War of 1812 Operations Summary
The War of 1812 was a challenging time for the American army due to poor condition and strategy. However, the operations by the British and Canadians were successful. One notable success was the American navy, which managed to defeat the British. The Americans found themselves on the defensive by 1814, and the absence of Napoleonic France as a supporter further complicated the situation. Washington was burned, and the British attacked New Orleans, but American forces managed to defeat them, restoring American honor.
War of 1812 Operations Timeline
The victory in New Orleans and the defeat of the British forces were a significant turning point in the war. The Treaty of Ghent, essentially an armistice signed on December 24, 1814, ended the fighting. Both sides agreed to stop fighting and restore conquered territories.
War of 1812 Operations Map
The Federalists, who were not happy with the war, held the Hartford Convention. The convention resulted in moderate demands and eventually marked the end of the Federalist party.
Who Won the War of 1812 and Who Lost
The war led to a new respect for America from foreign nations and a period of prosperity in manufacturing. It also sparked Canadian nationalism as Canadians felt betrayed by the Treaty of Ghent.
The aftermath of the War of 1812 led to heightened nationalism and the birth of American literature. The American System, proposed by Henry Clay in 1824, aimed to strengthen the American economy, protect infant industries from British competition, and improve infrastructure through a protective tariff and a network of roads and canals funded by tariff revenue.
Tariff of 1816 Significance
The Tariff of 1816, while not completely adequate, was an essential step in protecting American industries from British competition. With the Federalist party on the decline, James Monroe emerged as the new presidential candidate for the Republican party.
American System and Tariff of 1816 Explained
The Rush-Bagot agreement limited naval armament on the Great Lakes. Despite an outcry for better transportation, difficulties arose in its implementation. President Madison's veto of $1.5 million distribution to states for internal improvements as unconstitutional also caused challenges.
American System and Tariff of 1816 Essay
The Panic of 1819, a paralyzing economic catastrophe, marred the era of good feelings, despite its misleading name. The economic distress resulted in growing pains in the West, including deflation, depression, and bankruptcies. European immigration and land exhaustion in older states contributed to these challenges.
Tariff of Abominations
The Panic of 1819 also led to over-speculation in frontier lands and a backlash against the bank for imprisonment for debt. The Economic distress and pacification of the western frontier set back nationalistic ardor.
The Second War for American Independence
The emergence of a sense of nationalism and the admission of 9 new western states to the union signaled the growing influence of the West. However, the rivalry between the slave South and the free North over control of the West led to a challenging situation, which was partially resolved through the Missouri Compromise.
Who Opposed the Tariff of 1816
The Missouri Compromise, while a bargain, did not completely resolve the conflict. John Marshall's judicial nationalism further influenced the situation, as seen in the cases of McCulloch v. Maryland (1819), Cohens v. Virginia (1821), and Gibbons v. Ogden (1824).
Tariff of 1828
The judicial decisions in these cases paved the way for judicial dikes against democratic excesses, as exemplified in the cases of Fletcher v. Peck (1810) and Dartmouth College v. Woodward (1819). These decisions underscored the Supreme Court's right to review decisions of state supreme courts and the doctrine of "loose construction."
By accurately recapitulating the Second War for Independence and the upsurge of nationalism events, you can have a comprehensive understanding of its historical significance. For more information, you can download the "Second War for Independence and the Upsurge of Nationalism" pdf or attempt the "Chapter 12: The Second War for Independence and the Upsurge of Nationalism" quizlet.
