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How Plants Make Food: Light and Dark Reactions

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J

Jeanie DeSantis

1/18/2023

Biology

Photosynthesis Notes - Honors Biology 9-10

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Biology

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Photosynthesis

/

Food and Energy in Organisms

/

Cellular Respiration

How Plants Make Food: Light and Dark Reactions

Light dependent reaction steps in photosynthesis and Calvin cycle light independent reaction process work together to convert sunlight into usable energy for plants.

• The process occurs in chloroplasts through two main stages: light-dependent reactions in thylakoid membranes and the Calvin cycle in the stroma

• Chlorophyll role in photosynthesis electron transport is crucial as it captures light energy and initiates electron movement

• The overall equation shows: 6CO₂ + 6H₂O → C₆H₁₂O₆ + 6O₂, producing glucose and oxygen as end products

• This process is essential for plants, cyanobacteria, and algae, forming the basis of most life on Earth

...

1/18/2023

66

light 10₂ 02 02 * takes light energy and converts it into chemical energy light equation: 6Co₂+ 6H₂0 C6H₁₂O6 + 60₂ plants, Cyanobacteria, an

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The Calvin Cycle (Light Independent Reaction)

The Calvin cycle takes place in the stroma of the chloroplast, using the ATP and NADPH produced during the light-dependent reactions to convert CO₂ into glucose.

Definition: Carbon fixation is the process of converting inorganic carbon dioxide into organic compounds.

The cycle proceeds through several key steps:

  1. CO₂ enters the stroma from the atmosphere
  2. Carbon fixation occurs, incorporating CO₂ into organic molecules
  3. ATP and NADPH convert PGA phosphoglycericacidphosphoglyceric acid into PGAL phosphoglyceraldehydephosphoglyceraldehyde
  4. Some PGAL molecules combine to form glucose
  5. The remaining PGAL molecules regenerate RuBP to continue the cycle

Highlight: The Calvin cycle requires 12 ATP and 12 NADPH molecules to produce one glucose molecule.

Example: The Calvin cycle operates like a factory assembly line, where CO₂ molecules enter and are processed through various stages to produce glucose, while continuously recycling its components.

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Subjects

Biology

Photosynthesis

Food and Energy in Organisms

Cellular Respiration

 

Biology

•

66

•

Jan 18, 2023

•

2 pages

How Plants Make Food: Light and Dark Reactions

J

Jeanie DeSantis

@jeaniedesantis_xoyn

Light dependent reaction steps in photosynthesis and Calvin cycle light independent reaction process work together to convert sunlight into usable energy for plants.

• The process occurs in chloroplasts through two main stages: light-dependent reactions in thylakoid membranes and the... Show more

light 10₂ 02 02 * takes light energy and converts it into chemical energy light equation: 6Co₂+ 6H₂0 C6H₁₂O6 + 60₂ plants, Cyanobacteria, an

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The Calvin Cycle (Light Independent Reaction)

The Calvin cycle takes place in the stroma of the chloroplast, using the ATP and NADPH produced during the light-dependent reactions to convert CO₂ into glucose.

Definition: Carbon fixation is the process of converting inorganic carbon dioxide into organic compounds.

The cycle proceeds through several key steps:

  1. CO₂ enters the stroma from the atmosphere
  2. Carbon fixation occurs, incorporating CO₂ into organic molecules
  3. ATP and NADPH convert PGA phosphoglycericacidphosphoglyceric acid into PGAL phosphoglyceraldehydephosphoglyceraldehyde
  4. Some PGAL molecules combine to form glucose
  5. The remaining PGAL molecules regenerate RuBP to continue the cycle

Highlight: The Calvin cycle requires 12 ATP and 12 NADPH molecules to produce one glucose molecule.

Example: The Calvin cycle operates like a factory assembly line, where CO₂ molecules enter and are processed through various stages to produce glucose, while continuously recycling its components.

light 10₂ 02 02 * takes light energy and converts it into chemical energy light equation: 6Co₂+ 6H₂0 C6H₁₂O6 + 60₂ plants, Cyanobacteria, an

Sign up to see the contentIt's free!

Access to all documents

Improve your grades

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Light Dependent Reaction Process

The light dependent reaction occurs in the thylakoid membranes of chloroplasts, converting light energy into chemical energy. This process involves multiple sophisticated steps working in concert to produce ATP and NADPH.

Definition: Photolysis is the process of splitting water molecules using light energy, producing hydrogen ions and oxygen.

Highlight: The electron transport chain generates a proton gradient that drives ATP synthesis through ATP synthase.

Vocabulary: Photosystem II PSIIPSII and Photosystem I PSIPSI are protein complexes that contain chlorophyll and other pigments for capturing light energy.

The process follows these key steps:

  1. Light strikes photosystem II
  2. Electrons are excited and transported through the electron transport chain
  3. Hydrogen ions are pumped into the thylakoid space
  4. Electrons enter PSI and are re-energized
  5. NADP+ accepts electrons to form NADPH
  6. ATP synthase uses the proton gradient to generate ATP

Example: Think of the electron transport chain as a molecular waterwheel, where the flow of hydrogen ions drives the production of ATP, similar to how flowing water can generate electricity.

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