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unit 1 •unit 1-3 review big idea #3 (cont): -many conversions from Hindy to Muslim were used for social. big idea #5: African stale building was facilitated through participation in trade hetworks and religion. mobility-moving up castes Bhakt: Moment • Zimbabue - becomes powerful because of trade and proximity to - "mystical" version of Hinduism Lemphasized a strong trade networks attachment to a particular - also because of agriculture, gold deposits, deity - some things in common ete with Sufi-Muslims -Sprends Hindu faith • Merchants introduce Hinduism. and Buddhism big idea #4: The various civilizations of the Americas developed strong states, large urban unters, and complex belief systems. • there are complex civilizations in the Americas during this time big idea #6: period -Indian Ocean Trade-merchants aid in development of a new language Lz Swahili Language - Banthu and Arabic, created by Islamic merchants • Ethiopia - rare among african kindoms- Christian-architecture (monumental) L7 outside of Roman Catholicism and Eastern Orthodox - syncratic blend of Christianity and beliefs of populations that lived there •Incan Empire- -Mit'a system-wen between. 15-50 are conscripted to public civice •Aztec Empire. - very large population, lots deantralized monarchies. of architective and markets • tribute system-tribule from those that they conquered -political dominance without direct involvement State building in Europe was characterized by religious belief, tendalism, and • Roman Catholic Church - powerful people Ly Jews as well but mainly catholic • Seudalism - system of loyalty between different classes - land-ownership-hierarday manorialism-decentralized 0 ・innovations in agriculture - thieee fieldsys Ham • shift to monarchies consolidating power -unit 1-3 review big idea #2: Innovations expanded the the scope states that promoted innovation and trade grew in importance. of trade routes. •navigation •China, Islamic World, Mongols, West Africa >compass, astrolabe, I ateen sail, Camel saddu, etc making trade easier understand that the trade ronks are providing power L7 caravanserge, paper money. (flying" money), ships (Junk, etc) • states are actively promoting new ideas. and technology to keep themselves relevant -Song China - actively expanding universiones, actively recruiting in peasant classes. land-based trade (silk Road + sacrificing some military. Ocean L7 but thriving bureaucracy as a result -thriving cities-population boom. L7specially future - more welcoming states Trans-Saharan) typically tracke more luxury items whereas • trade has more bulk ·land based states along the Sik Rand are typically the wealthiest - eventually is why the Mongols want to conquer • Dar al-Islam (Islamic World) those states and the Silk Road -Sultan -7 -> knowledge • not goods are traded - much more open and 4 ideas and culture many -7 tolerant, like medieval Europe 4 cultural diffusion -rapid spread of Islam unit 2 big idea #1: . port ages - most innovations are coming from Asia (India, China, Islamic world, etc.) • merchants spread lots of ideas than cities encouraging merchants than other civilizations to •Mansa Musa - West Africa - funds Islamic universities •Some smaller states eventually rise to • spread of knowledge Leventually helps pull Europe power because of being on key points out of medieval on trade routes big idea #3: The Mongols created the ultimate trading empire from 1200 1450. combine successful parts of other states to become strong and in power. reder • unit 1-3 revilw unit 2 big idea #3 (cont.): • new innovations • Ottoman Empire - small beginnings, grew into greater power L7 mostly in military, warfare, -by 1402 most of Southwestern conquest Europe and Anatolia is under ottoman control - ex flaming arrows, canons, use of horses in combat • Conquer lots of land Ly rule with general tolerance -> Pax Mongolica -promoting innovation -adopting many ideas •spread of religion - single most important unifier in this time -religion holds the empire together •different khanates adopt different religions big idea #4: gain power unit3 big idea #1: by 1453-ottomans sack Constantinople Various land-based empires developed. and expanded throughout 1450-1750, most significantly through the use of gunpowder. -> Istanbul - strong military -> Janissaries - Christian slaves. taken at a young age and converted to military •Safavid Empire. - Shirite Dynasty - Conflict with Mughals and Ottomans who were both Sunni - Shah Abbas builds military L> elites that are essentially the same idea as Janissaries - 1 Cultural diffusion and • Mughal Empire -begins with displacement of the Delhi Sultanate technological exchange brought through the use of gunpowder States out of the "medieval eva." -Akbar the Great - extremely tolerant • fendal systems somewhat collapse • Ring Dynasty-mongol rule is due to the Black Plague in Europe declining - Ming -> Qing (Manchu) Lystarting to find a place to • Safavid -Mughal Conflict -series of war over territory and religion - hither really wins. • Songhai. Moroccan conflict- Northern Western African - Moroccans invade an already weakening Songhai using gunpowder • unit 1-3 review. big idea #2: Rulers of land-based empires gained power by establishing bureaucracies, sponsoring the creation of arti centralizing tax collection, and developing large militaries. • rulers legitimizing their power Ly how do they communicate who is in charge? • consolidating power 7 transfer power groups under a Single • formation of large bureaucracies -Ottomans-Pershirme System Lenslaved christians trained and given roles in their imperial bureaucracy • development of military professionals from other ruler - Ottomans- Janissaries - Токидаша - Samurai •Religion, ideas, monuments, & architecture Divine Right God's representative. on Earth - Palace of Versailles - Aztec Human Sacrifice L>stat & religion closely tied -Qing imperial portraits tay collection - Mughals-Zamindar tax collection - Oftemans-Tax-Farming - Americas-tribute lists big idea #31 Belief systems played different roles in land-based empires. In some cases, shared beliefs bound people together. In other cases, various beliefs caused Conflict. • Christianity in Europeans Lo had been the belief for most Europeans, but started to fragment in the 16th century. - Protestant Reformation - Martin Luther denounces the corruption. of the Catholic church 9 Ly his ideas spread rapidly due to the printing press, causing major split into the Roman Catholic Churh and various Protestant churcles-rulers divide as well C> Catholic Connter- Reformation-reforms addressing corruption mentioned by Martin Luther - reaffirm ancient doctrines cy continuity •Sikhism in South Asia - Hinduism and Islam - change + continuity