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than one god. • Polytheistic - they believed in After life they believed in life after death. In order to acheive mortality, the body had to be preserved. They would use mummification to preserve the body. It was an expensive process, so it depended how rich you were. The Egyptians were very equiped for their time. Rich people would be put it pyramids. Every thing they owned, organs, favorite wife, gold, jewelery etc. were put in as well. Robbers would ransack the pyrimads. ● - The Purimads of Giza •These are the largest and oldest pyrimads that are visited today. The tallest is 481 ft, as tall as 40 story building. Each brick weighed 2.5 tons.... • Hieroglyphics - these consisted into 2 catagories. The demotic was very hard to learn and consisted of pictures. The hieratic was scripted on papyrus, which was an Egyption method of paper. Page 3 2009 Rosetta Stone Social Structure Ancient Egypt. . if had 3 languages on it. Greek, Demonic, Hingliphic Pharoah 2nd in Command Nobles and Priests Scribes Merchants Soldiers Artisans, anything with your hands. Farmers, had to pay taxes to the king Slaves were at the bottom of Social class Timeline of Egyptian Kingdom Narmer was the first king. He united upper and lower Egypt making it a cohesive kingdom. The Old Kingdom was a strong era who invented pyrimads. It lasted for 425 The Sphinx was years. built during this time ( a pharout on top of a lion) built to protect the pyrimad I 1st Intermediate Period - the rulers losing power, due to nobles getting more money and the Pharovh couldn't help with droughts. (thought he was god) It lasted 100 years. Because it was a decentralized, not unified, split into little kingdoms with diff. rulers. In the midst of this chaos, the middle class was able to more up. No pharoon • The Middle Kingdom- a pharoah took power again. During this era, a canal was built which spread to other parts. This really helped with trade. Irrigation systems were built to help farms. They drained Swamps for more farmland. This era really bennafitted the people which is why the pharoahs were well liked. This losted 335 years. 4 Page D 3 D D • The New Kingdom - kicks out the old rulers and installed new rulers.. They had a strong ruler strong army, Strong government and strong civilization. Cleopatra married Alexander the Great and he conquers them, and the Egyptian culture was lost. It lasted for 445 years and the term Pharouk came to use in this era. Indus Valley •Ancient India. ( India is located in Asia, modern day it is located where India considerd a peninsula (land covered and Pakistan meet. India is 3/4 water) India is near the Himalayan mountains and the Indus River. That was the civilizations source of water, Moonsoons, a huge wet hot storm, that can cause good or danger. assume • The Harappan Civilization - This era lasted 2900 BCE-1700 BCE. The british dug and peiced together from what they dug to miles and that the Harappan Civilization covered I million square 5 million people. They find 2 big cities, Harapparand Mohenjo-darc it • They found that the Harappan civilization was extremly organized. Urban planning, they found 700 wells that were all built at the same time, meaning. was planned. They found stone. benches and even garbages that were placed near streets. The citadel overlooked the city, and it had watch towers, storage, big rooms, etc. Every house had a bath and sewage system. ran through the city. The Great Bath was found. The The Standerization had some bricks, language weight, lighting Everything was built the same the it was a huge city. Page 5 •How The Aryans. •Economy - these people did a lot of farming and trading - what has happened to this civilization? Nobody knows. The Aryans This civilization came from Afganistan and Turkey and came down. to India through the Khyber Pass in 1750 BCE. • This was known as the Vedic Age because they brought vedas. Vedas are a collection of religious prayer and ideas. Hinduism now the most practiced religion today. IS -Hinduism • believes in the caste system, a very rigid social structure. They believe that a god organized it this way 0 1) Brahmins - teachers and pricists · (2) Kshatriyas - warriors and rulers 3) Vaishyas Merchants, business men 0 1)Shudras- Manual laborors life revolved around these classes, what you eat, interact, school etc. 5) Dalits- untovables No one went near them, they were unholy and they cleaned toilets. Hinduism is a polythestic religion. They believe in reincarnation, that you couldn't finish your purpose in one life. The only way to move up costes is in another life. They believed in karma So if you were good, in your next life you could move This works in reverse as well. 9069 up castes. Page 6 eeeee0000 9000 8 Ancient China Ching • Is located in Asia in the far cast region. It is the 3rd biggest country geographicly in the world. It's capital is Bejing. The civilization is set up near the Yellow River also known as China's Sorrow. It could either be very fertile for the land and other times it flooded. Parallel to the Yellow River was the Yangtze River and the both traveled east to the Yellow Sea, China is located near the Himalayan Mountains and Gobi Desert. Because of this, it was closed from all around keeping out invaders but they were isolated, so no trade, to learning about others. They thought they were the best because they didn't know anyone. They called themselves the Middle kingdom because they were in the middle of earth. Because of this isolation they didn't know how the outside world expanded and modified. • Leadership - China was ruled by emporers from rayal dynasties. The emperer had the Mandate of Heaven, the divine ability to rule. He was allowed to as long as he was good. When a new emperor stopped being good, it was taken away. This is how dynasties ended. The people would cause an uproar and the emperor was over thrown. A new dynasty would take over. This was a • cycle. •Shong Dynasty (1650 BCE-1046 BCE) The chinese writing system started in the shang dynasty. This use of wirking was part. of pictographs, which is a form of pichire writing so it DR took a long time to read and/or write. Page 7 698 Pa 010 (50) 나나 크기나 나나 + 70 E ۴۴ کر کر کر کر کر کر کی 1000 ㅠㅠ LEF 소 저거 끼 ㅠㅠㅠㅠㅠ? 보노보 보짓짓짓짓 Legend ●City Mountains Mountain pass Mt. Everest (29,028 ft.) - River Geography of Ancient China Ancient China' Ancient China. They invented silk, as well bronze. They figured if you mixed a variety of metals, it would result in a strong yet cheap material called bronze. This bronze was used to make weapons The Shang people used jade, a green Stone found in China. Due to the yellow river flooding, many dams were built. The last emporer of the Shang Dynasty was Zhou, who became corrupt because he abused his power. One nobleman Who was very well-liked by the people, Zhou hated him and to silence him, he threw him in jail. He hilled one of the nobleman's sons and used his body to make patties and serve it to his father in jail. The second son was infuriated as well as the entire kingdom. They claimed Zhou of Shong had lost his mandate of Heaven. Because of this the people over threw dynasty Zhou and the second son took over forming a new • Zhou Dynasty (1046 BCE-256 BCE) it lasted 790 years. its first emperor was We of Zhou and they introduced the idea of Mandate of Heaven. Feudilism was their way of government. It split up the kingdom and put noblemen to rule a small area. The noble would give tax and army to emperor. A civil war broke out, they wanted to be more indapendant and this caused them to break apart. The Qin Dynasty was the winner. 0 There were 3 Philophosies. Daoism claimed that you should live in sync with nature. Legalism argues that people are bad by nature, So society must enforce strict punishments. Confucianism was taught by Confucious. He believed in the value of education..of Page 7 0069 He believed in a certain social order. 5 types of realationships. -ruler to subject -fathe to sun -older brother to husband to wife friend to friend Besides friend to friend, someone was always dominant in the realationship. Filial Piety, you must respect and honor parents. A ruler should rule with an example and not fear. -Hittites 6 Assyrians Neo-Babylonians Mesopotamia Persians Mesopotamia Is the land between rivers, the Tigris and Euphrates River. Mesopotamia is a small peice of land located in the Fertile Cresent. It was nicknamed the "Cradle of Civilization" because many civilizations rose in this area. Conquerers of Fertile Crescent Sumerians -Akkadians •Babylonians. younger brother Page 10 ape " Ancient Mesopotamia Sumac •The Sumarions were the first to settle here. They set up indapendant City States. Because they had Small Oreas and not one big kingdom, it caused them to be militaristic people, constantly fighting. •Social Structure- (1) Priests and Rulers 2) Merchents, artisans and scribes 3) Farmers 4) Captured Slaves • Religion - the Sumarians were polythestic and theocracy. Theocracy is when the political leader was also the religious leader. They worshipped in temples called ziggurats.. The writing system used was cuneiform. The stylas served as a material and they wrote symbols into a clay tablet. writing • Economy- because of the exellent farm land due to the Tign's and Euphrates, there were many farmers. Because they were missing other resources, they traded with everyone. Innovations & Achievments - they invented the sailboat to help travel for trade. They invented wheels, great for wagchs and chariots. They invented the irrigation system. They innovated math, 60 was their base number. They were exellent at astronomy and developed the 12 month Page 11 lunar calander. > Ĵ 3 } 7 7 } } } Akkad The Symarians fell to the Akkadians. They lasted from (2350 BCE-2000 BCE) The first ruler was Sargon of Akkad and he created the first ever empire. Babylon (2000 BCE-16000 BCE) Akkad falls to the Babylonians. The most famous of these rulers was Hammurabi. He was the first one to write down law in the entire recorded world. It was known as Hammerabis Code, and it was very strict that was known for an eye for an eye? (1600 BCE-1180 BCE) The Hittites were a very strong, militeristic civilization. They figured out how to smelt iron and use Chariots. in war. Assyria (850 BCE-626 BCE) The Assyrians were even more militeristic and they had a huge army and empire. They ruled over a huge amount of land NO Neo Babylon Page 12