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5.3 Mendelian Genetics
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5.3 Mendelian Genetics I. Introduction to Mendelian Genetics A. Mendelian genetics refers to the principles of inheritance discovered by Gregor Mendel in the mid-19th century. B. Mendel's experiments with pea plants laid the foundation for understanding the patterns of inheritance and the laws of genetics. II. Mendel's Laws of Inheritance A. Law of Segregation Each individual has two alleles for a given trait, which separate (segregate) during gamete formation. The alleles segregate independently of each other, leading to the random assortment of traits. B. Law of Independent Assortment The inheritance of one trait does not affect the inheritance of another trait. Genes for different traits segregate independently of each other during gamete formation. III. Genotypes and Phenotypes A. Genotype refers to the genetic makeup of an individual, representing the combination of alleles for a particular trait. B. Phenotype refers to the observable characteristics or traits of an individual, resulting from the interaction of genotype with the environment. IV. Punnett Squares A. Punnett squares are a graphical tool used to predict the outcomes of genetic crosses. B. They represent the possible combinations of alleles that can be inherited from parents and their probability of occurrence. V. Monohybrid Crosses A. Monohybrid crosses involve the inheritance of a single trait. B. By using Punnett squares, the possible genotypes and phenotypes of offspring can be predicted based on the parental genotypes. VI. Dihybrid Crosses A. Dihybrid...
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Alternative transcript:
crosses involve the inheritance of two different traits simultaneously. B. The principles of the law of independent assortment can be applied to determine the genotypes and phenotypes of offspring. VII. Mendelian Inheritance Patterns A. Dominant and Recessive Traits Dominant traits are expressed in individuals with either one or two copies of the dominant allele. Recessive traits are only expressed in individuals with two copies of the recessive allele. B. Incomplete Dominance In incomplete dominance, neither allele is completely dominant over the other, resulting in an intermediate phenotype. C. Codominance In codominance, both alleles are expressed simultaneously, resulting in a phenotype that shows characteristics of both alleles. VIII. Pedigree Analysis A. Pedigrees are diagrams that depict the inheritance patterns of genetic traits in a family. B. They can be used to trace the transmission of traits and determine if they follow Mendelian patterns of inheritance. IX. Conclusion A. Mendelian genetics provides a foundation for understanding the inheritance of traits and the patterns of genetic variation. B. The principles established by Mendel continue to be influential in modern genetics and have paved the way for further discoveries in the field.
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5.3 Mendelian Genetics I. Introduction to Mendelian Genetics A. Mendelian genetics refers to the principles of inheritance discovered by Gregor Mendel in the mid-19th century. B. Mendel's experiments with pea plants laid the foundation for understanding the patterns of inheritance and the laws of genetics. II. Mendel's Laws of Inheritance A. Law of Segregation Each individual has two alleles for a given trait, which separate (segregate) during gamete formation. The alleles segregate independently of each other, leading to the random assortment of traits. B. Law of Independent Assortment The inheritance of one trait does not affect the inheritance of another trait. Genes for different traits segregate independently of each other during gamete formation. III. Genotypes and Phenotypes A. Genotype refers to the genetic makeup of an individual, representing the combination of alleles for a particular trait. B. Phenotype refers to the observable characteristics or traits of an individual, resulting from the interaction of genotype with the environment. IV. Punnett Squares A. Punnett squares are a graphical tool used to predict the outcomes of genetic crosses. B. They represent the possible combinations of alleles that can be inherited from parents and their probability of occurrence. V. Monohybrid Crosses A. Monohybrid crosses involve the inheritance of a single trait. B. By using Punnett squares, the possible genotypes and phenotypes of offspring can be predicted based on the parental genotypes. VI. Dihybrid Crosses A. Dihybrid...
5.3 Mendelian Genetics I. Introduction to Mendelian Genetics A. Mendelian genetics refers to the principles of inheritance discovered by Gregor Mendel in the mid-19th century. B. Mendel's experiments with pea plants laid the foundation for understanding the patterns of inheritance and the laws of genetics. II. Mendel's Laws of Inheritance A. Law of Segregation Each individual has two alleles for a given trait, which separate (segregate) during gamete formation. The alleles segregate independently of each other, leading to the random assortment of traits. B. Law of Independent Assortment The inheritance of one trait does not affect the inheritance of another trait. Genes for different traits segregate independently of each other during gamete formation. III. Genotypes and Phenotypes A. Genotype refers to the genetic makeup of an individual, representing the combination of alleles for a particular trait. B. Phenotype refers to the observable characteristics or traits of an individual, resulting from the interaction of genotype with the environment. IV. Punnett Squares A. Punnett squares are a graphical tool used to predict the outcomes of genetic crosses. B. They represent the possible combinations of alleles that can be inherited from parents and their probability of occurrence. V. Monohybrid Crosses A. Monohybrid crosses involve the inheritance of a single trait. B. By using Punnett squares, the possible genotypes and phenotypes of offspring can be predicted based on the parental genotypes. VI. Dihybrid Crosses A. Dihybrid...
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iOS User
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Stefan S, iOS User
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SuSSan, iOS User
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Alternative transcript:
crosses involve the inheritance of two different traits simultaneously. B. The principles of the law of independent assortment can be applied to determine the genotypes and phenotypes of offspring. VII. Mendelian Inheritance Patterns A. Dominant and Recessive Traits Dominant traits are expressed in individuals with either one or two copies of the dominant allele. Recessive traits are only expressed in individuals with two copies of the recessive allele. B. Incomplete Dominance In incomplete dominance, neither allele is completely dominant over the other, resulting in an intermediate phenotype. C. Codominance In codominance, both alleles are expressed simultaneously, resulting in a phenotype that shows characteristics of both alleles. VIII. Pedigree Analysis A. Pedigrees are diagrams that depict the inheritance patterns of genetic traits in a family. B. They can be used to trace the transmission of traits and determine if they follow Mendelian patterns of inheritance. IX. Conclusion A. Mendelian genetics provides a foundation for understanding the inheritance of traits and the patterns of genetic variation. B. The principles established by Mendel continue to be influential in modern genetics and have paved the way for further discoveries in the field.