Definition: Cellular respiration is the process of breaking down glucose to produce ATP, occurring in all living cells.

Highlight: While photosynthesis occurs only in plant chloroplasts, cellular respiration takes place in all cells' mitochondria (except bacteria, where it occurs in the cytoplasm).

Example: The cellular respiration equation is: C6H₁₂O6 + 6O₂ → 6CO₂ + 6H₂O + 36ATP

Vocabulary: Mitochondria are the cellular organelles responsible for energy production through cellular respiration.

Definition: Anaerobic respiration, or fermentation, is cellular respiration without oxygen, producing only 2 ATP compared to 36 ATP in aerobic respiration.

Highlight: Fermentation occurs in two main types: lactic acid fermentation in muscle cells and alcohol fermentation in bacteria and yeast.

Example: Lactic acid fermentation equation: Glucose → 2 lactic acid + 2 ATP Alcohol fermentation equation: Glucose → 2 ethyl alcohol + 2CO₂ + 2ATP

Vocabulary: Glycolysis is the first step of cellular respiration that doesn't require oxygen and occurs before fermentation or the Krebs cycle.

Definition: ATP (Adenosine Triphosphate) is the primary energy currency of cells, consisting of adenosine and three phosphate groups.

Vocabulary: Photosynthesis is the process where plants convert sunlight into chemical energy, producing glucose and oxygen from carbon dioxide and water.

Example: The photosynthesis equation can be written as: 6CO₂ + 6H₂O → C6H₁₂O6 + 6O₂

Highlight: The conversion from solar energy to chemical energy during photosynthesis is a crucial process that sustains life on Earth.