Subjects

Physics

Electric and Magnetic Fields

239

•

Sep 19, 2023

•

2 pages

Fleming's Rules and How Particle Accelerators Work

Name: Knowunity
Brand: Knowunity

Ahmed Nour ✓™

@ahmednour

Electromagnetic Fields and Particle Accelerators: A Comprehensive Guide

This guide... Show more

.
Note:. density of field lines is representative of the strength of the field at that point.
direction of field lines is North to South. In

Page 2: Magnets, Coils, and Particle Accelerators

This page delves into magnetic fields around coils, forces between current-carrying wires, and introduces particle accelerators.

Magnetic Fields Around Coils

The magnetic field strength around a wire depends on:

Current magnitude
Distance from the wire
Permeability of the space

For a long straight wire: B = μI / $2πr$

Where:

μ = Permeability $μ0 for free space/vacuum$
I = Current
r = Distance from wire

For a solenoid: B = μnI

Where:

n = Number of coils in the solenoid

Highlight: The strongest magnetic field in a solenoid is at its center.

Forces Between Current-Carrying Wires

Wires with current flowing in the same direction attract each other, while those with opposite currents repel.

Example: This principle is used in the design of electric motors and generators.

Particle Accelerators

Three types of particle accelerators are discussed:

Linear Accelerators $Linacs$
Cyclotrons
Synchrotrons

Definition: Particle accelerators are machines that propel charged particles to very high speeds using electromagnetic fields.

Linear Accelerators $Linacs$

Linacs accelerate particles in a straight line using alternating potential differences.

Highlight: What are particle accelerators used for? They are crucial in particle physics research, medical treatments, and industrial applications.

Example: The alternating voltage in the gaps between drift tubes creates electric fields that accelerate particles.

Vocabulary: Electromagnetic induction in particle accelerators refers to the process of using changing magnetic fields to induce electric fields that accelerate particles.

This comprehensive guide provides a solid foundation for understanding electromagnetic fields and their applications in particle accelerators, suitable for young physics students.

Page 1: Magnetic Fields and the Motor Effect

This page covers the fundamentals of magnetic fields, the motor effect, and charged particles in magnetic fields.

Magnetic Fields

Magnetic fields, also known as B-fields, exert force on magnetized materials. When drawing field lines:

Higher density of lines indicates a stronger field
Field lines never intersect
Arrows show direction from North to South

Highlight: The density of field lines represents the strength of the field at that point.

Fields with Current-Carrying Wires

A current-carrying wire induces a magnetic field perpendicular to it. The right-hand grip rule determines the field direction:

Thumb: Force on wire
Index finger: Field line direction $North to South$
Middle finger: Current flow direction

Definition: The motor effect occurs when a current-carrying wire in a magnetic field experiences a force due to the interaction of magnetic fields.

Force on Wire

The magnitude of force on a wire in a magnetic field is calculated using:

F = BIL sinθ

Where:

F = Force on wire $Newtons$
B = Magnetic flux density $Tesla$
I = Current in wire $Amperes$
L = Length of wire in magnetic field $meters$
θ = Angle between wire and magnetic field

Vocabulary: Tesla $T$ is the unit of magnetic flux density.

Charged Particles in a Magnetic Field

For charged particles, the force equation is modified to:

F = Bqv sinθ

Where:

q = Charge on particle $Coulombs$
v = Velocity of particle $m/s$

Example: A positively charged particle in a magnetic field will follow a curved path, while a negatively charged particle will curve in the opposite direction.

Fleming's Left Hand Rule

Highlight: Fleming's left hand rule for motors is used to determine the direction of force on a current-carrying wire in a magnetic field.

Hall Probes

Hall probes utilize the Hall effect to measure magnetic field strength. When current flows through a conductor perpendicular to a magnetic field, a voltage $Hall voltage$ is produced across the conductor.

Definition: The Hall effect is the production of a voltage difference across an electrical conductor when a magnetic field is applied perpendicular to the current flow.

The Hall voltage is given by:

VH = $BI$ / $ndq$

Where:

VH = Hall voltage
B = Magnetic flux density
I = Current
n = Charge density of conductor
d = Thickness of conductor
q = Charge of moving particle $usually electron$

Highlight: Using hall probes to measure magnetic field strength is a common technique in physics experiments.

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Brad T

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Not only did it help me find the answer but it also showed me alternative ways to solve it. I was horrible in math and science but now I have an a in both subjects. Thanks for the help🤍🤍

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Sudenaz Ocak

Android user

In school I was really bad at maths but thanks to the app, I am doing better now. I am so grateful that you made the app.

Greenlight Bonnie

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Aubrey

iOS user

Best app if you're in Highschool or Junior high. I have been using this app for 2 school years and it's the best, it's good if you don't have anyone to help you with school work.😋🩷🎀

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Subjects

Physics

Electric and Magnetic Fields

Physics

•

239

•

Sep 19, 2023

•

2 pages

Fleming's Rules and How Particle Accelerators Work

Ahmed Nour ✓™

@ahmednour

Electromagnetic Fields and Particle Accelerators: A Comprehensive Guide

This guide covers key concepts in electromagnetism, including magnetic fields, the motor effect, Hall probes, and particle accelerators. It provides in-depth explanations suitable for young students studying physics.

Sign up to see the contentIt's free!

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Join milions of students

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Page 2: Magnets, Coils, and Particle Accelerators

This page delves into magnetic fields around coils, forces between current-carrying wires, and introduces particle accelerators.

Magnetic Fields Around Coils

The magnetic field strength around a wire depends on:

Current magnitude
Distance from the wire
Permeability of the space

For a long straight wire: B = μI / $2πr$

Where:

μ = Permeability $μ0 for free space/vacuum$
I = Current
r = Distance from wire

For a solenoid: B = μnI

Where:

n = Number of coils in the solenoid

Highlight: The strongest magnetic field in a solenoid is at its center.

Forces Between Current-Carrying Wires

Wires with current flowing in the same direction attract each other, while those with opposite currents repel.

Example: This principle is used in the design of electric motors and generators.

Particle Accelerators

Three types of particle accelerators are discussed:

Linear Accelerators $Linacs$
Cyclotrons
Synchrotrons

Definition: Particle accelerators are machines that propel charged particles to very high speeds using electromagnetic fields.

Linear Accelerators $Linacs$

Linacs accelerate particles in a straight line using alternating potential differences.

Highlight: What are particle accelerators used for? They are crucial in particle physics research, medical treatments, and industrial applications.

Example: The alternating voltage in the gaps between drift tubes creates electric fields that accelerate particles.

Vocabulary: Electromagnetic induction in particle accelerators refers to the process of using changing magnetic fields to induce electric fields that accelerate particles.

This comprehensive guide provides a solid foundation for understanding electromagnetic fields and their applications in particle accelerators, suitable for young physics students.

Sign up to see the contentIt's free!

Access to all documents

Improve your grades

Join milions of students

By signing up you accept Terms of Service and Privacy Policy

Page 1: Magnetic Fields and the Motor Effect

This page covers the fundamentals of magnetic fields, the motor effect, and charged particles in magnetic fields.

Magnetic Fields

Magnetic fields, also known as B-fields, exert force on magnetized materials. When drawing field lines:

Higher density of lines indicates a stronger field
Field lines never intersect
Arrows show direction from North to South

Highlight: The density of field lines represents the strength of the field at that point.

Fields with Current-Carrying Wires

A current-carrying wire induces a magnetic field perpendicular to it. The right-hand grip rule determines the field direction:

Thumb: Force on wire
Index finger: Field line direction $North to South$
Middle finger: Current flow direction

Definition: The motor effect occurs when a current-carrying wire in a magnetic field experiences a force due to the interaction of magnetic fields.

Force on Wire

The magnitude of force on a wire in a magnetic field is calculated using:

F = BIL sinθ

Where:

F = Force on wire $Newtons$
B = Magnetic flux density $Tesla$
I = Current in wire $Amperes$
L = Length of wire in magnetic field $meters$
θ = Angle between wire and magnetic field

Vocabulary: Tesla $T$ is the unit of magnetic flux density.

Charged Particles in a Magnetic Field

For charged particles, the force equation is modified to:

F = Bqv sinθ

Where:

q = Charge on particle $Coulombs$
v = Velocity of particle $m/s$

Example: A positively charged particle in a magnetic field will follow a curved path, while a negatively charged particle will curve in the opposite direction.

Fleming's Left Hand Rule

Highlight: Fleming's left hand rule for motors is used to determine the direction of force on a current-carrying wire in a magnetic field.

Hall Probes

Definition: The Hall effect is the production of a voltage difference across an electrical conductor when a magnetic field is applied perpendicular to the current flow.

The Hall voltage is given by:

VH = $BI$ / $ndq$

Where:

VH = Hall voltage
B = Magnetic flux density
I = Current
n = Charge density of conductor
d = Thickness of conductor
q = Charge of moving particle $usually electron$

Highlight: Using hall probes to measure magnetic field strength is a common technique in physics experiments.

Students love us — and so will you.

4.9/5

App Store

4.8/5

Google Play

Stefan S

iOS user

Samantha Klich

Android user

Anna

iOS user

Thomas R

iOS user

Brad T

Android user

Not only did it help me find the answer but it also showed me alternative ways to solve it. I was horrible in math and science but now I have an a in both subjects. Thanks for the help🤍🤍

David K

iOS user

Sudenaz Ocak

Android user

In school I was really bad at maths but thanks to the app, I am doing better now. I am so grateful that you made the app.

Greenlight Bonnie

Android user

Aubrey

iOS user

Best app if you're in Highschool or Junior high. I have been using this app for 2 school years and it's the best, it's good if you don't have anyone to help you with school work.😋🩷🎀

Marco B

iOS user

Elisha

iOS user

Paul T

iOS user

Stefan S

iOS user

Samantha Klich

Android user

Anna

iOS user

Thomas R

iOS user

Brad T

Android user

Not only did it help me find the answer but it also showed me alternative ways to solve it. I was horrible in math and science but now I have an a in both subjects. Thanks for the help🤍🤍

David K

iOS user

Sudenaz Ocak

Android user

In school I was really bad at maths but thanks to the app, I am doing better now. I am so grateful that you made the app.

Greenlight Bonnie

Android user

Aubrey

iOS user

Best app if you're in Highschool or Junior high. I have been using this app for 2 school years and it's the best, it's good if you don't have anyone to help you with school work.😋🩷🎀

Marco B

iOS user

Elisha

iOS user

Paul T

iOS user

Fleming's Rules and How Particle Accelerators Work

Page 2: Magnets, Coils, and Particle Accelerators

Page 1: Magnetic Fields and the Motor Effect

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Fleming's Rules and How Particle Accelerators Work

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Page 2: Magnets, Coils, and Particle Accelerators

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Page 1: Magnetic Fields and the Motor Effect

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