Subjects

Careers

Open the App

Subjects

Fun with Frameshift Mutations and Gene Changes: Easy Examples

5

0

user profile picture

Cara Brogan

10/21/2022

Biology

mutations mindmap

39

Oct 21, 2022

1 page

Fun with Frameshift Mutations and Gene Changes: Easy Examples

user profile picture

Cara Brogan

@carabrogan_ohqz

Frameshift mutations are significant genetic alterations that can profoundly impact... Show more

frameshift mutations
Deletion & insertion are
Frameshift mutations because
they lead to major change in the
Sequence of amino acids.
What is

Frameshift Mutations and Their Impact on Gene Expression

Frameshift mutations are a type of genetic alteration that can have significant consequences on protein expression and function. This page provides an overview of different types of mutations, their causes, and their effects on gene expression and protein synthesis.

Definition: A mutation is a change in the genome (entire DNA), which can be very serious and often fatal.

Mutations can be categorized into chromosome mutations and single gene mutations. Chromosome mutations can result in no protein being expressed or altered protein expression.

Highlight: Frameshift mutations impact on amino acid sequence by affecting every codon after the point of mutation. This occurs because nucleotides are either pushed along one space (insertion) or pulled back one space (deletion).

Causes of mutations include:

  1. Random or spontaneous occurrences
  2. Environmental factors such as X-rays, UV light, and mustard gas, which can increase the risk of mutations

Single gene mutations can be further classified into:

  1. Deletion: Removal of nucleotides from DNA
  2. Insertion: Addition of nucleotides to DNA
  3. Substitution: Change in nucleotides in DNA (also known as point mutations)

Example: A frameshift mutation example could be the deletion of a single nucleotide in a gene, causing all subsequent codons to be misread during protein synthesis.

These mutations can be further categorized into:

  1. Missense mutations: One amino acid codon is replaced with another
  2. Nonsense mutations: A substitution codes for a premature stop codon instead of an amino acid
  3. Splice site mutations: An intron is left in the mature mRNA transcript, or an exon is not included

Vocabulary: Gene expression refers to the process by which information from a gene is used to synthesize a functional gene product, usually a protein.

The effects of these mutations on protein function can vary:

  1. Missense mutations may result in a non-functional protein or have little effect
  2. Nonsense mutations typically lead to non-functional proteins
  3. Splice site mutations result in altered proteins that would not function normally

Highlight: Understanding the effects of frameshift mutation is crucial in comprehending genetic disorders and evolutionary processes.

Chromosome mutations include:

  1. Deletion: Loss of a chromosome segment
  2. Duplication: A section of chromosome is inadvertently copied twice during DNA replication
  3. Inversion: A section of chromosome is turned around, reversing the normal gene sequence
  4. Translocation: A deleted section of one chromosome is inadvertently attached to a different, non-homologous chromosome

Example: A frameshift mutation example disease could be cystic fibrosis, which can be caused by a deletion of three nucleotides in the CFTR gene.

Mutations have evolutionary importance as they are the only source of new alleles. In some cases, when genes are accidentally duplicated, a beneficial mutation can be created while the original gene continues to function normally.

Highlight: Why is gene expression important? It's crucial for understanding how genetic information is translated into functional proteins, which are essential for all biological processes.



We thought you’d never ask...

What is the Knowunity AI companion?

Our AI companion is specifically built for the needs of students. Based on the millions of content pieces we have on the platform we can provide truly meaningful and relevant answers to students. But its not only about answers, the companion is even more about guiding students through their daily learning challenges, with personalised study plans, quizzes or content pieces in the chat and 100% personalisation based on the students skills and developments.

Where can I download the Knowunity app?

You can download the app in the Google Play Store and in the Apple App Store.

Is Knowunity really free of charge?

That's right! Enjoy free access to study content, connect with fellow students, and get instant help – all at your fingertips.

Can't find what you're looking for? Explore other subjects.

Students love us — and so will you.

4.9/5

App Store

4.8/5

Google Play

The app is very easy to use and well designed. I have found everything I was looking for so far and have been able to learn a lot from the presentations! I will definitely use the app for a class assignment! And of course it also helps a lot as an inspiration.

Stefan S

iOS user

This app is really great. There are so many study notes and help [...]. My problem subject is French, for example, and the app has so many options for help. Thanks to this app, I have improved my French. I would recommend it to anyone.

Samantha Klich

Android user

Wow, I am really amazed. I just tried the app because I've seen it advertised many times and was absolutely stunned. This app is THE HELP you want for school and above all, it offers so many things, such as workouts and fact sheets, which have been VERY helpful to me personally.

Anna

iOS user

I think it’s very much worth it and you’ll end up using it a lot once you get the hang of it and even after looking at others notes you can still ask your Artificial intelligence buddy the question and ask to simplify it if you still don’t get it!!! In the end I think it’s worth it 😊👍 ⚠️Also DID I MENTION ITS FREEE YOU DON’T HAVE TO PAY FOR ANYTHING AND STILL GET YOUR GRADES IN PERFECTLY❗️❗️⚠️

Thomas R

iOS user

Knowunity is the BEST app I’ve used in a minute. This is not an ai review or anything this is genuinely coming from a 7th grade student (I know 2011 im young) but dude this app is a 10/10 i have maintained a 3.8 gpa and have plenty of time for gaming. I love it and my mom is just happy I got good grades

Brad T

Android user

Not only did it help me find the answer but it also showed me alternative ways to solve it. I was horrible in math and science but now I have an a in both subjects. Thanks for the help🤍🤍

David K

iOS user

The app's just great! All I have to do is enter the topic in the search bar and I get the response real fast. I don't have to watch 10 YouTube videos to understand something, so I'm saving my time. Highly recommended!

Sudenaz Ocak

Android user

In school I was really bad at maths but thanks to the app, I am doing better now. I am so grateful that you made the app.

Greenlight Bonnie

Android user

I found this app a couple years ago and it has only gotten better since then. I really love it because it can help with written questions and photo questions. Also, it can find study guides that other people have made as well as flashcard sets and practice tests. The free version is also amazing for students who might not be able to afford it. Would 100% recommend

Aubrey

iOS user

Best app if you're in Highschool or Junior high. I have been using this app for 2 school years and it's the best, it's good if you don't have anyone to help you with school work.😋🩷🎀

Marco B

iOS user

THE QUIZES AND FLASHCARDS ARE SO USEFUL AND I LOVE THE SCHOOLGPT. IT ALSO IS LITREALLY LIKE CHATGPT BUT SMARTER!! HELPED ME WITH MY MASCARA PROBLEMS TOO!! AS WELL AS MY REAL SUBJECTS ! DUHHH 😍😁😲🤑💗✨🎀😮

Elisha

iOS user

This app is phenomenal down to the correct info and the various topics you can study! I greatly recommend it for people who struggle with procrastination and those who need homework help. It has been perfectly accurate for world 1 history as far as I’ve seen! Geometry too!

Paul T

iOS user

The app is very easy to use and well designed. I have found everything I was looking for so far and have been able to learn a lot from the presentations! I will definitely use the app for a class assignment! And of course it also helps a lot as an inspiration.

Stefan S

iOS user

This app is really great. There are so many study notes and help [...]. My problem subject is French, for example, and the app has so many options for help. Thanks to this app, I have improved my French. I would recommend it to anyone.

Samantha Klich

Android user

Wow, I am really amazed. I just tried the app because I've seen it advertised many times and was absolutely stunned. This app is THE HELP you want for school and above all, it offers so many things, such as workouts and fact sheets, which have been VERY helpful to me personally.

Anna

iOS user

I think it’s very much worth it and you’ll end up using it a lot once you get the hang of it and even after looking at others notes you can still ask your Artificial intelligence buddy the question and ask to simplify it if you still don’t get it!!! In the end I think it’s worth it 😊👍 ⚠️Also DID I MENTION ITS FREEE YOU DON’T HAVE TO PAY FOR ANYTHING AND STILL GET YOUR GRADES IN PERFECTLY❗️❗️⚠️

Thomas R

iOS user

Knowunity is the BEST app I’ve used in a minute. This is not an ai review or anything this is genuinely coming from a 7th grade student (I know 2011 im young) but dude this app is a 10/10 i have maintained a 3.8 gpa and have plenty of time for gaming. I love it and my mom is just happy I got good grades

Brad T

Android user

Not only did it help me find the answer but it also showed me alternative ways to solve it. I was horrible in math and science but now I have an a in both subjects. Thanks for the help🤍🤍

David K

iOS user

The app's just great! All I have to do is enter the topic in the search bar and I get the response real fast. I don't have to watch 10 YouTube videos to understand something, so I'm saving my time. Highly recommended!

Sudenaz Ocak

Android user

In school I was really bad at maths but thanks to the app, I am doing better now. I am so grateful that you made the app.

Greenlight Bonnie

Android user

I found this app a couple years ago and it has only gotten better since then. I really love it because it can help with written questions and photo questions. Also, it can find study guides that other people have made as well as flashcard sets and practice tests. The free version is also amazing for students who might not be able to afford it. Would 100% recommend

Aubrey

iOS user

Best app if you're in Highschool or Junior high. I have been using this app for 2 school years and it's the best, it's good if you don't have anyone to help you with school work.😋🩷🎀

Marco B

iOS user

THE QUIZES AND FLASHCARDS ARE SO USEFUL AND I LOVE THE SCHOOLGPT. IT ALSO IS LITREALLY LIKE CHATGPT BUT SMARTER!! HELPED ME WITH MY MASCARA PROBLEMS TOO!! AS WELL AS MY REAL SUBJECTS ! DUHHH 😍😁😲🤑💗✨🎀😮

Elisha

iOS user

This app is phenomenal down to the correct info and the various topics you can study! I greatly recommend it for people who struggle with procrastination and those who need homework help. It has been perfectly accurate for world 1 history as far as I’ve seen! Geometry too!

Paul T

iOS user

 

Biology

39

Oct 21, 2022

1 page

Fun with Frameshift Mutations and Gene Changes: Easy Examples

user profile picture

Cara Brogan

@carabrogan_ohqz

Frameshift mutations are significant genetic alterations that can profoundly impact protein expression and function. These mutations, including deletions and insertions, cause major changes in amino acid sequences, potentially leading to non-functional or altered proteins. This summary explores various types of... Show more

frameshift mutations
Deletion & insertion are
Frameshift mutations because
they lead to major change in the
Sequence of amino acids.
What is

Sign up to see the contentIt's free!

Access to all documents

Improve your grades

Join milions of students

By signing up you accept Terms of Service and Privacy Policy

Frameshift Mutations and Their Impact on Gene Expression

Frameshift mutations are a type of genetic alteration that can have significant consequences on protein expression and function. This page provides an overview of different types of mutations, their causes, and their effects on gene expression and protein synthesis.

Definition: A mutation is a change in the genome (entire DNA), which can be very serious and often fatal.

Mutations can be categorized into chromosome mutations and single gene mutations. Chromosome mutations can result in no protein being expressed or altered protein expression.

Highlight: Frameshift mutations impact on amino acid sequence by affecting every codon after the point of mutation. This occurs because nucleotides are either pushed along one space (insertion) or pulled back one space (deletion).

Causes of mutations include:

  1. Random or spontaneous occurrences
  2. Environmental factors such as X-rays, UV light, and mustard gas, which can increase the risk of mutations

Single gene mutations can be further classified into:

  1. Deletion: Removal of nucleotides from DNA
  2. Insertion: Addition of nucleotides to DNA
  3. Substitution: Change in nucleotides in DNA (also known as point mutations)

Example: A frameshift mutation example could be the deletion of a single nucleotide in a gene, causing all subsequent codons to be misread during protein synthesis.

These mutations can be further categorized into:

  1. Missense mutations: One amino acid codon is replaced with another
  2. Nonsense mutations: A substitution codes for a premature stop codon instead of an amino acid
  3. Splice site mutations: An intron is left in the mature mRNA transcript, or an exon is not included

Vocabulary: Gene expression refers to the process by which information from a gene is used to synthesize a functional gene product, usually a protein.

The effects of these mutations on protein function can vary:

  1. Missense mutations may result in a non-functional protein or have little effect
  2. Nonsense mutations typically lead to non-functional proteins
  3. Splice site mutations result in altered proteins that would not function normally

Highlight: Understanding the effects of frameshift mutation is crucial in comprehending genetic disorders and evolutionary processes.

Chromosome mutations include:

  1. Deletion: Loss of a chromosome segment
  2. Duplication: A section of chromosome is inadvertently copied twice during DNA replication
  3. Inversion: A section of chromosome is turned around, reversing the normal gene sequence
  4. Translocation: A deleted section of one chromosome is inadvertently attached to a different, non-homologous chromosome

Example: A frameshift mutation example disease could be cystic fibrosis, which can be caused by a deletion of three nucleotides in the CFTR gene.

Mutations have evolutionary importance as they are the only source of new alleles. In some cases, when genes are accidentally duplicated, a beneficial mutation can be created while the original gene continues to function normally.

Highlight: Why is gene expression important? It's crucial for understanding how genetic information is translated into functional proteins, which are essential for all biological processes.

We thought you’d never ask...

What is the Knowunity AI companion?

Our AI companion is specifically built for the needs of students. Based on the millions of content pieces we have on the platform we can provide truly meaningful and relevant answers to students. But its not only about answers, the companion is even more about guiding students through their daily learning challenges, with personalised study plans, quizzes or content pieces in the chat and 100% personalisation based on the students skills and developments.

Where can I download the Knowunity app?

You can download the app in the Google Play Store and in the Apple App Store.

Is Knowunity really free of charge?

That's right! Enjoy free access to study content, connect with fellow students, and get instant help – all at your fingertips.

Can't find what you're looking for? Explore other subjects.

Students love us — and so will you.

4.9/5

App Store

4.8/5

Google Play

The app is very easy to use and well designed. I have found everything I was looking for so far and have been able to learn a lot from the presentations! I will definitely use the app for a class assignment! And of course it also helps a lot as an inspiration.

Stefan S

iOS user

This app is really great. There are so many study notes and help [...]. My problem subject is French, for example, and the app has so many options for help. Thanks to this app, I have improved my French. I would recommend it to anyone.

Samantha Klich

Android user

Wow, I am really amazed. I just tried the app because I've seen it advertised many times and was absolutely stunned. This app is THE HELP you want for school and above all, it offers so many things, such as workouts and fact sheets, which have been VERY helpful to me personally.

Anna

iOS user

I think it’s very much worth it and you’ll end up using it a lot once you get the hang of it and even after looking at others notes you can still ask your Artificial intelligence buddy the question and ask to simplify it if you still don’t get it!!! In the end I think it’s worth it 😊👍 ⚠️Also DID I MENTION ITS FREEE YOU DON’T HAVE TO PAY FOR ANYTHING AND STILL GET YOUR GRADES IN PERFECTLY❗️❗️⚠️

Thomas R

iOS user

Knowunity is the BEST app I’ve used in a minute. This is not an ai review or anything this is genuinely coming from a 7th grade student (I know 2011 im young) but dude this app is a 10/10 i have maintained a 3.8 gpa and have plenty of time for gaming. I love it and my mom is just happy I got good grades

Brad T

Android user

Not only did it help me find the answer but it also showed me alternative ways to solve it. I was horrible in math and science but now I have an a in both subjects. Thanks for the help🤍🤍

David K

iOS user

The app's just great! All I have to do is enter the topic in the search bar and I get the response real fast. I don't have to watch 10 YouTube videos to understand something, so I'm saving my time. Highly recommended!

Sudenaz Ocak

Android user

In school I was really bad at maths but thanks to the app, I am doing better now. I am so grateful that you made the app.

Greenlight Bonnie

Android user

I found this app a couple years ago and it has only gotten better since then. I really love it because it can help with written questions and photo questions. Also, it can find study guides that other people have made as well as flashcard sets and practice tests. The free version is also amazing for students who might not be able to afford it. Would 100% recommend

Aubrey

iOS user

Best app if you're in Highschool or Junior high. I have been using this app for 2 school years and it's the best, it's good if you don't have anyone to help you with school work.😋🩷🎀

Marco B

iOS user

THE QUIZES AND FLASHCARDS ARE SO USEFUL AND I LOVE THE SCHOOLGPT. IT ALSO IS LITREALLY LIKE CHATGPT BUT SMARTER!! HELPED ME WITH MY MASCARA PROBLEMS TOO!! AS WELL AS MY REAL SUBJECTS ! DUHHH 😍😁😲🤑💗✨🎀😮

Elisha

iOS user

This app is phenomenal down to the correct info and the various topics you can study! I greatly recommend it for people who struggle with procrastination and those who need homework help. It has been perfectly accurate for world 1 history as far as I’ve seen! Geometry too!

Paul T

iOS user

The app is very easy to use and well designed. I have found everything I was looking for so far and have been able to learn a lot from the presentations! I will definitely use the app for a class assignment! And of course it also helps a lot as an inspiration.

Stefan S

iOS user

This app is really great. There are so many study notes and help [...]. My problem subject is French, for example, and the app has so many options for help. Thanks to this app, I have improved my French. I would recommend it to anyone.

Samantha Klich

Android user

Wow, I am really amazed. I just tried the app because I've seen it advertised many times and was absolutely stunned. This app is THE HELP you want for school and above all, it offers so many things, such as workouts and fact sheets, which have been VERY helpful to me personally.

Anna

iOS user

I think it’s very much worth it and you’ll end up using it a lot once you get the hang of it and even after looking at others notes you can still ask your Artificial intelligence buddy the question and ask to simplify it if you still don’t get it!!! In the end I think it’s worth it 😊👍 ⚠️Also DID I MENTION ITS FREEE YOU DON’T HAVE TO PAY FOR ANYTHING AND STILL GET YOUR GRADES IN PERFECTLY❗️❗️⚠️

Thomas R

iOS user

Knowunity is the BEST app I’ve used in a minute. This is not an ai review or anything this is genuinely coming from a 7th grade student (I know 2011 im young) but dude this app is a 10/10 i have maintained a 3.8 gpa and have plenty of time for gaming. I love it and my mom is just happy I got good grades

Brad T

Android user

Not only did it help me find the answer but it also showed me alternative ways to solve it. I was horrible in math and science but now I have an a in both subjects. Thanks for the help🤍🤍

David K

iOS user

The app's just great! All I have to do is enter the topic in the search bar and I get the response real fast. I don't have to watch 10 YouTube videos to understand something, so I'm saving my time. Highly recommended!

Sudenaz Ocak

Android user

In school I was really bad at maths but thanks to the app, I am doing better now. I am so grateful that you made the app.

Greenlight Bonnie

Android user

I found this app a couple years ago and it has only gotten better since then. I really love it because it can help with written questions and photo questions. Also, it can find study guides that other people have made as well as flashcard sets and practice tests. The free version is also amazing for students who might not be able to afford it. Would 100% recommend

Aubrey

iOS user

Best app if you're in Highschool or Junior high. I have been using this app for 2 school years and it's the best, it's good if you don't have anyone to help you with school work.😋🩷🎀

Marco B

iOS user

THE QUIZES AND FLASHCARDS ARE SO USEFUL AND I LOVE THE SCHOOLGPT. IT ALSO IS LITREALLY LIKE CHATGPT BUT SMARTER!! HELPED ME WITH MY MASCARA PROBLEMS TOO!! AS WELL AS MY REAL SUBJECTS ! DUHHH 😍😁😲🤑💗✨🎀😮

Elisha

iOS user

This app is phenomenal down to the correct info and the various topics you can study! I greatly recommend it for people who struggle with procrastination and those who need homework help. It has been perfectly accurate for world 1 history as far as I’ve seen! Geometry too!

Paul T

iOS user