The nervous system and psychological concepts in AP Psychology, from... Show more
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Esther Nae
4/16/2023
AP Psychology
AP Psychology Unit Notes
269
•
Apr 16, 2023
•
Esther Nae
@naesther07
The nervous system and psychological concepts in AP Psychology, from... Show more
The neuron is the basic unit of the nervous system, responsible for transmitting information through electrical and chemical signals.
Three main types of neurons are:
Definition: Motor neurons AP Psychology definition - Neurons that communicate information from the central nervous system to muscles.
The action potential is a key process in neural communication:
Vocabulary: Action potential - A brief electrical signal sent down the axon when stimulus reaches threshold .
Neurons communicate via neurotransmitters, chemical messengers that cross synapses between neurons.
Highlight: Understanding neuron structure and function is crucial for grasping how the nervous system AP psychology operates.
Psychology employs both descriptive and experimental research methods to study behavior and mental processes.
Descriptive methods include:
Definition: Naturalistic observation AP psychology definition - A research method involving observing and recording behavior in natural settings without manipulation.
Experimental methods involve manipulating variables to infer cause and effect relationships.
Definition: Experiment AP psychology definition - A research method that manipulates one variable to measure its effect on another variable.
Key figures in psychology's history include:
Highlight: Understanding various research methods is essential for success in AP Psychology research methods.
Consciousness refers to our awareness of internal states and the external world. Key concepts include:
Vocabulary: Paradoxical sleep - Term for REM sleep due to high brain activity but paralyzed body.
Sleep disorders fall into two categories:
Theories of dreaming include:
Highlight: Understanding altered states of consciousness in psychology is crucial for AP Psychology students.
Psychoactive drugs are chemical substances that alter arousal, mood, thinking, sensation, and perception. They affect the central nervous system by crossing the blood-brain barrier.
Key concepts include:
Example: Examples of stimulants include caffeine, cocaine, ecstasy, and nicotine.
Highlight: Understanding the effects of psychoactive drugs is an important topic in AP Psychology.
Sensation involves detecting physical energy from the environment and converting it into neural signals. Perception is the process of selecting, organizing, and interpreting sensations.
Key concepts include:
Vocabulary: Sensory threshold - The minimum strength a stimulus must have to activate a sensory receptor cell.
Interesting phenomena in perception include:
Highlight: Understanding sensation and perception processes is crucial for success in AP Psychology.
Learning is the process of acquiring new and relatively enduring information or behaviors through experience. Key learning theories include:
Definition: Classical conditioning AP psychology definition - A type of learning where a neutral stimulus becomes associated with an unconditioned stimulus to produce a conditioned response.
Vocabulary: Reinforcement - Consequences that increase the likelihood of a behavior recurring.
Vocabulary: Punishment - Consequences that decrease the likelihood of a behavior recurring.
Thorndike's law of effect is a foundational principle in operant conditioning, stating that behaviors followed by satisfying consequences are more likely to be repeated.
Highlight: Understanding learning theories is essential for success in AP Psychology, as they form the basis for explaining many psychological phenomena.
This section explores major theoretical perspectives on personality development.
Definition: Psychoanalytic theory emphasizes childhood experiences and the unconscious mind.
Vocabulary: Fixation occurs when development becomes stuck at a particular psychosexual stage.
Example: Freud's psychosexual stages include oral, anal, phallic, latency, and genital phases.
Highlight: Defense mechanisms are ego-protective responses to unpleasant experiences.
AP Psychology covers essential topics in neuroscience, research methods, consciousness, and learning. Key areas include:
Understanding these foundational concepts is critical for success in AP Psychology, which involves significant memorization and application of psychological principles.
Our AI companion is specifically built for the needs of students. Based on the millions of content pieces we have on the platform we can provide truly meaningful and relevant answers to students. But its not only about answers, the companion is even more about guiding students through their daily learning challenges, with personalised study plans, quizzes or content pieces in the chat and 100% personalisation based on the students skills and developments.
You can download the app in the Google Play Store and in the Apple App Store.
You have the choice, we offer a 100% secure payment via PayPal or an Amazon gift card. There is no limit to how much you can earn.
App Store
Google Play
The app is very easy to use and well designed. I have found everything I was looking for so far and have been able to learn a lot from the presentations! I will definitely use the app for a class assignment! And of course it also helps a lot as an inspiration.
Stefan S
iOS user
This app is really great. There are so many study notes and help [...]. My problem subject is French, for example, and the app has so many options for help. Thanks to this app, I have improved my French. I would recommend it to anyone.
Samantha Klich
Android user
Wow, I am really amazed. I just tried the app because I've seen it advertised many times and was absolutely stunned. This app is THE HELP you want for school and above all, it offers so many things, such as workouts and fact sheets, which have been VERY helpful to me personally.
Anna
iOS user
I think it’s very much worth it and you’ll end up using it a lot once you get the hang of it and even after looking at others notes you can still ask your Artificial intelligence buddy the question and ask to simplify it if you still don’t get it!!! In the end I think it’s worth it 😊👍 ⚠️Also DID I MENTION ITS FREEE YOU DON’T HAVE TO PAY FOR ANYTHING AND STILL GET YOUR GRADES IN PERFECTLY❗️❗️⚠️
Thomas R
iOS user
Knowunity is the BEST app I’ve used in a minute. This is not an ai review or anything this is genuinely coming from a 7th grade student (I know 2011 im young) but dude this app is a 10/10 i have maintained a 3.8 gpa and have plenty of time for gaming. I love it and my mom is just happy I got good grades
Brad T
Android user
Not only did it help me find the answer but it also showed me alternative ways to solve it. I was horrible in math and science but now I have an a in both subjects. Thanks for the help🤍🤍
David K
iOS user
The app's just great! All I have to do is enter the topic in the search bar and I get the response real fast. I don't have to watch 10 YouTube videos to understand something, so I'm saving my time. Highly recommended!
Sudenaz Ocak
Android user
In school I was really bad at maths but thanks to the app, I am doing better now. I am so grateful that you made the app.
Greenlight Bonnie
Android user
I found this app a couple years ago and it has only gotten better since then. I really love it because it can help with written questions and photo questions. Also, it can find study guides that other people have made as well as flashcard sets and practice tests. The free version is also amazing for students who might not be able to afford it. Would 100% recommend
Aubrey
iOS user
Best app if you're in Highschool or Junior high. I have been using this app for 2 school years and it's the best, it's good if you don't have anyone to help you with school work.😋🩷🎀
Marco B
iOS user
THE QUIZES AND FLASHCARDS ARE SO USEFUL AND I LOVE THE SCHOOLGPT. IT ALSO IS LITREALLY LIKE CHATGPT BUT SMARTER!! HELPED ME WITH MY MASCARA PROBLEMS TOO!! AS WELL AS MY REAL SUBJECTS ! DUHHH 😍😁😲🤑💗✨🎀😮
Elisha
iOS user
This app is phenomenal down to the correct info and the various topics you can study! I greatly recommend it for people who struggle with procrastination and those who need homework help. It has been perfectly accurate for world 1 history as far as I’ve seen! Geometry too!
Paul T
iOS user
The app is very easy to use and well designed. I have found everything I was looking for so far and have been able to learn a lot from the presentations! I will definitely use the app for a class assignment! And of course it also helps a lot as an inspiration.
Stefan S
iOS user
This app is really great. There are so many study notes and help [...]. My problem subject is French, for example, and the app has so many options for help. Thanks to this app, I have improved my French. I would recommend it to anyone.
Samantha Klich
Android user
Wow, I am really amazed. I just tried the app because I've seen it advertised many times and was absolutely stunned. This app is THE HELP you want for school and above all, it offers so many things, such as workouts and fact sheets, which have been VERY helpful to me personally.
Anna
iOS user
I think it’s very much worth it and you’ll end up using it a lot once you get the hang of it and even after looking at others notes you can still ask your Artificial intelligence buddy the question and ask to simplify it if you still don’t get it!!! In the end I think it’s worth it 😊👍 ⚠️Also DID I MENTION ITS FREEE YOU DON’T HAVE TO PAY FOR ANYTHING AND STILL GET YOUR GRADES IN PERFECTLY❗️❗️⚠️
Thomas R
iOS user
Knowunity is the BEST app I’ve used in a minute. This is not an ai review or anything this is genuinely coming from a 7th grade student (I know 2011 im young) but dude this app is a 10/10 i have maintained a 3.8 gpa and have plenty of time for gaming. I love it and my mom is just happy I got good grades
Brad T
Android user
Not only did it help me find the answer but it also showed me alternative ways to solve it. I was horrible in math and science but now I have an a in both subjects. Thanks for the help🤍🤍
David K
iOS user
The app's just great! All I have to do is enter the topic in the search bar and I get the response real fast. I don't have to watch 10 YouTube videos to understand something, so I'm saving my time. Highly recommended!
Sudenaz Ocak
Android user
In school I was really bad at maths but thanks to the app, I am doing better now. I am so grateful that you made the app.
Greenlight Bonnie
Android user
I found this app a couple years ago and it has only gotten better since then. I really love it because it can help with written questions and photo questions. Also, it can find study guides that other people have made as well as flashcard sets and practice tests. The free version is also amazing for students who might not be able to afford it. Would 100% recommend
Aubrey
iOS user
Best app if you're in Highschool or Junior high. I have been using this app for 2 school years and it's the best, it's good if you don't have anyone to help you with school work.😋🩷🎀
Marco B
iOS user
THE QUIZES AND FLASHCARDS ARE SO USEFUL AND I LOVE THE SCHOOLGPT. IT ALSO IS LITREALLY LIKE CHATGPT BUT SMARTER!! HELPED ME WITH MY MASCARA PROBLEMS TOO!! AS WELL AS MY REAL SUBJECTS ! DUHHH 😍😁😲🤑💗✨🎀😮
Elisha
iOS user
This app is phenomenal down to the correct info and the various topics you can study! I greatly recommend it for people who struggle with procrastination and those who need homework help. It has been perfectly accurate for world 1 history as far as I’ve seen! Geometry too!
Paul T
iOS user
Esther Nae
@naesther07
The nervous system and psychological concepts in AP Psychology, from neurons to consciousness and learning methods. This comprehensive guide covers essential topics including neural communication, research methods, states of consciousness, drug effects, sensation and perception, learning theories, and personality development.... Show more
Access to all documents
Improve your grades
Join milions of students
By signing up you accept Terms of Service and Privacy Policy
The neuron is the basic unit of the nervous system, responsible for transmitting information through electrical and chemical signals.
Three main types of neurons are:
Definition: Motor neurons AP Psychology definition - Neurons that communicate information from the central nervous system to muscles.
The action potential is a key process in neural communication:
Vocabulary: Action potential - A brief electrical signal sent down the axon when stimulus reaches threshold .
Neurons communicate via neurotransmitters, chemical messengers that cross synapses between neurons.
Highlight: Understanding neuron structure and function is crucial for grasping how the nervous system AP psychology operates.
Access to all documents
Improve your grades
Join milions of students
By signing up you accept Terms of Service and Privacy Policy
Psychology employs both descriptive and experimental research methods to study behavior and mental processes.
Descriptive methods include:
Definition: Naturalistic observation AP psychology definition - A research method involving observing and recording behavior in natural settings without manipulation.
Experimental methods involve manipulating variables to infer cause and effect relationships.
Definition: Experiment AP psychology definition - A research method that manipulates one variable to measure its effect on another variable.
Key figures in psychology's history include:
Highlight: Understanding various research methods is essential for success in AP Psychology research methods.
Access to all documents
Improve your grades
Join milions of students
By signing up you accept Terms of Service and Privacy Policy
Consciousness refers to our awareness of internal states and the external world. Key concepts include:
Vocabulary: Paradoxical sleep - Term for REM sleep due to high brain activity but paralyzed body.
Sleep disorders fall into two categories:
Theories of dreaming include:
Highlight: Understanding altered states of consciousness in psychology is crucial for AP Psychology students.
Access to all documents
Improve your grades
Join milions of students
By signing up you accept Terms of Service and Privacy Policy
Psychoactive drugs are chemical substances that alter arousal, mood, thinking, sensation, and perception. They affect the central nervous system by crossing the blood-brain barrier.
Key concepts include:
Example: Examples of stimulants include caffeine, cocaine, ecstasy, and nicotine.
Highlight: Understanding the effects of psychoactive drugs is an important topic in AP Psychology.
Access to all documents
Improve your grades
Join milions of students
By signing up you accept Terms of Service and Privacy Policy
Sensation involves detecting physical energy from the environment and converting it into neural signals. Perception is the process of selecting, organizing, and interpreting sensations.
Key concepts include:
Vocabulary: Sensory threshold - The minimum strength a stimulus must have to activate a sensory receptor cell.
Interesting phenomena in perception include:
Highlight: Understanding sensation and perception processes is crucial for success in AP Psychology.
Access to all documents
Improve your grades
Join milions of students
By signing up you accept Terms of Service and Privacy Policy
Learning is the process of acquiring new and relatively enduring information or behaviors through experience. Key learning theories include:
Definition: Classical conditioning AP psychology definition - A type of learning where a neutral stimulus becomes associated with an unconditioned stimulus to produce a conditioned response.
Vocabulary: Reinforcement - Consequences that increase the likelihood of a behavior recurring.
Vocabulary: Punishment - Consequences that decrease the likelihood of a behavior recurring.
Thorndike's law of effect is a foundational principle in operant conditioning, stating that behaviors followed by satisfying consequences are more likely to be repeated.
Highlight: Understanding learning theories is essential for success in AP Psychology, as they form the basis for explaining many psychological phenomena.
Access to all documents
Improve your grades
Join milions of students
By signing up you accept Terms of Service and Privacy Policy
This section explores major theoretical perspectives on personality development.
Definition: Psychoanalytic theory emphasizes childhood experiences and the unconscious mind.
Vocabulary: Fixation occurs when development becomes stuck at a particular psychosexual stage.
Example: Freud's psychosexual stages include oral, anal, phallic, latency, and genital phases.
Highlight: Defense mechanisms are ego-protective responses to unpleasant experiences.
Access to all documents
Improve your grades
Join milions of students
By signing up you accept Terms of Service and Privacy Policy
AP Psychology covers essential topics in neuroscience, research methods, consciousness, and learning. Key areas include:
Understanding these foundational concepts is critical for success in AP Psychology, which involves significant memorization and application of psychological principles.
Our AI companion is specifically built for the needs of students. Based on the millions of content pieces we have on the platform we can provide truly meaningful and relevant answers to students. But its not only about answers, the companion is even more about guiding students through their daily learning challenges, with personalised study plans, quizzes or content pieces in the chat and 100% personalisation based on the students skills and developments.
You can download the app in the Google Play Store and in the Apple App Store.
You have the choice, we offer a 100% secure payment via PayPal or an Amazon gift card. There is no limit to how much you can earn.
App Store
Google Play
The app is very easy to use and well designed. I have found everything I was looking for so far and have been able to learn a lot from the presentations! I will definitely use the app for a class assignment! And of course it also helps a lot as an inspiration.
Stefan S
iOS user
This app is really great. There are so many study notes and help [...]. My problem subject is French, for example, and the app has so many options for help. Thanks to this app, I have improved my French. I would recommend it to anyone.
Samantha Klich
Android user
Wow, I am really amazed. I just tried the app because I've seen it advertised many times and was absolutely stunned. This app is THE HELP you want for school and above all, it offers so many things, such as workouts and fact sheets, which have been VERY helpful to me personally.
Anna
iOS user
I think it’s very much worth it and you’ll end up using it a lot once you get the hang of it and even after looking at others notes you can still ask your Artificial intelligence buddy the question and ask to simplify it if you still don’t get it!!! In the end I think it’s worth it 😊👍 ⚠️Also DID I MENTION ITS FREEE YOU DON’T HAVE TO PAY FOR ANYTHING AND STILL GET YOUR GRADES IN PERFECTLY❗️❗️⚠️
Thomas R
iOS user
Knowunity is the BEST app I’ve used in a minute. This is not an ai review or anything this is genuinely coming from a 7th grade student (I know 2011 im young) but dude this app is a 10/10 i have maintained a 3.8 gpa and have plenty of time for gaming. I love it and my mom is just happy I got good grades
Brad T
Android user
Not only did it help me find the answer but it also showed me alternative ways to solve it. I was horrible in math and science but now I have an a in both subjects. Thanks for the help🤍🤍
David K
iOS user
The app's just great! All I have to do is enter the topic in the search bar and I get the response real fast. I don't have to watch 10 YouTube videos to understand something, so I'm saving my time. Highly recommended!
Sudenaz Ocak
Android user
In school I was really bad at maths but thanks to the app, I am doing better now. I am so grateful that you made the app.
Greenlight Bonnie
Android user
I found this app a couple years ago and it has only gotten better since then. I really love it because it can help with written questions and photo questions. Also, it can find study guides that other people have made as well as flashcard sets and practice tests. The free version is also amazing for students who might not be able to afford it. Would 100% recommend
Aubrey
iOS user
Best app if you're in Highschool or Junior high. I have been using this app for 2 school years and it's the best, it's good if you don't have anyone to help you with school work.😋🩷🎀
Marco B
iOS user
THE QUIZES AND FLASHCARDS ARE SO USEFUL AND I LOVE THE SCHOOLGPT. IT ALSO IS LITREALLY LIKE CHATGPT BUT SMARTER!! HELPED ME WITH MY MASCARA PROBLEMS TOO!! AS WELL AS MY REAL SUBJECTS ! DUHHH 😍😁😲🤑💗✨🎀😮
Elisha
iOS user
This app is phenomenal down to the correct info and the various topics you can study! I greatly recommend it for people who struggle with procrastination and those who need homework help. It has been perfectly accurate for world 1 history as far as I’ve seen! Geometry too!
Paul T
iOS user
The app is very easy to use and well designed. I have found everything I was looking for so far and have been able to learn a lot from the presentations! I will definitely use the app for a class assignment! And of course it also helps a lot as an inspiration.
Stefan S
iOS user
This app is really great. There are so many study notes and help [...]. My problem subject is French, for example, and the app has so many options for help. Thanks to this app, I have improved my French. I would recommend it to anyone.
Samantha Klich
Android user
Wow, I am really amazed. I just tried the app because I've seen it advertised many times and was absolutely stunned. This app is THE HELP you want for school and above all, it offers so many things, such as workouts and fact sheets, which have been VERY helpful to me personally.
Anna
iOS user
I think it’s very much worth it and you’ll end up using it a lot once you get the hang of it and even after looking at others notes you can still ask your Artificial intelligence buddy the question and ask to simplify it if you still don’t get it!!! In the end I think it’s worth it 😊👍 ⚠️Also DID I MENTION ITS FREEE YOU DON’T HAVE TO PAY FOR ANYTHING AND STILL GET YOUR GRADES IN PERFECTLY❗️❗️⚠️
Thomas R
iOS user
Knowunity is the BEST app I’ve used in a minute. This is not an ai review or anything this is genuinely coming from a 7th grade student (I know 2011 im young) but dude this app is a 10/10 i have maintained a 3.8 gpa and have plenty of time for gaming. I love it and my mom is just happy I got good grades
Brad T
Android user
Not only did it help me find the answer but it also showed me alternative ways to solve it. I was horrible in math and science but now I have an a in both subjects. Thanks for the help🤍🤍
David K
iOS user
The app's just great! All I have to do is enter the topic in the search bar and I get the response real fast. I don't have to watch 10 YouTube videos to understand something, so I'm saving my time. Highly recommended!
Sudenaz Ocak
Android user
In school I was really bad at maths but thanks to the app, I am doing better now. I am so grateful that you made the app.
Greenlight Bonnie
Android user
I found this app a couple years ago and it has only gotten better since then. I really love it because it can help with written questions and photo questions. Also, it can find study guides that other people have made as well as flashcard sets and practice tests. The free version is also amazing for students who might not be able to afford it. Would 100% recommend
Aubrey
iOS user
Best app if you're in Highschool or Junior high. I have been using this app for 2 school years and it's the best, it's good if you don't have anyone to help you with school work.😋🩷🎀
Marco B
iOS user
THE QUIZES AND FLASHCARDS ARE SO USEFUL AND I LOVE THE SCHOOLGPT. IT ALSO IS LITREALLY LIKE CHATGPT BUT SMARTER!! HELPED ME WITH MY MASCARA PROBLEMS TOO!! AS WELL AS MY REAL SUBJECTS ! DUHHH 😍😁😲🤑💗✨🎀😮
Elisha
iOS user
This app is phenomenal down to the correct info and the various topics you can study! I greatly recommend it for people who struggle with procrastination and those who need homework help. It has been perfectly accurate for world 1 history as far as I’ve seen! Geometry too!
Paul T
iOS user