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Biology
Chemistry
AP Chemistry
English
AP English Literature
Biology
Dec 15, 2025
47
4 pages
Plant structures are organized systems that work together to keep plants alive and thriving. Understanding how roots, stems,... Show more
Plants are organized into two main systems the root system below ground and the shoot system above ground. The root system anchors the plant and absorbs water and nutrients from the soil. These roots can be primary, secondary, or specialized depending on the plant's needs.
The shoot system consists of stems and leaves. Stems provide support for the plant and allow for growth through their structure of nodes (where leaves attach) and internodes (sections between nodes). Think of stems as the plant's backbone and transportation highway.
Leaves are the food factories of plants. With their flat blade structure attached to a stalk, leaves are specially designed for photosynthesis—the process that converts sunlight into food energy. Some plants have specialized leaves adapted for particular environments.
💡 Quick Fact Each plant structure has evolved for a specific purpose. Roots anchor and absorb, stems support and transport, and leaves make food—all working together like a well-designed machine!
The dermal tissue forms the outer protective layer of the plant. It includes the waxy cuticle that prevents injury and water loss—like your skin protects your body. The dermal layer also contains guard cells that control gas exchange and help prevent excessive water loss.
Vascular tissue works like the plant's plumbing system, transporting water, nutrients, and other materials throughout the plant. Two important vascular tissues are xylem and phloem.
Xylem consists of long, tubular cells that transport water and nutrients upward from roots to shoots. Think of it as the plant's drinking straw. It also provides support through a substance called lignin.
Phloem moves sugars and water downward from the leaves to other parts of the plant. It consists of sieve tubes and companion cells working together. If xylem brings resources in, phloem distributes the food the plant makes to where it's needed.
💡 Connection Point Hemp plants have extremely strong phloem fibers that humans use for making paper, rope, clothing, and even car parts that are lightweight, durable, and recyclable!
Ground tissue makes up the bulk of a plant's fleshy parts and is responsible for food production and storage. It's also involved in growth, healing, protection, and support—like the meat of an apple or the flesh of a leaf.
This tissue system includes three important cell types parenchyma cells , collenchyma cells (thick, elastic cells that support growing parts), and sclerenchyma cells .
The different plant systems work together in remarkable ways. Transpiration moves water from roots to leaves, while translocation moves sugars from where they're produced to where they're needed. These processes ensure resources move efficiently throughout the plant.
💡 Think About This The tissue systems in plants are similar to your body systems—they each have specific jobs but must work together for the whole organism to function properly!
Plant growth occurs primarily through cell division at the apical meristem—growth points at the tips of roots and shoots. This allows plants to continuously grow throughout their lives, unlike animals that reach a maximum size.
Plants also respond to their environment in sophisticated ways. They can control water loss by opening and closing their guard cells depending on conditions. Too hot and dry? The plant closes these cells to conserve water.
Plants also respond to light changes in their environment. They can sense light direction, intensity, and duration, which triggers various growth responses. This is why plants will grow toward a light source or flower at certain times of the year.
💡 Amazing Fact Plants may not have brains, but they can "sense" their environment and respond appropriately—bending toward light, closing stomata when it's dry, or flowering when days reach a certain length!
Our AI companion is specifically built for the needs of students. Based on the millions of content pieces we have on the platform we can provide truly meaningful and relevant answers to students. But its not only about answers, the companion is even more about guiding students through their daily learning challenges, with personalised study plans, quizzes or content pieces in the chat and 100% personalisation based on the students skills and developments.
You can download the app in the Google Play Store and in the Apple App Store.
That's right! Enjoy free access to study content, connect with fellow students, and get instant help – all at your fingertips.
0
Smart Tools NEW
Transform this note into: ✓ 50+ Practice Questions ✓ Interactive Flashcards ✓ Full Mock Exam ✓ Essay Outlines
Gives a diagram of both a plant and animal cell and explains parts of the cell
BiologyOrganelles and their functions
BiologyExplore the key organelles in plant and animal cells, including their functions and differences. This summary covers the nucleus, mitochondria, ribosomes, chloroplasts, vacuoles, and more, providing essential insights for understanding cell biology.
BiologyDifferences include shape, cell wall, chloroplasts, food, vacuoles, centrioles, lysosomes and fun fact about Robert Brown
Environmental ScienceNotes with images, descriptions, and makeup of cell parts and organelles. Honors Biology (9th-10th grades)
BiologyInventors
BiologyApp Store
Google Play
The app is very easy to use and well designed. I have found everything I was looking for so far and have been able to learn a lot from the presentations! I will definitely use the app for a class assignment! And of course it also helps a lot as an inspiration.
Stefan S
iOS user
This app is really great. There are so many study notes and help [...]. My problem subject is French, for example, and the app has so many options for help. Thanks to this app, I have improved my French. I would recommend it to anyone.
Samantha Klich
Android user
Wow, I am really amazed. I just tried the app because I've seen it advertised many times and was absolutely stunned. This app is THE HELP you want for school and above all, it offers so many things, such as workouts and fact sheets, which have been VERY helpful to me personally.
Anna
iOS user
I think it’s very much worth it and you’ll end up using it a lot once you get the hang of it and even after looking at others notes you can still ask your Artificial intelligence buddy the question and ask to simplify it if you still don’t get it!!! In the end I think it’s worth it 😊👍 ⚠️Also DID I MENTION ITS FREEE YOU DON’T HAVE TO PAY FOR ANYTHING AND STILL GET YOUR GRADES IN PERFECTLY❗️❗️⚠️
Thomas R
iOS user
Knowunity is the BEST app I’ve used in a minute. This is not an ai review or anything this is genuinely coming from a 7th grade student (I know 2011 im young) but dude this app is a 10/10 i have maintained a 3.8 gpa and have plenty of time for gaming. I love it and my mom is just happy I got good grades
Brad T
Android user
Not only did it help me find the answer but it also showed me alternative ways to solve it. I was horrible in math and science but now I have an a in both subjects. Thanks for the help🤍🤍
David K
iOS user
The app's just great! All I have to do is enter the topic in the search bar and I get the response real fast. I don't have to watch 10 YouTube videos to understand something, so I'm saving my time. Highly recommended!
Sudenaz Ocak
Android user
In school I was really bad at maths but thanks to the app, I am doing better now. I am so grateful that you made the app.
Greenlight Bonnie
Android user
I found this app a couple years ago and it has only gotten better since then. I really love it because it can help with written questions and photo questions. Also, it can find study guides that other people have made as well as flashcard sets and practice tests. The free version is also amazing for students who might not be able to afford it. Would 100% recommend
Aubrey
iOS user
Best app if you're in Highschool or Junior high. I have been using this app for 2 school years and it's the best, it's good if you don't have anyone to help you with school work.😋🩷🎀
Marco B
iOS user
THE QUIZES AND FLASHCARDS ARE SO USEFUL AND I LOVE THE SCHOOLGPT. IT ALSO IS LITREALLY LIKE CHATGPT BUT SMARTER!! HELPED ME WITH MY MASCARA PROBLEMS TOO!! AS WELL AS MY REAL SUBJECTS ! DUHHH 😍😁😲🤑💗✨🎀😮
Elisha
iOS user
This app is phenomenal down to the correct info and the various topics you can study! I greatly recommend it for people who struggle with procrastination and those who need homework help. It has been perfectly accurate for world 1 history as far as I’ve seen! Geometry too!
Paul T
iOS user
The app is very easy to use and well designed. I have found everything I was looking for so far and have been able to learn a lot from the presentations! I will definitely use the app for a class assignment! And of course it also helps a lot as an inspiration.
Stefan S
iOS user
This app is really great. There are so many study notes and help [...]. My problem subject is French, for example, and the app has so many options for help. Thanks to this app, I have improved my French. I would recommend it to anyone.
Samantha Klich
Android user
Wow, I am really amazed. I just tried the app because I've seen it advertised many times and was absolutely stunned. This app is THE HELP you want for school and above all, it offers so many things, such as workouts and fact sheets, which have been VERY helpful to me personally.
Anna
iOS user
I think it’s very much worth it and you’ll end up using it a lot once you get the hang of it and even after looking at others notes you can still ask your Artificial intelligence buddy the question and ask to simplify it if you still don’t get it!!! In the end I think it’s worth it 😊👍 ⚠️Also DID I MENTION ITS FREEE YOU DON’T HAVE TO PAY FOR ANYTHING AND STILL GET YOUR GRADES IN PERFECTLY❗️❗️⚠️
Thomas R
iOS user
Knowunity is the BEST app I’ve used in a minute. This is not an ai review or anything this is genuinely coming from a 7th grade student (I know 2011 im young) but dude this app is a 10/10 i have maintained a 3.8 gpa and have plenty of time for gaming. I love it and my mom is just happy I got good grades
Brad T
Android user
Not only did it help me find the answer but it also showed me alternative ways to solve it. I was horrible in math and science but now I have an a in both subjects. Thanks for the help🤍🤍
David K
iOS user
The app's just great! All I have to do is enter the topic in the search bar and I get the response real fast. I don't have to watch 10 YouTube videos to understand something, so I'm saving my time. Highly recommended!
Sudenaz Ocak
Android user
In school I was really bad at maths but thanks to the app, I am doing better now. I am so grateful that you made the app.
Greenlight Bonnie
Android user
I found this app a couple years ago and it has only gotten better since then. I really love it because it can help with written questions and photo questions. Also, it can find study guides that other people have made as well as flashcard sets and practice tests. The free version is also amazing for students who might not be able to afford it. Would 100% recommend
Aubrey
iOS user
Best app if you're in Highschool or Junior high. I have been using this app for 2 school years and it's the best, it's good if you don't have anyone to help you with school work.😋🩷🎀
Marco B
iOS user
THE QUIZES AND FLASHCARDS ARE SO USEFUL AND I LOVE THE SCHOOLGPT. IT ALSO IS LITREALLY LIKE CHATGPT BUT SMARTER!! HELPED ME WITH MY MASCARA PROBLEMS TOO!! AS WELL AS MY REAL SUBJECTS ! DUHHH 😍😁😲🤑💗✨🎀😮
Elisha
iOS user
This app is phenomenal down to the correct info and the various topics you can study! I greatly recommend it for people who struggle with procrastination and those who need homework help. It has been perfectly accurate for world 1 history as far as I’ve seen! Geometry too!
Paul T
iOS user
Plant structures are organized systems that work together to keep plants alive and thriving. Understanding how roots, stems, leaves, and various tissue types function helps us see how plants are perfectly designed for survival in their environments.
Access to all documents
Improve your grades
Join milions of students
By signing up you accept Terms of Service and Privacy Policy
Plants are organized into two main systems: the root system below ground and the shoot system above ground. The root system anchors the plant and absorbs water and nutrients from the soil. These roots can be primary, secondary, or specialized depending on the plant's needs.
The shoot system consists of stems and leaves. Stems provide support for the plant and allow for growth through their structure of nodes (where leaves attach) and internodes (sections between nodes). Think of stems as the plant's backbone and transportation highway.
Leaves are the food factories of plants. With their flat blade structure attached to a stalk, leaves are specially designed for photosynthesis—the process that converts sunlight into food energy. Some plants have specialized leaves adapted for particular environments.
💡 Quick Fact: Each plant structure has evolved for a specific purpose. Roots anchor and absorb, stems support and transport, and leaves make food—all working together like a well-designed machine!
Access to all documents
Improve your grades
Join milions of students
By signing up you accept Terms of Service and Privacy Policy
The dermal tissue forms the outer protective layer of the plant. It includes the waxy cuticle that prevents injury and water loss—like your skin protects your body. The dermal layer also contains guard cells that control gas exchange and help prevent excessive water loss.
Vascular tissue works like the plant's plumbing system, transporting water, nutrients, and other materials throughout the plant. Two important vascular tissues are xylem and phloem.
Xylem consists of long, tubular cells that transport water and nutrients upward from roots to shoots. Think of it as the plant's drinking straw. It also provides support through a substance called lignin.
Phloem moves sugars and water downward from the leaves to other parts of the plant. It consists of sieve tubes and companion cells working together. If xylem brings resources in, phloem distributes the food the plant makes to where it's needed.
💡 Connection Point: Hemp plants have extremely strong phloem fibers that humans use for making paper, rope, clothing, and even car parts that are lightweight, durable, and recyclable!
Access to all documents
Improve your grades
Join milions of students
By signing up you accept Terms of Service and Privacy Policy
Ground tissue makes up the bulk of a plant's fleshy parts and is responsible for food production and storage. It's also involved in growth, healing, protection, and support—like the meat of an apple or the flesh of a leaf.
This tissue system includes three important cell types: parenchyma cells , collenchyma cells (thick, elastic cells that support growing parts), and sclerenchyma cells .
The different plant systems work together in remarkable ways. Transpiration moves water from roots to leaves, while translocation moves sugars from where they're produced to where they're needed. These processes ensure resources move efficiently throughout the plant.
💡 Think About This: The tissue systems in plants are similar to your body systems—they each have specific jobs but must work together for the whole organism to function properly!
Access to all documents
Improve your grades
Join milions of students
By signing up you accept Terms of Service and Privacy Policy
Plant growth occurs primarily through cell division at the apical meristem—growth points at the tips of roots and shoots. This allows plants to continuously grow throughout their lives, unlike animals that reach a maximum size.
Plants also respond to their environment in sophisticated ways. They can control water loss by opening and closing their guard cells depending on conditions. Too hot and dry? The plant closes these cells to conserve water.
Plants also respond to light changes in their environment. They can sense light direction, intensity, and duration, which triggers various growth responses. This is why plants will grow toward a light source or flower at certain times of the year.
💡 Amazing Fact: Plants may not have brains, but they can "sense" their environment and respond appropriately—bending toward light, closing stomata when it's dry, or flowering when days reach a certain length!
Our AI companion is specifically built for the needs of students. Based on the millions of content pieces we have on the platform we can provide truly meaningful and relevant answers to students. But its not only about answers, the companion is even more about guiding students through their daily learning challenges, with personalised study plans, quizzes or content pieces in the chat and 100% personalisation based on the students skills and developments.
You can download the app in the Google Play Store and in the Apple App Store.
That's right! Enjoy free access to study content, connect with fellow students, and get instant help – all at your fingertips.
0
Smart Tools NEW
Transform this note into: ✓ 50+ Practice Questions ✓ Interactive Flashcards ✓ Full Mock Exam ✓ Essay Outlines
Gives a diagram of both a plant and animal cell and explains parts of the cell
BiologyOrganelles and their functions
BiologyExplore the key organelles in plant and animal cells, including their functions and differences. This summary covers the nucleus, mitochondria, ribosomes, chloroplasts, vacuoles, and more, providing essential insights for understanding cell biology.
BiologyDifferences include shape, cell wall, chloroplasts, food, vacuoles, centrioles, lysosomes and fun fact about Robert Brown
Environmental ScienceNotes with images, descriptions, and makeup of cell parts and organelles. Honors Biology (9th-10th grades)
BiologyInventors
BiologyApp Store
Google Play
The app is very easy to use and well designed. I have found everything I was looking for so far and have been able to learn a lot from the presentations! I will definitely use the app for a class assignment! And of course it also helps a lot as an inspiration.
Stefan S
iOS user
This app is really great. There are so many study notes and help [...]. My problem subject is French, for example, and the app has so many options for help. Thanks to this app, I have improved my French. I would recommend it to anyone.
Samantha Klich
Android user
Wow, I am really amazed. I just tried the app because I've seen it advertised many times and was absolutely stunned. This app is THE HELP you want for school and above all, it offers so many things, such as workouts and fact sheets, which have been VERY helpful to me personally.
Anna
iOS user
I think it’s very much worth it and you’ll end up using it a lot once you get the hang of it and even after looking at others notes you can still ask your Artificial intelligence buddy the question and ask to simplify it if you still don’t get it!!! In the end I think it’s worth it 😊👍 ⚠️Also DID I MENTION ITS FREEE YOU DON’T HAVE TO PAY FOR ANYTHING AND STILL GET YOUR GRADES IN PERFECTLY❗️❗️⚠️
Thomas R
iOS user
Knowunity is the BEST app I’ve used in a minute. This is not an ai review or anything this is genuinely coming from a 7th grade student (I know 2011 im young) but dude this app is a 10/10 i have maintained a 3.8 gpa and have plenty of time for gaming. I love it and my mom is just happy I got good grades
Brad T
Android user
Not only did it help me find the answer but it also showed me alternative ways to solve it. I was horrible in math and science but now I have an a in both subjects. Thanks for the help🤍🤍
David K
iOS user
The app's just great! All I have to do is enter the topic in the search bar and I get the response real fast. I don't have to watch 10 YouTube videos to understand something, so I'm saving my time. Highly recommended!
Sudenaz Ocak
Android user
In school I was really bad at maths but thanks to the app, I am doing better now. I am so grateful that you made the app.
Greenlight Bonnie
Android user
I found this app a couple years ago and it has only gotten better since then. I really love it because it can help with written questions and photo questions. Also, it can find study guides that other people have made as well as flashcard sets and practice tests. The free version is also amazing for students who might not be able to afford it. Would 100% recommend
Aubrey
iOS user
Best app if you're in Highschool or Junior high. I have been using this app for 2 school years and it's the best, it's good if you don't have anyone to help you with school work.😋🩷🎀
Marco B
iOS user
THE QUIZES AND FLASHCARDS ARE SO USEFUL AND I LOVE THE SCHOOLGPT. IT ALSO IS LITREALLY LIKE CHATGPT BUT SMARTER!! HELPED ME WITH MY MASCARA PROBLEMS TOO!! AS WELL AS MY REAL SUBJECTS ! DUHHH 😍😁😲🤑💗✨🎀😮
Elisha
iOS user
This app is phenomenal down to the correct info and the various topics you can study! I greatly recommend it for people who struggle with procrastination and those who need homework help. It has been perfectly accurate for world 1 history as far as I’ve seen! Geometry too!
Paul T
iOS user
The app is very easy to use and well designed. I have found everything I was looking for so far and have been able to learn a lot from the presentations! I will definitely use the app for a class assignment! And of course it also helps a lot as an inspiration.
Stefan S
iOS user
This app is really great. There are so many study notes and help [...]. My problem subject is French, for example, and the app has so many options for help. Thanks to this app, I have improved my French. I would recommend it to anyone.
Samantha Klich
Android user
Wow, I am really amazed. I just tried the app because I've seen it advertised many times and was absolutely stunned. This app is THE HELP you want for school and above all, it offers so many things, such as workouts and fact sheets, which have been VERY helpful to me personally.
Anna
iOS user
I think it’s very much worth it and you’ll end up using it a lot once you get the hang of it and even after looking at others notes you can still ask your Artificial intelligence buddy the question and ask to simplify it if you still don’t get it!!! In the end I think it’s worth it 😊👍 ⚠️Also DID I MENTION ITS FREEE YOU DON’T HAVE TO PAY FOR ANYTHING AND STILL GET YOUR GRADES IN PERFECTLY❗️❗️⚠️
Thomas R
iOS user
Knowunity is the BEST app I’ve used in a minute. This is not an ai review or anything this is genuinely coming from a 7th grade student (I know 2011 im young) but dude this app is a 10/10 i have maintained a 3.8 gpa and have plenty of time for gaming. I love it and my mom is just happy I got good grades
Brad T
Android user
Not only did it help me find the answer but it also showed me alternative ways to solve it. I was horrible in math and science but now I have an a in both subjects. Thanks for the help🤍🤍
David K
iOS user
The app's just great! All I have to do is enter the topic in the search bar and I get the response real fast. I don't have to watch 10 YouTube videos to understand something, so I'm saving my time. Highly recommended!
Sudenaz Ocak
Android user
In school I was really bad at maths but thanks to the app, I am doing better now. I am so grateful that you made the app.
Greenlight Bonnie
Android user
I found this app a couple years ago and it has only gotten better since then. I really love it because it can help with written questions and photo questions. Also, it can find study guides that other people have made as well as flashcard sets and practice tests. The free version is also amazing for students who might not be able to afford it. Would 100% recommend
Aubrey
iOS user
Best app if you're in Highschool or Junior high. I have been using this app for 2 school years and it's the best, it's good if you don't have anyone to help you with school work.😋🩷🎀
Marco B
iOS user
THE QUIZES AND FLASHCARDS ARE SO USEFUL AND I LOVE THE SCHOOLGPT. IT ALSO IS LITREALLY LIKE CHATGPT BUT SMARTER!! HELPED ME WITH MY MASCARA PROBLEMS TOO!! AS WELL AS MY REAL SUBJECTS ! DUHHH 😍😁😲🤑💗✨🎀😮
Elisha
iOS user
This app is phenomenal down to the correct info and the various topics you can study! I greatly recommend it for people who struggle with procrastination and those who need homework help. It has been perfectly accurate for world 1 history as far as I’ve seen! Geometry too!
Paul T
iOS user
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