Page 1: Types of Learning and Key Researchers
This page introduces several important types of learning studied in AP psychology unit 4: learning.
Insight Learning
Wolfgang Köhler studied insight learning, which involves suddenly realizing how to solve a problem.
Example: Chimpanzees stacking boxes to reach a hanging banana demonstrates insight learning.
Latent Learning
Edward Tolman researched latent learning, where learning occurs but is not apparent until there is an incentive to demonstrate it.
Vocabulary: Cognitive maps are mental representations of the layout of one's environment.
Example: In Tolman's experiments, rats appeared to form cognitive maps of mazes they explored.
Social Learning
Albert Bandura studied observational learning, also called modeling.
Definition: Social learning occurs by observing and imitating members of the same species.
Mirror Neurons
Mirror neurons fire both when performing certain actions and when observing others perform those actions.
Highlight: Mirror neurons may enable imitation, language learning, and empathy in humans.
The page also includes a graph showing the acquisition and extinction of conditioned responses over time in classical conditioning, a key concept in AP psychology conditioning researchers and theories.