Chemistry of lifeforms the fundamental basis of biological systems,... Show more
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89
0
H
Hailey Hubbard
7/25/2023
AP Biology
AP bio unit 1 review
760
•
Jul 25, 2023
•
Chemistry of Life Basic Notes PDF: Download Now for Biology Test!
H
Hailey Hubbard
@haileyhubbard_qyqa
Page 2: Carbohydrate Classification and Function
This page delves into the detailed classification of carbohydrates monosaccharides disaccharides polysaccharides. The content explains their structures and biological roles.
Definition: Monosaccharides are simple sugars that serve as the basic units of carbohydrates.
Example: Food examples of monosaccharides include glucose, fructose, and galactose.
Highlight: Disaccharides form through glycosidic linkages between two monosaccharides.
Vocabulary: Polysaccharides are complex carbohydrates made of many repeated monosaccharide units.
Page 3: Protein Structure and Function
This page explores the complex world of proteins, their building blocks, and structural organization.
Definition: Amino acids are the building blocks of proteins, containing CHON (Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, Nitrogen).
Highlight: Protein structure exists in four levels: primary, secondary, tertiary, and quaternary.
Example: Alpha helix and beta-pleated sheets represent different types of secondary protein structure.
Vocabulary: Chaperone proteins assist in proper protein folding.
Page 4: Lipid Structure and Function
This page covers the various types of lipids and their biological roles.
Definition: Lipids are nonpolar molecules that serve as energy storage and cellular components.
Example: Triglycerides store fat in adipocytes (fat cells).
Highlight: Phospholipids are amphipathic molecules crucial for cell membrane structure.
Vocabulary: Cholesterol regulates membrane fluidity in response to temperature changes.
Page 5: Nucleic Acids and Life's Building Blocks
This page concludes with nucleic acids and summarizes the major biological molecules.
Definition: Nucleic acids (DNA and RNA) contain genetic information and are made of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and phosphorus.
Highlight: All life forms are composed of atoms and molecules, with carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen being most common.
Example: The main building blocks of life serve different functions: carbohydrates for energy, proteins for structure, lipids for storage, and nucleic acids for genetic information.
Vocabulary: Deoxyribose and ribose are five-carbon sugars fundamental to nucleic acid structure.
Page 1: Elements and Chemical Bonds
This page introduces the fundamental elements and chemical bonds essential to life processes. The main elements discussed include carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen, while trace elements encompass calcium, potassium, sulfur, and others.
Definition: Elements are substances that cannot be broken down any further through chemical means.
Highlight: Chemical bonds are crucial for life processes, including ionic bonds (electron transfer), nonpolar covalent bonds (equal electron sharing), and polar covalent bonds (unequal electron sharing).
Example: Hydrolysis and dehydration synthesis are opposite reactions - dehydration removes water to create polymers, while hydrolysis adds water to break down molecules.
Vocabulary: Carbohydrates are organic compounds made primarily of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms.
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The app is very easy to use and well designed. I have found everything I was looking for so far and have been able to learn a lot from the presentations! I will definitely use the app for a class assignment! And of course it also helps a lot as an inspiration.
Stefan S
iOS user
This app is really great. There are so many study notes and help [...]. My problem subject is French, for example, and the app has so many options for help. Thanks to this app, I have improved my French. I would recommend it to anyone.
Samantha Klich
Android user
Wow, I am really amazed. I just tried the app because I've seen it advertised many times and was absolutely stunned. This app is THE HELP you want for school and above all, it offers so many things, such as workouts and fact sheets, which have been VERY helpful to me personally.
Anna
iOS user
I think it’s very much worth it and you’ll end up using it a lot once you get the hang of it and even after looking at others notes you can still ask your Artificial intelligence buddy the question and ask to simplify it if you still don’t get it!!! In the end I think it’s worth it 😊👍 ⚠️Also DID I MENTION ITS FREEE YOU DON’T HAVE TO PAY FOR ANYTHING AND STILL GET YOUR GRADES IN PERFECTLY❗️❗️⚠️
Thomas R
iOS user
Knowunity is the BEST app I’ve used in a minute. This is not an ai review or anything this is genuinely coming from a 7th grade student (I know 2011 im young) but dude this app is a 10/10 i have maintained a 3.8 gpa and have plenty of time for gaming. I love it and my mom is just happy I got good grades
Brad T
Android user
Not only did it help me find the answer but it also showed me alternative ways to solve it. I was horrible in math and science but now I have an a in both subjects. Thanks for the help🤍🤍
David K
iOS user
The app's just great! All I have to do is enter the topic in the search bar and I get the response real fast. I don't have to watch 10 YouTube videos to understand something, so I'm saving my time. Highly recommended!
Sudenaz Ocak
Android user
In school I was really bad at maths but thanks to the app, I am doing better now. I am so grateful that you made the app.
Greenlight Bonnie
Android user
I found this app a couple years ago and it has only gotten better since then. I really love it because it can help with written questions and photo questions. Also, it can find study guides that other people have made as well as flashcard sets and practice tests. The free version is also amazing for students who might not be able to afford it. Would 100% recommend
Aubrey
iOS user
Best app if you're in Highschool or Junior high. I have been using this app for 2 school years and it's the best, it's good if you don't have anyone to help you with school work.😋🩷🎀
Marco B
iOS user
THE QUIZES AND FLASHCARDS ARE SO USEFUL AND I LOVE THE SCHOOLGPT. IT ALSO IS LITREALLY LIKE CHATGPT BUT SMARTER!! HELPED ME WITH MY MASCARA PROBLEMS TOO!! AS WELL AS MY REAL SUBJECTS ! DUHHH 😍😁😲🤑💗✨🎀😮
Elisha
iOS user
This app is phenomenal down to the correct info and the various topics you can study! I greatly recommend it for people who struggle with procrastination and those who need homework help. It has been perfectly accurate for world 1 history as far as I’ve seen! Geometry too!
Paul T
iOS user
The app is very easy to use and well designed. I have found everything I was looking for so far and have been able to learn a lot from the presentations! I will definitely use the app for a class assignment! And of course it also helps a lot as an inspiration.
Stefan S
iOS user
This app is really great. There are so many study notes and help [...]. My problem subject is French, for example, and the app has so many options for help. Thanks to this app, I have improved my French. I would recommend it to anyone.
Samantha Klich
Android user
Wow, I am really amazed. I just tried the app because I've seen it advertised many times and was absolutely stunned. This app is THE HELP you want for school and above all, it offers so many things, such as workouts and fact sheets, which have been VERY helpful to me personally.
Anna
iOS user
I think it’s very much worth it and you’ll end up using it a lot once you get the hang of it and even after looking at others notes you can still ask your Artificial intelligence buddy the question and ask to simplify it if you still don’t get it!!! In the end I think it’s worth it 😊👍 ⚠️Also DID I MENTION ITS FREEE YOU DON’T HAVE TO PAY FOR ANYTHING AND STILL GET YOUR GRADES IN PERFECTLY❗️❗️⚠️
Thomas R
iOS user
Knowunity is the BEST app I’ve used in a minute. This is not an ai review or anything this is genuinely coming from a 7th grade student (I know 2011 im young) but dude this app is a 10/10 i have maintained a 3.8 gpa and have plenty of time for gaming. I love it and my mom is just happy I got good grades
Brad T
Android user
Not only did it help me find the answer but it also showed me alternative ways to solve it. I was horrible in math and science but now I have an a in both subjects. Thanks for the help🤍🤍
David K
iOS user
The app's just great! All I have to do is enter the topic in the search bar and I get the response real fast. I don't have to watch 10 YouTube videos to understand something, so I'm saving my time. Highly recommended!
Sudenaz Ocak
Android user
In school I was really bad at maths but thanks to the app, I am doing better now. I am so grateful that you made the app.
Greenlight Bonnie
Android user
I found this app a couple years ago and it has only gotten better since then. I really love it because it can help with written questions and photo questions. Also, it can find study guides that other people have made as well as flashcard sets and practice tests. The free version is also amazing for students who might not be able to afford it. Would 100% recommend
Aubrey
iOS user
Best app if you're in Highschool or Junior high. I have been using this app for 2 school years and it's the best, it's good if you don't have anyone to help you with school work.😋🩷🎀
Marco B
iOS user
THE QUIZES AND FLASHCARDS ARE SO USEFUL AND I LOVE THE SCHOOLGPT. IT ALSO IS LITREALLY LIKE CHATGPT BUT SMARTER!! HELPED ME WITH MY MASCARA PROBLEMS TOO!! AS WELL AS MY REAL SUBJECTS ! DUHHH 😍😁😲🤑💗✨🎀😮
Elisha
iOS user
This app is phenomenal down to the correct info and the various topics you can study! I greatly recommend it for people who struggle with procrastination and those who need homework help. It has been perfectly accurate for world 1 history as far as I’ve seen! Geometry too!
Paul T
iOS user
Chemistry of Life Basic Notes PDF: Download Now for Biology Test!
H
Hailey Hubbard
@haileyhubbard_qyqa
Chemistry of life forms the fundamental basis of biological systems, explaining how molecules interact to create and sustain life.
• The main building blocks of life consist of carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids, each serving distinct biological functions... Show more
Page 2: Carbohydrate Classification and Function
This page delves into the detailed classification of carbohydrates monosaccharides disaccharides polysaccharides. The content explains their structures and biological roles.
Definition: Monosaccharides are simple sugars that serve as the basic units of carbohydrates.
Example: Food examples of monosaccharides include glucose, fructose, and galactose.
Highlight: Disaccharides form through glycosidic linkages between two monosaccharides.
Vocabulary: Polysaccharides are complex carbohydrates made of many repeated monosaccharide units.
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Access to all documents
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Join milions of students
By signing up you accept Terms of Service and Privacy Policy
Page 3: Protein Structure and Function
This page explores the complex world of proteins, their building blocks, and structural organization.
Definition: Amino acids are the building blocks of proteins, containing CHON (Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, Nitrogen).
Highlight: Protein structure exists in four levels: primary, secondary, tertiary, and quaternary.
Example: Alpha helix and beta-pleated sheets represent different types of secondary protein structure.
Vocabulary: Chaperone proteins assist in proper protein folding.
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Page 4: Lipid Structure and Function
This page covers the various types of lipids and their biological roles.
Definition: Lipids are nonpolar molecules that serve as energy storage and cellular components.
Example: Triglycerides store fat in adipocytes (fat cells).
Highlight: Phospholipids are amphipathic molecules crucial for cell membrane structure.
Vocabulary: Cholesterol regulates membrane fluidity in response to temperature changes.
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Page 5: Nucleic Acids and Life's Building Blocks
This page concludes with nucleic acids and summarizes the major biological molecules.
Definition: Nucleic acids (DNA and RNA) contain genetic information and are made of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and phosphorus.
Highlight: All life forms are composed of atoms and molecules, with carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen being most common.
Example: The main building blocks of life serve different functions: carbohydrates for energy, proteins for structure, lipids for storage, and nucleic acids for genetic information.
Vocabulary: Deoxyribose and ribose are five-carbon sugars fundamental to nucleic acid structure.
Sign up to see the contentIt's free!
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Improve your grades
Join milions of students
By signing up you accept Terms of Service and Privacy Policy
Page 1: Elements and Chemical Bonds
This page introduces the fundamental elements and chemical bonds essential to life processes. The main elements discussed include carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen, while trace elements encompass calcium, potassium, sulfur, and others.
Definition: Elements are substances that cannot be broken down any further through chemical means.
Highlight: Chemical bonds are crucial for life processes, including ionic bonds (electron transfer), nonpolar covalent bonds (equal electron sharing), and polar covalent bonds (unequal electron sharing).
Example: Hydrolysis and dehydration synthesis are opposite reactions - dehydration removes water to create polymers, while hydrolysis adds water to break down molecules.
Vocabulary: Carbohydrates are organic compounds made primarily of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms.
We thought you’d never ask...
What is the Knowunity AI companion?
Our AI companion is specifically built for the needs of students. Based on the millions of content pieces we have on the platform we can provide truly meaningful and relevant answers to students. But its not only about answers, the companion is even more about guiding students through their daily learning challenges, with personalised study plans, quizzes or content pieces in the chat and 100% personalisation based on the students skills and developments.
Where can I download the Knowunity app?
You can download the app in the Google Play Store and in the Apple App Store.
Is Knowunity really free of charge?
That's right! Enjoy free access to study content, connect with fellow students, and get instant help – all at your fingertips.
Can't find what you're looking for? Explore other subjects.
Students love us — and so will you.
4.9/5
App Store
4.8/5
Google Play
The app is very easy to use and well designed. I have found everything I was looking for so far and have been able to learn a lot from the presentations! I will definitely use the app for a class assignment! And of course it also helps a lot as an inspiration.
Stefan S
iOS user
This app is really great. There are so many study notes and help [...]. My problem subject is French, for example, and the app has so many options for help. Thanks to this app, I have improved my French. I would recommend it to anyone.
Samantha Klich
Android user
Wow, I am really amazed. I just tried the app because I've seen it advertised many times and was absolutely stunned. This app is THE HELP you want for school and above all, it offers so many things, such as workouts and fact sheets, which have been VERY helpful to me personally.
Anna
iOS user
I think it’s very much worth it and you’ll end up using it a lot once you get the hang of it and even after looking at others notes you can still ask your Artificial intelligence buddy the question and ask to simplify it if you still don’t get it!!! In the end I think it’s worth it 😊👍 ⚠️Also DID I MENTION ITS FREEE YOU DON’T HAVE TO PAY FOR ANYTHING AND STILL GET YOUR GRADES IN PERFECTLY❗️❗️⚠️
Thomas R
iOS user
Knowunity is the BEST app I’ve used in a minute. This is not an ai review or anything this is genuinely coming from a 7th grade student (I know 2011 im young) but dude this app is a 10/10 i have maintained a 3.8 gpa and have plenty of time for gaming. I love it and my mom is just happy I got good grades
Brad T
Android user
Not only did it help me find the answer but it also showed me alternative ways to solve it. I was horrible in math and science but now I have an a in both subjects. Thanks for the help🤍🤍
David K
iOS user
The app's just great! All I have to do is enter the topic in the search bar and I get the response real fast. I don't have to watch 10 YouTube videos to understand something, so I'm saving my time. Highly recommended!
Sudenaz Ocak
Android user
In school I was really bad at maths but thanks to the app, I am doing better now. I am so grateful that you made the app.
Greenlight Bonnie
Android user
I found this app a couple years ago and it has only gotten better since then. I really love it because it can help with written questions and photo questions. Also, it can find study guides that other people have made as well as flashcard sets and practice tests. The free version is also amazing for students who might not be able to afford it. Would 100% recommend
Aubrey
iOS user
Best app if you're in Highschool or Junior high. I have been using this app for 2 school years and it's the best, it's good if you don't have anyone to help you with school work.😋🩷🎀
Marco B
iOS user
THE QUIZES AND FLASHCARDS ARE SO USEFUL AND I LOVE THE SCHOOLGPT. IT ALSO IS LITREALLY LIKE CHATGPT BUT SMARTER!! HELPED ME WITH MY MASCARA PROBLEMS TOO!! AS WELL AS MY REAL SUBJECTS ! DUHHH 😍😁😲🤑💗✨🎀😮
Elisha
iOS user
This app is phenomenal down to the correct info and the various topics you can study! I greatly recommend it for people who struggle with procrastination and those who need homework help. It has been perfectly accurate for world 1 history as far as I’ve seen! Geometry too!
Paul T
iOS user
The app is very easy to use and well designed. I have found everything I was looking for so far and have been able to learn a lot from the presentations! I will definitely use the app for a class assignment! And of course it also helps a lot as an inspiration.
Stefan S
iOS user
This app is really great. There are so many study notes and help [...]. My problem subject is French, for example, and the app has so many options for help. Thanks to this app, I have improved my French. I would recommend it to anyone.
Samantha Klich
Android user
Wow, I am really amazed. I just tried the app because I've seen it advertised many times and was absolutely stunned. This app is THE HELP you want for school and above all, it offers so many things, such as workouts and fact sheets, which have been VERY helpful to me personally.
Anna
iOS user
I think it’s very much worth it and you’ll end up using it a lot once you get the hang of it and even after looking at others notes you can still ask your Artificial intelligence buddy the question and ask to simplify it if you still don’t get it!!! In the end I think it’s worth it 😊👍 ⚠️Also DID I MENTION ITS FREEE YOU DON’T HAVE TO PAY FOR ANYTHING AND STILL GET YOUR GRADES IN PERFECTLY❗️❗️⚠️
Thomas R
iOS user
Knowunity is the BEST app I’ve used in a minute. This is not an ai review or anything this is genuinely coming from a 7th grade student (I know 2011 im young) but dude this app is a 10/10 i have maintained a 3.8 gpa and have plenty of time for gaming. I love it and my mom is just happy I got good grades
Brad T
Android user
Not only did it help me find the answer but it also showed me alternative ways to solve it. I was horrible in math and science but now I have an a in both subjects. Thanks for the help🤍🤍
David K
iOS user
The app's just great! All I have to do is enter the topic in the search bar and I get the response real fast. I don't have to watch 10 YouTube videos to understand something, so I'm saving my time. Highly recommended!
Sudenaz Ocak
Android user
In school I was really bad at maths but thanks to the app, I am doing better now. I am so grateful that you made the app.
Greenlight Bonnie
Android user
I found this app a couple years ago and it has only gotten better since then. I really love it because it can help with written questions and photo questions. Also, it can find study guides that other people have made as well as flashcard sets and practice tests. The free version is also amazing for students who might not be able to afford it. Would 100% recommend
Aubrey
iOS user
Best app if you're in Highschool or Junior high. I have been using this app for 2 school years and it's the best, it's good if you don't have anyone to help you with school work.😋🩷🎀
Marco B
iOS user
THE QUIZES AND FLASHCARDS ARE SO USEFUL AND I LOVE THE SCHOOLGPT. IT ALSO IS LITREALLY LIKE CHATGPT BUT SMARTER!! HELPED ME WITH MY MASCARA PROBLEMS TOO!! AS WELL AS MY REAL SUBJECTS ! DUHHH 😍😁😲🤑💗✨🎀😮
Elisha
iOS user
This app is phenomenal down to the correct info and the various topics you can study! I greatly recommend it for people who struggle with procrastination and those who need homework help. It has been perfectly accurate for world 1 history as far as I’ve seen! Geometry too!
Paul T
iOS user