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Dec 2, 2025
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Gabby Mamming
@gabbymamming_npjs
DNA is the molecule that carries all genetic information in... Show more











DNA is the blueprint of life that contains all the instructions our cells need to function. This genetic material controls everything from your eye color to how tall you'll grow.
Think of DNA as a massive instruction manual that tells your body exactly how to build itself. Every living thing on Earth uses this same language of life.

Ever wondered why you might have your mom's eyes or your dad's dimpled chin? That's genetics at work! Genetics is the science that studies how traits pass from parents to their children.
When you look at family photos and notice similarities between relatives, you're seeing genetics in action. These inherited characteristics follow specific patterns as they travel through generations.
Fun fact: Genetics explains why certain traits seem to "skip" generations or why siblings can look so different despite having the same parents!

DNA, which stands for deoxyribonucleic acid, is the molecule that stores all your genetic information. Scientists discovered its importance through experiments dating back to the 1920s.
Think of DNA as a massive library containing all the instructions needed to build and operate a living organism. Every cell in your body contains this complete instruction manual!
Without DNA, your cells wouldn't know what proteins to make, how to divide, or how to perform their specialized functions.

DNA is built from small units called nucleotides. Each nucleotide is like a puzzle piece with three parts working together:
A deoxyribose sugar forms part of the backbone structure. Connected to this sugar is a phosphate group that links nucleotides together in a long chain.
The third component is a nitrogen base, which comes in four varieties: adenine (A), thymine (T), cytosine (C), and guanine (G). These bases are the actual "letters" of the genetic code that spell out your traits!
Remember this: The four DNA bases (A, T, G, C) are like an alphabet that spells out the instructions for building you!

The structure of DNA wasn't discovered overnight—it took several brilliant scientists working together to solve this puzzle. Edwin Chargaff made a crucial discovery when he found that the amounts of adenine and thymine were always equal , and the same was true for cytosine and guanine .
This discovery, known as Chargaff's rules, was vital in understanding DNA's structure. It also revealed something amazing—all organisms on Earth use the exact same genetic code!
From humans to bacteria, we all share this universal code, proving we're all connected through the basic language of life.

Rosalind Franklin made a breakthrough by using X-rays to photograph DNA. Her famous "Photo 51" revealed that DNA has a twisted structure with two strands.
Using Franklin's data, scientists James Watson and Francis Crick built the first accurate model of DNA in 1953. Their double helix model is now displayed in London's National Science Museum.
This discovery was so important that Watson and Crick were awarded a Nobel Prize. Unfortunately, Franklin died before she could receive proper recognition for her crucial contribution.
Did you know? The discovery of DNA's structure is considered one of the most important scientific breakthroughs of the 20th century!

DNA's famous shape is called a double helix, which looks like a twisted ladder or spiral staircase. This unique structure is perfect for storing and protecting genetic information.
The sides of this ladder are made from alternating sugar and phosphate molecules. Scientists call this the sugar-phosphate backbone because it provides structural support for the DNA.
The "rungs" of the ladder are formed by pairs of nitrogen bases that connect the two strands. These base pairs are the actual genetic code that determines your traits!

DNA follows strict base pairing rules that keep genetic information organized and accurate. These rules are like a secret code that never changes:
Adenine (A) always pairs with Thymine (T), forming an A-T base pair. Similarly, Guanine (G) always pairs with Cytosine (C), forming a G-C base pair.
Because of these consistent pairing rules, the two strands of DNA are called complementary. If you know the sequence of one strand, you automatically know the sequence of the other!
Think of it this way: DNA strands fit together like puzzle pieces – A always fits with T, and G always fits with C.

A gene is a section of DNA that contains instructions for making a specific protein. These proteins then create your physical traits like eye color, hair texture, or height.
Genes work like recipes in a cookbook. Each one contains precise instructions for building a particular protein, which then performs a specific job in your body.
Your DNA contains thousands of genes, each responsible for different characteristics. Some traits are controlled by a single gene, while others require multiple genes working together.

DNA is the amazing molecule that carries all the instructions for building and operating living organisms. Its distinctive double helix structure resembles a twisted ladder with the bases forming the rungs.
The strict base pairing rules (A with T, C with G) ensure genetic information stays organized. These paired bases are the actual genetic code that determines every trait you have.
Specific sections of DNA called genes contain instructions for making proteins, which create all your physical characteristics. This elegant system allows complex information to be stored, copied, and passed to future generations.
Big idea: Your entire body is built according to instructions contained in your DNA!
Our AI companion is specifically built for the needs of students. Based on the millions of content pieces we have on the platform we can provide truly meaningful and relevant answers to students. But its not only about answers, the companion is even more about guiding students through their daily learning challenges, with personalised study plans, quizzes or content pieces in the chat and 100% personalisation based on the students skills and developments.
You can download the app in the Google Play Store and in the Apple App Store.
That's right! Enjoy free access to study content, connect with fellow students, and get instant help – all at your fingertips.
App Store
Google Play
The app is very easy to use and well designed. I have found everything I was looking for so far and have been able to learn a lot from the presentations! I will definitely use the app for a class assignment! And of course it also helps a lot as an inspiration.
Stefan S
iOS user
This app is really great. There are so many study notes and help [...]. My problem subject is French, for example, and the app has so many options for help. Thanks to this app, I have improved my French. I would recommend it to anyone.
Samantha Klich
Android user
Wow, I am really amazed. I just tried the app because I've seen it advertised many times and was absolutely stunned. This app is THE HELP you want for school and above all, it offers so many things, such as workouts and fact sheets, which have been VERY helpful to me personally.
Anna
iOS user
I think it’s very much worth it and you’ll end up using it a lot once you get the hang of it and even after looking at others notes you can still ask your Artificial intelligence buddy the question and ask to simplify it if you still don’t get it!!! In the end I think it’s worth it 😊👍 ⚠️Also DID I MENTION ITS FREEE YOU DON’T HAVE TO PAY FOR ANYTHING AND STILL GET YOUR GRADES IN PERFECTLY❗️❗️⚠️
Thomas R
iOS user
Knowunity is the BEST app I’ve used in a minute. This is not an ai review or anything this is genuinely coming from a 7th grade student (I know 2011 im young) but dude this app is a 10/10 i have maintained a 3.8 gpa and have plenty of time for gaming. I love it and my mom is just happy I got good grades
Brad T
Android user
Not only did it help me find the answer but it also showed me alternative ways to solve it. I was horrible in math and science but now I have an a in both subjects. Thanks for the help🤍🤍
David K
iOS user
The app's just great! All I have to do is enter the topic in the search bar and I get the response real fast. I don't have to watch 10 YouTube videos to understand something, so I'm saving my time. Highly recommended!
Sudenaz Ocak
Android user
In school I was really bad at maths but thanks to the app, I am doing better now. I am so grateful that you made the app.
Greenlight Bonnie
Android user
I found this app a couple years ago and it has only gotten better since then. I really love it because it can help with written questions and photo questions. Also, it can find study guides that other people have made as well as flashcard sets and practice tests. The free version is also amazing for students who might not be able to afford it. Would 100% recommend
Aubrey
iOS user
Best app if you're in Highschool or Junior high. I have been using this app for 2 school years and it's the best, it's good if you don't have anyone to help you with school work.😋🩷🎀
Marco B
iOS user
THE QUIZES AND FLASHCARDS ARE SO USEFUL AND I LOVE THE SCHOOLGPT. IT ALSO IS LITREALLY LIKE CHATGPT BUT SMARTER!! HELPED ME WITH MY MASCARA PROBLEMS TOO!! AS WELL AS MY REAL SUBJECTS ! DUHHH 😍😁😲🤑💗✨🎀😮
Elisha
iOS user
This app is phenomenal down to the correct info and the various topics you can study! I greatly recommend it for people who struggle with procrastination and those who need homework help. It has been perfectly accurate for world 1 history as far as I’ve seen! Geometry too!
Paul T
iOS user
The app is very easy to use and well designed. I have found everything I was looking for so far and have been able to learn a lot from the presentations! I will definitely use the app for a class assignment! And of course it also helps a lot as an inspiration.
Stefan S
iOS user
This app is really great. There are so many study notes and help [...]. My problem subject is French, for example, and the app has so many options for help. Thanks to this app, I have improved my French. I would recommend it to anyone.
Samantha Klich
Android user
Wow, I am really amazed. I just tried the app because I've seen it advertised many times and was absolutely stunned. This app is THE HELP you want for school and above all, it offers so many things, such as workouts and fact sheets, which have been VERY helpful to me personally.
Anna
iOS user
I think it’s very much worth it and you’ll end up using it a lot once you get the hang of it and even after looking at others notes you can still ask your Artificial intelligence buddy the question and ask to simplify it if you still don’t get it!!! In the end I think it’s worth it 😊👍 ⚠️Also DID I MENTION ITS FREEE YOU DON’T HAVE TO PAY FOR ANYTHING AND STILL GET YOUR GRADES IN PERFECTLY❗️❗️⚠️
Thomas R
iOS user
Knowunity is the BEST app I’ve used in a minute. This is not an ai review or anything this is genuinely coming from a 7th grade student (I know 2011 im young) but dude this app is a 10/10 i have maintained a 3.8 gpa and have plenty of time for gaming. I love it and my mom is just happy I got good grades
Brad T
Android user
Not only did it help me find the answer but it also showed me alternative ways to solve it. I was horrible in math and science but now I have an a in both subjects. Thanks for the help🤍🤍
David K
iOS user
The app's just great! All I have to do is enter the topic in the search bar and I get the response real fast. I don't have to watch 10 YouTube videos to understand something, so I'm saving my time. Highly recommended!
Sudenaz Ocak
Android user
In school I was really bad at maths but thanks to the app, I am doing better now. I am so grateful that you made the app.
Greenlight Bonnie
Android user
I found this app a couple years ago and it has only gotten better since then. I really love it because it can help with written questions and photo questions. Also, it can find study guides that other people have made as well as flashcard sets and practice tests. The free version is also amazing for students who might not be able to afford it. Would 100% recommend
Aubrey
iOS user
Best app if you're in Highschool or Junior high. I have been using this app for 2 school years and it's the best, it's good if you don't have anyone to help you with school work.😋🩷🎀
Marco B
iOS user
THE QUIZES AND FLASHCARDS ARE SO USEFUL AND I LOVE THE SCHOOLGPT. IT ALSO IS LITREALLY LIKE CHATGPT BUT SMARTER!! HELPED ME WITH MY MASCARA PROBLEMS TOO!! AS WELL AS MY REAL SUBJECTS ! DUHHH 😍😁😲🤑💗✨🎀😮
Elisha
iOS user
This app is phenomenal down to the correct info and the various topics you can study! I greatly recommend it for people who struggle with procrastination and those who need homework help. It has been perfectly accurate for world 1 history as far as I’ve seen! Geometry too!
Paul T
iOS user
Gabby Mamming
@gabbymamming_npjs
DNA is the molecule that carries all genetic information in living organisms. It's responsible for every trait we inherit from our parents, from eye color to height. Understanding DNA and protein synthesis is key to grasping how our bodies develop... Show more

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Join milions of students
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DNA is the blueprint of life that contains all the instructions our cells need to function. This genetic material controls everything from your eye color to how tall you'll grow.
Think of DNA as a massive instruction manual that tells your body exactly how to build itself. Every living thing on Earth uses this same language of life.

Access to all documents
Improve your grades
Join milions of students
By signing up you accept Terms of Service and Privacy Policy
Ever wondered why you might have your mom's eyes or your dad's dimpled chin? That's genetics at work! Genetics is the science that studies how traits pass from parents to their children.
When you look at family photos and notice similarities between relatives, you're seeing genetics in action. These inherited characteristics follow specific patterns as they travel through generations.
Fun fact: Genetics explains why certain traits seem to "skip" generations or why siblings can look so different despite having the same parents!

Access to all documents
Improve your grades
Join milions of students
By signing up you accept Terms of Service and Privacy Policy
DNA, which stands for deoxyribonucleic acid, is the molecule that stores all your genetic information. Scientists discovered its importance through experiments dating back to the 1920s.
Think of DNA as a massive library containing all the instructions needed to build and operate a living organism. Every cell in your body contains this complete instruction manual!
Without DNA, your cells wouldn't know what proteins to make, how to divide, or how to perform their specialized functions.

Access to all documents
Improve your grades
Join milions of students
By signing up you accept Terms of Service and Privacy Policy
DNA is built from small units called nucleotides. Each nucleotide is like a puzzle piece with three parts working together:
A deoxyribose sugar forms part of the backbone structure. Connected to this sugar is a phosphate group that links nucleotides together in a long chain.
The third component is a nitrogen base, which comes in four varieties: adenine (A), thymine (T), cytosine (C), and guanine (G). These bases are the actual "letters" of the genetic code that spell out your traits!
Remember this: The four DNA bases (A, T, G, C) are like an alphabet that spells out the instructions for building you!

Access to all documents
Improve your grades
Join milions of students
By signing up you accept Terms of Service and Privacy Policy
The structure of DNA wasn't discovered overnight—it took several brilliant scientists working together to solve this puzzle. Edwin Chargaff made a crucial discovery when he found that the amounts of adenine and thymine were always equal , and the same was true for cytosine and guanine .
This discovery, known as Chargaff's rules, was vital in understanding DNA's structure. It also revealed something amazing—all organisms on Earth use the exact same genetic code!
From humans to bacteria, we all share this universal code, proving we're all connected through the basic language of life.

Access to all documents
Improve your grades
Join milions of students
By signing up you accept Terms of Service and Privacy Policy
Rosalind Franklin made a breakthrough by using X-rays to photograph DNA. Her famous "Photo 51" revealed that DNA has a twisted structure with two strands.
Using Franklin's data, scientists James Watson and Francis Crick built the first accurate model of DNA in 1953. Their double helix model is now displayed in London's National Science Museum.
This discovery was so important that Watson and Crick were awarded a Nobel Prize. Unfortunately, Franklin died before she could receive proper recognition for her crucial contribution.
Did you know? The discovery of DNA's structure is considered one of the most important scientific breakthroughs of the 20th century!

Access to all documents
Improve your grades
Join milions of students
By signing up you accept Terms of Service and Privacy Policy
DNA's famous shape is called a double helix, which looks like a twisted ladder or spiral staircase. This unique structure is perfect for storing and protecting genetic information.
The sides of this ladder are made from alternating sugar and phosphate molecules. Scientists call this the sugar-phosphate backbone because it provides structural support for the DNA.
The "rungs" of the ladder are formed by pairs of nitrogen bases that connect the two strands. These base pairs are the actual genetic code that determines your traits!

Access to all documents
Improve your grades
Join milions of students
By signing up you accept Terms of Service and Privacy Policy
DNA follows strict base pairing rules that keep genetic information organized and accurate. These rules are like a secret code that never changes:
Adenine (A) always pairs with Thymine (T), forming an A-T base pair. Similarly, Guanine (G) always pairs with Cytosine (C), forming a G-C base pair.
Because of these consistent pairing rules, the two strands of DNA are called complementary. If you know the sequence of one strand, you automatically know the sequence of the other!
Think of it this way: DNA strands fit together like puzzle pieces – A always fits with T, and G always fits with C.

Access to all documents
Improve your grades
Join milions of students
By signing up you accept Terms of Service and Privacy Policy
A gene is a section of DNA that contains instructions for making a specific protein. These proteins then create your physical traits like eye color, hair texture, or height.
Genes work like recipes in a cookbook. Each one contains precise instructions for building a particular protein, which then performs a specific job in your body.
Your DNA contains thousands of genes, each responsible for different characteristics. Some traits are controlled by a single gene, while others require multiple genes working together.

Access to all documents
Improve your grades
Join milions of students
By signing up you accept Terms of Service and Privacy Policy
DNA is the amazing molecule that carries all the instructions for building and operating living organisms. Its distinctive double helix structure resembles a twisted ladder with the bases forming the rungs.
The strict base pairing rules (A with T, C with G) ensure genetic information stays organized. These paired bases are the actual genetic code that determines every trait you have.
Specific sections of DNA called genes contain instructions for making proteins, which create all your physical characteristics. This elegant system allows complex information to be stored, copied, and passed to future generations.
Big idea: Your entire body is built according to instructions contained in your DNA!
Our AI companion is specifically built for the needs of students. Based on the millions of content pieces we have on the platform we can provide truly meaningful and relevant answers to students. But its not only about answers, the companion is even more about guiding students through their daily learning challenges, with personalised study plans, quizzes or content pieces in the chat and 100% personalisation based on the students skills and developments.
You can download the app in the Google Play Store and in the Apple App Store.
That's right! Enjoy free access to study content, connect with fellow students, and get instant help – all at your fingertips.
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This involves characteristics of life, properties of water, organic compounds, cell, membrane structures, metabolism, cell cycle and genetics.
This study note will give an explanation of how protein Synthesis was used in our body and its steps.
Notes describing proteins and nucleic acids and their roles in biology
contains info on - lipid bilayer membrane proteins structures responsible for membrane transport
Notes of viruses and bacteria
for quiz
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The app is very easy to use and well designed. I have found everything I was looking for so far and have been able to learn a lot from the presentations! I will definitely use the app for a class assignment! And of course it also helps a lot as an inspiration.
Stefan S
iOS user
This app is really great. There are so many study notes and help [...]. My problem subject is French, for example, and the app has so many options for help. Thanks to this app, I have improved my French. I would recommend it to anyone.
Samantha Klich
Android user
Wow, I am really amazed. I just tried the app because I've seen it advertised many times and was absolutely stunned. This app is THE HELP you want for school and above all, it offers so many things, such as workouts and fact sheets, which have been VERY helpful to me personally.
Anna
iOS user
I think it’s very much worth it and you’ll end up using it a lot once you get the hang of it and even after looking at others notes you can still ask your Artificial intelligence buddy the question and ask to simplify it if you still don’t get it!!! In the end I think it’s worth it 😊👍 ⚠️Also DID I MENTION ITS FREEE YOU DON’T HAVE TO PAY FOR ANYTHING AND STILL GET YOUR GRADES IN PERFECTLY❗️❗️⚠️
Thomas R
iOS user
Knowunity is the BEST app I’ve used in a minute. This is not an ai review or anything this is genuinely coming from a 7th grade student (I know 2011 im young) but dude this app is a 10/10 i have maintained a 3.8 gpa and have plenty of time for gaming. I love it and my mom is just happy I got good grades
Brad T
Android user
Not only did it help me find the answer but it also showed me alternative ways to solve it. I was horrible in math and science but now I have an a in both subjects. Thanks for the help🤍🤍
David K
iOS user
The app's just great! All I have to do is enter the topic in the search bar and I get the response real fast. I don't have to watch 10 YouTube videos to understand something, so I'm saving my time. Highly recommended!
Sudenaz Ocak
Android user
In school I was really bad at maths but thanks to the app, I am doing better now. I am so grateful that you made the app.
Greenlight Bonnie
Android user
I found this app a couple years ago and it has only gotten better since then. I really love it because it can help with written questions and photo questions. Also, it can find study guides that other people have made as well as flashcard sets and practice tests. The free version is also amazing for students who might not be able to afford it. Would 100% recommend
Aubrey
iOS user
Best app if you're in Highschool or Junior high. I have been using this app for 2 school years and it's the best, it's good if you don't have anyone to help you with school work.😋🩷🎀
Marco B
iOS user
THE QUIZES AND FLASHCARDS ARE SO USEFUL AND I LOVE THE SCHOOLGPT. IT ALSO IS LITREALLY LIKE CHATGPT BUT SMARTER!! HELPED ME WITH MY MASCARA PROBLEMS TOO!! AS WELL AS MY REAL SUBJECTS ! DUHHH 😍😁😲🤑💗✨🎀😮
Elisha
iOS user
This app is phenomenal down to the correct info and the various topics you can study! I greatly recommend it for people who struggle with procrastination and those who need homework help. It has been perfectly accurate for world 1 history as far as I’ve seen! Geometry too!
Paul T
iOS user
The app is very easy to use and well designed. I have found everything I was looking for so far and have been able to learn a lot from the presentations! I will definitely use the app for a class assignment! And of course it also helps a lot as an inspiration.
Stefan S
iOS user
This app is really great. There are so many study notes and help [...]. My problem subject is French, for example, and the app has so many options for help. Thanks to this app, I have improved my French. I would recommend it to anyone.
Samantha Klich
Android user
Wow, I am really amazed. I just tried the app because I've seen it advertised many times and was absolutely stunned. This app is THE HELP you want for school and above all, it offers so many things, such as workouts and fact sheets, which have been VERY helpful to me personally.
Anna
iOS user
I think it’s very much worth it and you’ll end up using it a lot once you get the hang of it and even after looking at others notes you can still ask your Artificial intelligence buddy the question and ask to simplify it if you still don’t get it!!! In the end I think it’s worth it 😊👍 ⚠️Also DID I MENTION ITS FREEE YOU DON’T HAVE TO PAY FOR ANYTHING AND STILL GET YOUR GRADES IN PERFECTLY❗️❗️⚠️
Thomas R
iOS user
Knowunity is the BEST app I’ve used in a minute. This is not an ai review or anything this is genuinely coming from a 7th grade student (I know 2011 im young) but dude this app is a 10/10 i have maintained a 3.8 gpa and have plenty of time for gaming. I love it and my mom is just happy I got good grades
Brad T
Android user
Not only did it help me find the answer but it also showed me alternative ways to solve it. I was horrible in math and science but now I have an a in both subjects. Thanks for the help🤍🤍
David K
iOS user
The app's just great! All I have to do is enter the topic in the search bar and I get the response real fast. I don't have to watch 10 YouTube videos to understand something, so I'm saving my time. Highly recommended!
Sudenaz Ocak
Android user
In school I was really bad at maths but thanks to the app, I am doing better now. I am so grateful that you made the app.
Greenlight Bonnie
Android user
I found this app a couple years ago and it has only gotten better since then. I really love it because it can help with written questions and photo questions. Also, it can find study guides that other people have made as well as flashcard sets and practice tests. The free version is also amazing for students who might not be able to afford it. Would 100% recommend
Aubrey
iOS user
Best app if you're in Highschool or Junior high. I have been using this app for 2 school years and it's the best, it's good if you don't have anyone to help you with school work.😋🩷🎀
Marco B
iOS user
THE QUIZES AND FLASHCARDS ARE SO USEFUL AND I LOVE THE SCHOOLGPT. IT ALSO IS LITREALLY LIKE CHATGPT BUT SMARTER!! HELPED ME WITH MY MASCARA PROBLEMS TOO!! AS WELL AS MY REAL SUBJECTS ! DUHHH 😍😁😲🤑💗✨🎀😮
Elisha
iOS user
This app is phenomenal down to the correct info and the various topics you can study! I greatly recommend it for people who struggle with procrastination and those who need homework help. It has been perfectly accurate for world 1 history as far as I’ve seen! Geometry too!
Paul T
iOS user