Subjects

Careers

Open the App

Subjects

Subjects

Biology

Genes

Genes, Traits, and the Environment

Dihybrid Cross and the Law of Independent Assortment

869

•

Jan 26, 2023

•

1 page

Understanding Mendel's Laws and Genetic Variation – Inheritance for Kids

user profile picture

Macy

@macy19582

Mendel's laws of inheritance and genetic variation mechanisms form the... Show more

Inheritance Different modes of Mutagens: Inheritance: Complete dominance •Most traits follow. a classical dominant/ recessive pattern of in

Inheritance and Genetic Variation

This page covers the fundamental concepts of inheritance patterns and mechanisms of genetic variation, including Mendel's law of inheritance, types of dominance, and processes that contribute to genetic diversity.

Mendel's Laws of Inheritance

Gregor Mendel established three key principles that form the foundation of genetic inheritance:

  1. Law of Segregation: During gamete formation, the two alleles for each gene separate, ensuring that each gamete carries only one allele for each gene.
  2. Law of Independent Assortment: The segregation of alleles for one gene occurs independently of other genes, leading to the random assortment of chromosomes during meiosis.
  3. Law of Dominance: In heterozygous individuals, the dominant allele will mask the expression of the recessive allele in the phenotype.

Highlight: These laws explain how genetic traits are passed from parents to offspring and form the basis of modern genetics.

Types of Dominance

The page discusses two main types of dominance:

  1. Complete Dominance: Most common inheritance pattern Dominant allele representedbyacapitalletterrepresented by a capital letter completely masks the recessive allele lowercaseletterlowercase letter Examples of genotypes: BB, Bb, bb
  2. Co-dominance: Both alleles are expressed equally in the phenotype Example: Feathering in chickens - Black BB, White WW, Speckled Coat B/WB/W

Example: In chicken feather color, black BB and white WW alleles can be co-dominant, resulting in a speckled coat B/WB/W when both alleles are present.

Crossing Over

The page explains the process of crossing over:

  • Occurs during prophase I of meiosis
  • Homologous chromosomes pair up
  • Genetic material is exchanged between non-sister chromatids
  • Contributes to genetic variation

Definition: Crossing over is the exchange of genetic material between homologous chromosomes during meiosis, which increases genetic diversity in offspring.

Zygosity

The concept of zygosity is introduced:

  • Gametes are haploid, containing one allele for each gene
  • Zygotes formed after fertilization contain two alleles for each gene
  • Homozygous: maternal and paternal alleles are the same
  • Heterozygous: maternal and paternal alleles are different

Vocabulary: Zygosity refers to the genetic similarity of alleles for a trait in an organism.

Practical Application

The page concludes with an example problem:

Parents: Rr x rr Gametes: R or r × r Key: R - round, r - wrinkled Chances: 50% round, 50% wrinkled Ratio: 1:1

Example: This problem demonstrates how to predict offspring phenotypes based on parental genotypes using Mendel's law of inheritance.

The page effectively covers the core concepts of Mendel's law of inheritance, types of dominance, and mechanisms of genetic variation, providing a comprehensive overview of basic genetics principles.



Can't find what you're looking for? Explore other subjects.

Students love us — and so will you.

4.9/5

App Store

4.8/5

Google Play

The app is very easy to use and well designed. I have found everything I was looking for so far and have been able to learn a lot from the presentations! I will definitely use the app for a class assignment! And of course it also helps a lot as an inspiration.

Stefan S

iOS user

This app is really great. There are so many study notes and help [...]. My problem subject is French, for example, and the app has so many options for help. Thanks to this app, I have improved my French. I would recommend it to anyone.

Samantha Klich

Android user

Wow, I am really amazed. I just tried the app because I've seen it advertised many times and was absolutely stunned. This app is THE HELP you want for school and above all, it offers so many things, such as workouts and fact sheets, which have been VERY helpful to me personally.

Anna

iOS user

I think it’s very much worth it and you’ll end up using it a lot once you get the hang of it and even after looking at others notes you can still ask your Artificial intelligence buddy the question and ask to simplify it if you still don’t get it!!! In the end I think it’s worth it 😊👍 ⚠️Also DID I MENTION ITS FREEE YOU DON’T HAVE TO PAY FOR ANYTHING AND STILL GET YOUR GRADES IN PERFECTLY❗️❗️⚠️

Thomas R

iOS user

Knowunity is the BEST app I’ve used in a minute. This is not an ai review or anything this is genuinely coming from a 7th grade student (I know 2011 im young) but dude this app is a 10/10 i have maintained a 3.8 gpa and have plenty of time for gaming. I love it and my mom is just happy I got good grades

Brad T

Android user

Not only did it help me find the answer but it also showed me alternative ways to solve it. I was horrible in math and science but now I have an a in both subjects. Thanks for the help🤍🤍

David K

iOS user

The app's just great! All I have to do is enter the topic in the search bar and I get the response real fast. I don't have to watch 10 YouTube videos to understand something, so I'm saving my time. Highly recommended!

Sudenaz Ocak

Android user

In school I was really bad at maths but thanks to the app, I am doing better now. I am so grateful that you made the app.

Greenlight Bonnie

Android user

I found this app a couple years ago and it has only gotten better since then. I really love it because it can help with written questions and photo questions. Also, it can find study guides that other people have made as well as flashcard sets and practice tests. The free version is also amazing for students who might not be able to afford it. Would 100% recommend

Aubrey

iOS user

Best app if you're in Highschool or Junior high. I have been using this app for 2 school years and it's the best, it's good if you don't have anyone to help you with school work.😋🩷🎀

Marco B

iOS user

THE QUIZES AND FLASHCARDS ARE SO USEFUL AND I LOVE THE SCHOOLGPT. IT ALSO IS LITREALLY LIKE CHATGPT BUT SMARTER!! HELPED ME WITH MY MASCARA PROBLEMS TOO!! AS WELL AS MY REAL SUBJECTS ! DUHHH 😍😁😲🤑💗✨🎀😮

Elisha

iOS user

This app is phenomenal down to the correct info and the various topics you can study! I greatly recommend it for people who struggle with procrastination and those who need homework help. It has been perfectly accurate for world 1 history as far as I’ve seen! Geometry too!

Paul T

iOS user

The app is very easy to use and well designed. I have found everything I was looking for so far and have been able to learn a lot from the presentations! I will definitely use the app for a class assignment! And of course it also helps a lot as an inspiration.

Stefan S

iOS user

This app is really great. There are so many study notes and help [...]. My problem subject is French, for example, and the app has so many options for help. Thanks to this app, I have improved my French. I would recommend it to anyone.

Samantha Klich

Android user

Wow, I am really amazed. I just tried the app because I've seen it advertised many times and was absolutely stunned. This app is THE HELP you want for school and above all, it offers so many things, such as workouts and fact sheets, which have been VERY helpful to me personally.

Anna

iOS user

I think it’s very much worth it and you’ll end up using it a lot once you get the hang of it and even after looking at others notes you can still ask your Artificial intelligence buddy the question and ask to simplify it if you still don’t get it!!! In the end I think it’s worth it 😊👍 ⚠️Also DID I MENTION ITS FREEE YOU DON’T HAVE TO PAY FOR ANYTHING AND STILL GET YOUR GRADES IN PERFECTLY❗️❗️⚠️

Thomas R

iOS user

Knowunity is the BEST app I’ve used in a minute. This is not an ai review or anything this is genuinely coming from a 7th grade student (I know 2011 im young) but dude this app is a 10/10 i have maintained a 3.8 gpa and have plenty of time for gaming. I love it and my mom is just happy I got good grades

Brad T

Android user

Not only did it help me find the answer but it also showed me alternative ways to solve it. I was horrible in math and science but now I have an a in both subjects. Thanks for the help🤍🤍

David K

iOS user

The app's just great! All I have to do is enter the topic in the search bar and I get the response real fast. I don't have to watch 10 YouTube videos to understand something, so I'm saving my time. Highly recommended!

Sudenaz Ocak

Android user

In school I was really bad at maths but thanks to the app, I am doing better now. I am so grateful that you made the app.

Greenlight Bonnie

Android user

I found this app a couple years ago and it has only gotten better since then. I really love it because it can help with written questions and photo questions. Also, it can find study guides that other people have made as well as flashcard sets and practice tests. The free version is also amazing for students who might not be able to afford it. Would 100% recommend

Aubrey

iOS user

Best app if you're in Highschool or Junior high. I have been using this app for 2 school years and it's the best, it's good if you don't have anyone to help you with school work.😋🩷🎀

Marco B

iOS user

THE QUIZES AND FLASHCARDS ARE SO USEFUL AND I LOVE THE SCHOOLGPT. IT ALSO IS LITREALLY LIKE CHATGPT BUT SMARTER!! HELPED ME WITH MY MASCARA PROBLEMS TOO!! AS WELL AS MY REAL SUBJECTS ! DUHHH 😍😁😲🤑💗✨🎀😮

Elisha

iOS user

This app is phenomenal down to the correct info and the various topics you can study! I greatly recommend it for people who struggle with procrastination and those who need homework help. It has been perfectly accurate for world 1 history as far as I’ve seen! Geometry too!

Paul T

iOS user

Subjects

Biology

Genes

Genes, Traits, and the Environment

Dihybrid Cross and the Law of Independent Assortment

 

Biology

•

869

•

Jan 26, 2023

•

1 page

Understanding Mendel's Laws and Genetic Variation – Inheritance for Kids

user profile picture

Macy

@macy19582

Mendel's laws of inheritance and genetic variation mechanisms form the foundation of modern genetics, explaining how traits are passed from parents to offspring and how genetic diversity arises. Mendel's Law of inheritanceencompasses three key principles that govern the transmission... Show more

Inheritance Different modes of Mutagens: Inheritance: Complete dominance •Most traits follow. a classical dominant/ recessive pattern of in

Sign up to see the contentIt's free!

Access to all documents

Improve your grades

Join milions of students

By signing up you accept Terms of Service and Privacy Policy

Inheritance and Genetic Variation

This page covers the fundamental concepts of inheritance patterns and mechanisms of genetic variation, including Mendel's law of inheritance, types of dominance, and processes that contribute to genetic diversity.

Mendel's Laws of Inheritance

Gregor Mendel established three key principles that form the foundation of genetic inheritance:

  1. Law of Segregation: During gamete formation, the two alleles for each gene separate, ensuring that each gamete carries only one allele for each gene.
  2. Law of Independent Assortment: The segregation of alleles for one gene occurs independently of other genes, leading to the random assortment of chromosomes during meiosis.
  3. Law of Dominance: In heterozygous individuals, the dominant allele will mask the expression of the recessive allele in the phenotype.

Highlight: These laws explain how genetic traits are passed from parents to offspring and form the basis of modern genetics.

Types of Dominance

The page discusses two main types of dominance:

  1. Complete Dominance: Most common inheritance pattern Dominant allele representedbyacapitalletterrepresented by a capital letter completely masks the recessive allele lowercaseletterlowercase letter Examples of genotypes: BB, Bb, bb
  2. Co-dominance: Both alleles are expressed equally in the phenotype Example: Feathering in chickens - Black BB, White WW, Speckled Coat B/WB/W

Example: In chicken feather color, black BB and white WW alleles can be co-dominant, resulting in a speckled coat B/WB/W when both alleles are present.

Crossing Over

The page explains the process of crossing over:

  • Occurs during prophase I of meiosis
  • Homologous chromosomes pair up
  • Genetic material is exchanged between non-sister chromatids
  • Contributes to genetic variation

Definition: Crossing over is the exchange of genetic material between homologous chromosomes during meiosis, which increases genetic diversity in offspring.

Zygosity

The concept of zygosity is introduced:

  • Gametes are haploid, containing one allele for each gene
  • Zygotes formed after fertilization contain two alleles for each gene
  • Homozygous: maternal and paternal alleles are the same
  • Heterozygous: maternal and paternal alleles are different

Vocabulary: Zygosity refers to the genetic similarity of alleles for a trait in an organism.

Practical Application

The page concludes with an example problem:

Parents: Rr x rr Gametes: R or r × r Key: R - round, r - wrinkled Chances: 50% round, 50% wrinkled Ratio: 1:1

Example: This problem demonstrates how to predict offspring phenotypes based on parental genotypes using Mendel's law of inheritance.

The page effectively covers the core concepts of Mendel's law of inheritance, types of dominance, and mechanisms of genetic variation, providing a comprehensive overview of basic genetics principles.

Can't find what you're looking for? Explore other subjects.

Students love us — and so will you.

4.9/5

App Store

4.8/5

Google Play

The app is very easy to use and well designed. I have found everything I was looking for so far and have been able to learn a lot from the presentations! I will definitely use the app for a class assignment! And of course it also helps a lot as an inspiration.

Stefan S

iOS user

This app is really great. There are so many study notes and help [...]. My problem subject is French, for example, and the app has so many options for help. Thanks to this app, I have improved my French. I would recommend it to anyone.

Samantha Klich

Android user

Wow, I am really amazed. I just tried the app because I've seen it advertised many times and was absolutely stunned. This app is THE HELP you want for school and above all, it offers so many things, such as workouts and fact sheets, which have been VERY helpful to me personally.

Anna

iOS user

I think it’s very much worth it and you’ll end up using it a lot once you get the hang of it and even after looking at others notes you can still ask your Artificial intelligence buddy the question and ask to simplify it if you still don’t get it!!! In the end I think it’s worth it 😊👍 ⚠️Also DID I MENTION ITS FREEE YOU DON’T HAVE TO PAY FOR ANYTHING AND STILL GET YOUR GRADES IN PERFECTLY❗️❗️⚠️

Thomas R

iOS user

Knowunity is the BEST app I’ve used in a minute. This is not an ai review or anything this is genuinely coming from a 7th grade student (I know 2011 im young) but dude this app is a 10/10 i have maintained a 3.8 gpa and have plenty of time for gaming. I love it and my mom is just happy I got good grades

Brad T

Android user

Not only did it help me find the answer but it also showed me alternative ways to solve it. I was horrible in math and science but now I have an a in both subjects. Thanks for the help🤍🤍

David K

iOS user

The app's just great! All I have to do is enter the topic in the search bar and I get the response real fast. I don't have to watch 10 YouTube videos to understand something, so I'm saving my time. Highly recommended!

Sudenaz Ocak

Android user

In school I was really bad at maths but thanks to the app, I am doing better now. I am so grateful that you made the app.

Greenlight Bonnie

Android user

I found this app a couple years ago and it has only gotten better since then. I really love it because it can help with written questions and photo questions. Also, it can find study guides that other people have made as well as flashcard sets and practice tests. The free version is also amazing for students who might not be able to afford it. Would 100% recommend

Aubrey

iOS user

Best app if you're in Highschool or Junior high. I have been using this app for 2 school years and it's the best, it's good if you don't have anyone to help you with school work.😋🩷🎀

Marco B

iOS user

THE QUIZES AND FLASHCARDS ARE SO USEFUL AND I LOVE THE SCHOOLGPT. IT ALSO IS LITREALLY LIKE CHATGPT BUT SMARTER!! HELPED ME WITH MY MASCARA PROBLEMS TOO!! AS WELL AS MY REAL SUBJECTS ! DUHHH 😍😁😲🤑💗✨🎀😮

Elisha

iOS user

This app is phenomenal down to the correct info and the various topics you can study! I greatly recommend it for people who struggle with procrastination and those who need homework help. It has been perfectly accurate for world 1 history as far as I’ve seen! Geometry too!

Paul T

iOS user

The app is very easy to use and well designed. I have found everything I was looking for so far and have been able to learn a lot from the presentations! I will definitely use the app for a class assignment! And of course it also helps a lot as an inspiration.

Stefan S

iOS user

This app is really great. There are so many study notes and help [...]. My problem subject is French, for example, and the app has so many options for help. Thanks to this app, I have improved my French. I would recommend it to anyone.

Samantha Klich

Android user

Wow, I am really amazed. I just tried the app because I've seen it advertised many times and was absolutely stunned. This app is THE HELP you want for school and above all, it offers so many things, such as workouts and fact sheets, which have been VERY helpful to me personally.

Anna

iOS user

I think it’s very much worth it and you’ll end up using it a lot once you get the hang of it and even after looking at others notes you can still ask your Artificial intelligence buddy the question and ask to simplify it if you still don’t get it!!! In the end I think it’s worth it 😊👍 ⚠️Also DID I MENTION ITS FREEE YOU DON’T HAVE TO PAY FOR ANYTHING AND STILL GET YOUR GRADES IN PERFECTLY❗️❗️⚠️

Thomas R

iOS user

Knowunity is the BEST app I’ve used in a minute. This is not an ai review or anything this is genuinely coming from a 7th grade student (I know 2011 im young) but dude this app is a 10/10 i have maintained a 3.8 gpa and have plenty of time for gaming. I love it and my mom is just happy I got good grades

Brad T

Android user

Not only did it help me find the answer but it also showed me alternative ways to solve it. I was horrible in math and science but now I have an a in both subjects. Thanks for the help🤍🤍

David K

iOS user

The app's just great! All I have to do is enter the topic in the search bar and I get the response real fast. I don't have to watch 10 YouTube videos to understand something, so I'm saving my time. Highly recommended!

Sudenaz Ocak

Android user

In school I was really bad at maths but thanks to the app, I am doing better now. I am so grateful that you made the app.

Greenlight Bonnie

Android user

I found this app a couple years ago and it has only gotten better since then. I really love it because it can help with written questions and photo questions. Also, it can find study guides that other people have made as well as flashcard sets and practice tests. The free version is also amazing for students who might not be able to afford it. Would 100% recommend

Aubrey

iOS user

Best app if you're in Highschool or Junior high. I have been using this app for 2 school years and it's the best, it's good if you don't have anyone to help you with school work.😋🩷🎀

Marco B

iOS user

THE QUIZES AND FLASHCARDS ARE SO USEFUL AND I LOVE THE SCHOOLGPT. IT ALSO IS LITREALLY LIKE CHATGPT BUT SMARTER!! HELPED ME WITH MY MASCARA PROBLEMS TOO!! AS WELL AS MY REAL SUBJECTS ! DUHHH 😍😁😲🤑💗✨🎀😮

Elisha

iOS user

This app is phenomenal down to the correct info and the various topics you can study! I greatly recommend it for people who struggle with procrastination and those who need homework help. It has been perfectly accurate for world 1 history as far as I’ve seen! Geometry too!

Paul T

iOS user