cell.
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This app is really great. There are so many study notes and help [...]. My problem subject is French, for example, and the app has so many options for help. Thanks to this app, I have improved my French. I would recommend it to anyone.
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Wow, I am really amazed. I just tried the app because I've seen it advertised many times and was absolutely stunned. This app is THE HELP you want for school and above all, it offers so many things, such as workouts and fact sheets, which have been VERY helpful to me personally.
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I think it’s very much worth it and you’ll end up using it a lot once you get the hang of it and even after looking at others notes you can still ask your Artificial intelligence buddy the question and ask to simplify it if you still don’t get it!!! In the end I think it’s worth it 😊👍 ⚠️Also DID I MENTION ITS FREEE YOU DON’T HAVE TO PAY FOR ANYTHING AND STILL GET YOUR GRADES IN PERFECTLY❗️❗️⚠️
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Brad T
Android user
Not only did it help me find the answer but it also showed me alternative ways to solve it. I was horrible in math and science but now I have an a in both subjects. Thanks for the help🤍🤍
David K
iOS user
The app's just great! All I have to do is enter the topic in the search bar and I get the response real fast. I don't have to watch 10 YouTube videos to understand something, so I'm saving my time. Highly recommended!
Sudenaz Ocak
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Aubrey
iOS user
Best app if you're in Highschool or Junior high. I have been using this app for 2 school years and it's the best, it's good if you don't have anyone to help you with school work.😋🩷🎀
Marco B
iOS user
THE QUIZES AND FLASHCARDS ARE SO USEFUL AND I LOVE THE SCHOOLGPT. IT ALSO IS LITREALLY LIKE CHATGPT BUT SMARTER!! HELPED ME WITH MY MASCARA PROBLEMS TOO!! AS WELL AS MY REAL SUBJECTS ! DUHHH 😍😁😲🤑💗✨🎀😮
Elisha
iOS user
This app is phenomenal down to the correct info and the various topics you can study! I greatly recommend it for people who struggle with procrastination and those who need homework help. It has been perfectly accurate for world 1 history as far as I’ve seen! Geometry too!
Paul T
iOS user
The app is very easy to use and well designed. I have found everything I was looking for so far and have been able to learn a lot from the presentations! I will definitely use the app for a class assignment! And of course it also helps a lot as an inspiration.
Stefan S
iOS user
This app is really great. There are so many study notes and help [...]. My problem subject is French, for example, and the app has so many options for help. Thanks to this app, I have improved my French. I would recommend it to anyone.
Samantha Klich
Android user
Wow, I am really amazed. I just tried the app because I've seen it advertised many times and was absolutely stunned. This app is THE HELP you want for school and above all, it offers so many things, such as workouts and fact sheets, which have been VERY helpful to me personally.
Anna
iOS user
I think it’s very much worth it and you’ll end up using it a lot once you get the hang of it and even after looking at others notes you can still ask your Artificial intelligence buddy the question and ask to simplify it if you still don’t get it!!! In the end I think it’s worth it 😊👍 ⚠️Also DID I MENTION ITS FREEE YOU DON’T HAVE TO PAY FOR ANYTHING AND STILL GET YOUR GRADES IN PERFECTLY❗️❗️⚠️
Thomas R
iOS user
Knowunity is the BEST app I’ve used in a minute. This is not an ai review or anything this is genuinely coming from a 7th grade student (I know 2011 im young) but dude this app is a 10/10 i have maintained a 3.8 gpa and have plenty of time for gaming. I love it and my mom is just happy I got good grades
Brad T
Android user
Not only did it help me find the answer but it also showed me alternative ways to solve it. I was horrible in math and science but now I have an a in both subjects. Thanks for the help🤍🤍
David K
iOS user
The app's just great! All I have to do is enter the topic in the search bar and I get the response real fast. I don't have to watch 10 YouTube videos to understand something, so I'm saving my time. Highly recommended!
Sudenaz Ocak
Android user
In school I was really bad at maths but thanks to the app, I am doing better now. I am so grateful that you made the app.
Greenlight Bonnie
Android user
I found this app a couple years ago and it has only gotten better since then. I really love it because it can help with written questions and photo questions. Also, it can find study guides that other people have made as well as flashcard sets and practice tests. The free version is also amazing for students who might not be able to afford it. Would 100% recommend
Aubrey
iOS user
Best app if you're in Highschool or Junior high. I have been using this app for 2 school years and it's the best, it's good if you don't have anyone to help you with school work.😋🩷🎀
Marco B
iOS user
THE QUIZES AND FLASHCARDS ARE SO USEFUL AND I LOVE THE SCHOOLGPT. IT ALSO IS LITREALLY LIKE CHATGPT BUT SMARTER!! HELPED ME WITH MY MASCARA PROBLEMS TOO!! AS WELL AS MY REAL SUBJECTS ! DUHHH 😍😁😲🤑💗✨🎀😮
Elisha
iOS user
This app is phenomenal down to the correct info and the various topics you can study! I greatly recommend it for people who struggle with procrastination and those who need homework help. It has been perfectly accurate for world 1 history as far as I’ve seen! Geometry too!
Paul T
iOS user
Meiosis Stages Diagram and Study Guide PDF 2023
C
@cnnotes
Meiosis is a crucial process in sexual reproduction that reduces chromosome numbers by half. This detailed guide covers the stages of meiosis in order, including meiosis 1 stages and meiosis 2, with comprehensive explanations and diagrams.
• Key... Show more
Stages of Meiosis
This section provides a detailed meiosis stages diagram, illustrating the entire process from the formation of a zygote to the production of gametes or meiospores.
Highlight: The diagram shows that meiosis is not a cycle, but a linear process resulting in four haploid cells from one diploid cell.
The stages are broken down as follows:
- Interphase (G1, S, G2)
- Prophase I
- Metaphase I
- Anaphase I
- Telophase I
- Prophase II
- Metaphase II
- Anaphase II
- Telophase II
Each stage is accompanied by detailed explanations of the cellular events occurring.
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By signing up you accept Terms of Service and Privacy Policy
Interphase
Interphase is the preparatory stage for meiosis, consisting of three sub-phases:
- G1 (Growth 1): Cell growth and normal metabolic roles
- S (Synthesis): DNA replication occurs
- G2 (Growth 2): Further growth and preparation for meiosis
Highlight: During interphase, cells undergo DNA replication, growth, and preparation for meiosis.
Key cellular structures visible during interphase include the nucleolus, nuclear envelope, chromatin, and centrosomes with centrioles.
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Prophase I
Prophase I is a critical stage in meiosis 1 stages, characterized by several important events:
- Synapsis: Pairing of homologous chromosomes
- Chromatin condensation: Shortening and thickening of chromatin into visible chromosomes
- Nuclear envelope breakdown
- Nucleolus disappearance
Vocabulary:
- Bivalent (Tetrad): Paired maternal and paternal homologous chromosomes, each with two chromatids
- Chiasma: Site of crossing-over between non-sister chromatids
Highlight: Crossing-over, a unique feature of meiosis, occurs during Prophase I, contributing to genetic diversity.
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Metaphase I
During Metaphase I, the following events occur:
- Homologous chromosomes line up in pairs across the cell's equator
- Spindle fibers attach to the centromeres of the chromosomes
Vocabulary:
- Metaphase plate: The imaginary line along which chromosomes align during metaphase
- Meiotic spindle: The structure of microtubules that moves chromosomes during meiosis
This alignment is crucial for the proper distribution of genetic material in the subsequent stages.
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Anaphase I
Anaphase I is characterized by the separation of homologous chromosomes:
- Homologous chromosomes are pulled apart towards opposite poles of the cell
- Centromeres do not divide at this stage
Highlight: This separation of homologous chromosomes is a key difference between meiosis and mitosis.
The movement of whole chromosomes (rather than individual chromatids) is unique to meiosis I.
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Telophase I
Telophase I marks the end of the first meiotic division:
- Chromosomes arrive at the spindle poles
- Nuclear envelopes reform in some cells
- Each cell now has one of each homologous chromosome
- Cytokinesis occurs, splitting the cell into two daughter cells
Highlight: Unlike in mitosis, there is typically no interphase between Telophase I and the start of Meiosis II.
This stage results in two haploid cells, each containing half the number of chromosomes as the original cell.
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Prophase II
Prophase II initiates the second meiotic division:
- Chromosomes shorten and thicken
- Nuclear envelope disappears
- No DNA replication occurs
Highlight: The absence of DNA replication between meiosis I and II is crucial for reducing the chromosome number.
This stage prepares the cell for the second division, which is more similar to mitosis.
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Metaphase II
In Metaphase II:
- Chromosomes line up along the cell's equator
- Spindle fibers attach to the centromeres of each chromosome
This alignment is similar to mitosis, but with half the number of chromosomes.
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By signing up you accept Terms of Service and Privacy Policy
Anaphase II
Anaphase II involves the separation of sister chromatids:
- Centromeres divide
- Sister chromatids separate and become individual chromosomes
- The separated chromatids move towards opposite poles of the cell
Highlight: This stage further reduces the genetic material in each future gamete.
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Improve your grades
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Telophase II
Telophase II concludes the meiotic process:
- Nuclear envelopes form around each set of chromosomes
- Nucleoli reappear in each nucleus
- Chromosomes lengthen and become less distinct
- Cytokinesis occurs, forming four haploid cells
Highlight: The result of meiosis is four genetically unique haploid cells, each with half the chromosome number of the original cell.
We thought you’d never ask...
What is the Knowunity AI companion?
Our AI companion is specifically built for the needs of students. Based on the millions of content pieces we have on the platform we can provide truly meaningful and relevant answers to students. But its not only about answers, the companion is even more about guiding students through their daily learning challenges, with personalised study plans, quizzes or content pieces in the chat and 100% personalisation based on the students skills and developments.
Where can I download the Knowunity app?
You can download the app in the Google Play Store and in the Apple App Store.
Is Knowunity really free of charge?
That's right! Enjoy free access to study content, connect with fellow students, and get instant help – all at your fingertips.
Smart Tools NEW
Transform this note into: ✓ 50+ Practice Questions ✓ Interactive Flashcards ✓ Full Mock Exam ✓ Essay Outlines
Mock Exam
Quiz
Flashcards
Essay
Can't find what you're looking for? Explore other subjects.
Students love us — and so will you.
4.9/5
App Store
4.8/5
Google Play
The app is very easy to use and well designed. I have found everything I was looking for so far and have been able to learn a lot from the presentations! I will definitely use the app for a class assignment! And of course it also helps a lot as an inspiration.
Stefan S
iOS user
This app is really great. There are so many study notes and help [...]. My problem subject is French, for example, and the app has so many options for help. Thanks to this app, I have improved my French. I would recommend it to anyone.
Samantha Klich
Android user
Wow, I am really amazed. I just tried the app because I've seen it advertised many times and was absolutely stunned. This app is THE HELP you want for school and above all, it offers so many things, such as workouts and fact sheets, which have been VERY helpful to me personally.
Anna
iOS user
I think it’s very much worth it and you’ll end up using it a lot once you get the hang of it and even after looking at others notes you can still ask your Artificial intelligence buddy the question and ask to simplify it if you still don’t get it!!! In the end I think it’s worth it 😊👍 ⚠️Also DID I MENTION ITS FREEE YOU DON’T HAVE TO PAY FOR ANYTHING AND STILL GET YOUR GRADES IN PERFECTLY❗️❗️⚠️
Thomas R
iOS user
Knowunity is the BEST app I’ve used in a minute. This is not an ai review or anything this is genuinely coming from a 7th grade student (I know 2011 im young) but dude this app is a 10/10 i have maintained a 3.8 gpa and have plenty of time for gaming. I love it and my mom is just happy I got good grades
Brad T
Android user
Not only did it help me find the answer but it also showed me alternative ways to solve it. I was horrible in math and science but now I have an a in both subjects. Thanks for the help🤍🤍
David K
iOS user
The app's just great! All I have to do is enter the topic in the search bar and I get the response real fast. I don't have to watch 10 YouTube videos to understand something, so I'm saving my time. Highly recommended!
Sudenaz Ocak
Android user
In school I was really bad at maths but thanks to the app, I am doing better now. I am so grateful that you made the app.
Greenlight Bonnie
Android user
I found this app a couple years ago and it has only gotten better since then. I really love it because it can help with written questions and photo questions. Also, it can find study guides that other people have made as well as flashcard sets and practice tests. The free version is also amazing for students who might not be able to afford it. Would 100% recommend
Aubrey
iOS user
Best app if you're in Highschool or Junior high. I have been using this app for 2 school years and it's the best, it's good if you don't have anyone to help you with school work.😋🩷🎀
Marco B
iOS user
THE QUIZES AND FLASHCARDS ARE SO USEFUL AND I LOVE THE SCHOOLGPT. IT ALSO IS LITREALLY LIKE CHATGPT BUT SMARTER!! HELPED ME WITH MY MASCARA PROBLEMS TOO!! AS WELL AS MY REAL SUBJECTS ! DUHHH 😍😁😲🤑💗✨🎀😮
Elisha
iOS user
This app is phenomenal down to the correct info and the various topics you can study! I greatly recommend it for people who struggle with procrastination and those who need homework help. It has been perfectly accurate for world 1 history as far as I’ve seen! Geometry too!
Paul T
iOS user
The app is very easy to use and well designed. I have found everything I was looking for so far and have been able to learn a lot from the presentations! I will definitely use the app for a class assignment! And of course it also helps a lot as an inspiration.
Stefan S
iOS user
This app is really great. There are so many study notes and help [...]. My problem subject is French, for example, and the app has so many options for help. Thanks to this app, I have improved my French. I would recommend it to anyone.
Samantha Klich
Android user
Wow, I am really amazed. I just tried the app because I've seen it advertised many times and was absolutely stunned. This app is THE HELP you want for school and above all, it offers so many things, such as workouts and fact sheets, which have been VERY helpful to me personally.
Anna
iOS user
I think it’s very much worth it and you’ll end up using it a lot once you get the hang of it and even after looking at others notes you can still ask your Artificial intelligence buddy the question and ask to simplify it if you still don’t get it!!! In the end I think it’s worth it 😊👍 ⚠️Also DID I MENTION ITS FREEE YOU DON’T HAVE TO PAY FOR ANYTHING AND STILL GET YOUR GRADES IN PERFECTLY❗️❗️⚠️
Thomas R
iOS user
Knowunity is the BEST app I’ve used in a minute. This is not an ai review or anything this is genuinely coming from a 7th grade student (I know 2011 im young) but dude this app is a 10/10 i have maintained a 3.8 gpa and have plenty of time for gaming. I love it and my mom is just happy I got good grades
Brad T
Android user
Not only did it help me find the answer but it also showed me alternative ways to solve it. I was horrible in math and science but now I have an a in both subjects. Thanks for the help🤍🤍
David K
iOS user
The app's just great! All I have to do is enter the topic in the search bar and I get the response real fast. I don't have to watch 10 YouTube videos to understand something, so I'm saving my time. Highly recommended!
Sudenaz Ocak
Android user
In school I was really bad at maths but thanks to the app, I am doing better now. I am so grateful that you made the app.
Greenlight Bonnie
Android user
I found this app a couple years ago and it has only gotten better since then. I really love it because it can help with written questions and photo questions. Also, it can find study guides that other people have made as well as flashcard sets and practice tests. The free version is also amazing for students who might not be able to afford it. Would 100% recommend
Aubrey
iOS user
Best app if you're in Highschool or Junior high. I have been using this app for 2 school years and it's the best, it's good if you don't have anyone to help you with school work.😋🩷🎀
Marco B
iOS user
THE QUIZES AND FLASHCARDS ARE SO USEFUL AND I LOVE THE SCHOOLGPT. IT ALSO IS LITREALLY LIKE CHATGPT BUT SMARTER!! HELPED ME WITH MY MASCARA PROBLEMS TOO!! AS WELL AS MY REAL SUBJECTS ! DUHHH 😍😁😲🤑💗✨🎀😮
Elisha
iOS user
This app is phenomenal down to the correct info and the various topics you can study! I greatly recommend it for people who struggle with procrastination and those who need homework help. It has been perfectly accurate for world 1 history as far as I’ve seen! Geometry too!
Paul T
iOS user