Kublai Khan and the Yuan Dynasty
Kublai Khan, Genghis Khan's grandson, became Great Khan in 1260 and conquered China by 1279. He established the Yuan Dynasty , bringing China into a time of peace and prosperity. Unlike previous conquerors, Kublai adopted many Chinese customs and built his capital at Beijing.
Not all of Kublai's military campaigns succeeded, though. He attempted to invade Japan twice (1274 and 1281), but both attempts failed. The second massive invasion was dramatically destroyed by a typhoon, which the Japanese called "kamikaze" or "divine wind."
The Mongols maintained separation between themselves and the Chinese population. They kept top government positions for Mongols while allowing Chinese to serve in local roles. Despite this division, Kublai improved infrastructure by extending the Grand Canal to Beijing and building highways throughout China.
Did you know? Under Kublai Khan's rule, foreign trade flourished as never before. He actively invited international merchants to China, which helped spread Chinese goods and culture throughout Asia and beyond.
