Situation Ethics: An Overview
Situation ethics, developed by Joseph Fletcher, challenges traditional moral frameworks by proposing a flexible approach based on love agape. This page introduces the core concepts and principles of situation ethics, emphasizing its rejection of rigid moral rules in favor of context-dependent solutions.
Definition: Situation ethics is an ethical theory that asserts the morality of an action depends on the situation rather than predetermined rules.
Fletcher argues that strict moral principles are too inflexible and that we should apply agape (love) as the primary ethical consideration. He suggests that scripture is useful as a moral source, but only to the extent that it promotes love.
Highlight: Fletcher defended social justice and promoted freedom with concern for one's neighbor, applying agape to all forms of relationships.
The theory of situation ethics is positioned between legalism (strict adherence to rules) and antinomianism (rejection of all moral laws). Fletcher proposes a middle ground where ethical decisions are made based on the specific circumstances of each situation.
Quote: "The morality of an action depends upon the situation" - Joseph Fletcher
Fletcher outlines four working principles of situation ethics:
- Pragmatism: Solutions must be practical; "the good is what works"
- Relativism: Agape serves as the measure of relativity
- Positivism: Faith is the basis of reason; we must accept agape/Jesus to understand ethics
- Personalism: Focus on people rather than abstract principles
Vocabulary: Agape refers to unconditional, selfless love, often associated with Christian theology.
The six fundamental principles of situation ethics further explain the core concept of agape:
- Only one thing is intrinsically good (love)
- The ruling norm of Christian decision is love
- Love and justice are the same
- Love wills the neighbor's good
- Only the end justifies the means
- Love is situational, not predetermined
Example: Fletcher's situation ethics examples might include defending the right to end a pregnancy if it threatens the mother's life, as this decision would be based on love and concern for the overall well-being of those involved.