Respiratory System Anatomy and Common Conditions

The respiratory system is a complex network of organs and structures that work together to facilitate breathing and maintain life. The system begins with the nose, which contains protective hair and mucus to trap harmful microbes, leading to the nasal cavity that serves to warm and filter incoming air.

The pharynx (throat) plays a crucial dual role in both respiratory and digestive processes, while the epiglottis acts as a protective flap to prevent food aspiration. The larynx houses the vocal cords, and the trachea, supported by cartilage rings, branches into the bronchi leading to the lungs.

Vocabulary: The prefix "pneum-" relates to lung or air, while "pulmon-" specifically refers to the lung. "Respir-" relates to breathing.

Definition: External respiration refers to the gas exchange process that occurs in the alveoli, where oxygen and carbon dioxide are exchanged between the air and blood.

Example: The respiratory system can be divided into the upper respiratory tract (nose, nasal cavity, pharynx) and lower respiratory tract (larynx, trachea, bronchi, and lungs).

Highlight: The alveoli are microscopic air sacs covered in capillaries, making them crucial for gas exchange between air and blood.

Several conditions can affect the respiratory system:

• Allergies (allergic reactions)
• Bronchitis (bronchial tree infection)
• Emphysema (chronic airway obstruction)
• Pneumonia (lung infection with fluid accumulation)
• Rhinitis (nasal inflammation)
• Sinusitis (sinus membrane inflammation)