Subjects

Chemistry

Atomic structure and properties

Atomic structure and electron configuration

Understanding Quantum Numbers and Electron Configurations: Simple Guide for Kids

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Understanding Quantum Numbers and Electron Configurations: Simple Guide for Kids

Drizzle Hinata

@drizzlehinata

147 Followers

Understanding quantum numbers and electron configurations is crucial for grasping atomic structure and behavior. This comprehensive guide covers the fundamental concepts of quantum mechanics, including the four quantum numbers, Hund's rule, the Pauli exclusion principle, and the Aufbau principle. It also explains how to write and determine electron configurations for elements.

Key points:

Explores theories by Louis deBroglie, Werner Heisenberg, and Erwin Schrödinger
Defines and explains the four quantum numbers: principal, azimuthal, magnetic, and spin
Discusses orbital diagrams and electron configuration models
Covers the Aufbau principle for filling electron orbitals
Explains how to write abbreviated electron configurations using noble gases

2/17/2023

157

Lesson 18 Quantum Numbers
and Electron Configurations
Learning Targets:
1. I can define and explain the four quantum
numbers.
2. I can expla

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Orbital Diagrams and Electron Configurations

This section introduces orbital diagrams and electron configurations as models for representing electron arrangements in atoms. It also explains Hund's Rule for filling orbitals.

Definition: Orbital diagrams are visual representations showing how electrons are distributed among different sublevels and their spin directions.

Highlight: Hund's Rule states that for orbital diagrams, you must fill in orbitals in the same energy level with one electron each before pairing up any electrons.

Vocabulary: Electron configurations are abbreviated forms of representing electron arrangements in atoms.

Example: The maximum number of electrons that can occupy each sublevel is provided: s = 2, p = 6, d = 10, f = 14.

View

Orbital Quantum Number and Orbital Shapes

This page explains the orbital quantum number (also known as the azimuthal quantum number) and its relationship to orbital shapes. It also introduces the notation used for different sublevels.

Definition: The orbital quantum number (l) describes the shape of the orbital that the electron is found in and can have a value from 0 to 3.

Example: The orbital quantum numbers are often represented by letters: 0 = s, 1 = p, 2 = d, 3 = f.

Highlight: The page includes visual representations of f orbital shapes, illustrating the complex three-dimensional structures of these higher-energy orbitals.

View

Electron Configuration Table and Pauli Exclusion Principle

This page presents a comprehensive table showing the relationship between principal energy levels, sublevels, and the number of electrons possible in each. It also introduces the Pauli Exclusion Principle.

Highlight: The table provides a clear overview of how electrons are distributed across energy levels and sublevels, showing the maximum number of electrons possible for each configuration.

Definition: The Pauli Exclusion Principle states that no two electrons can have the same four quantum numbers in the same atom.

Example: The principle is analogized to a city address system, where no two people can have the same complete address, but they could live in the same city, on the same street, or even in the same house, but not the same apartment.

View

Historical Background: Scientists and Their Theories

This section introduces the key scientists whose theories led to our current understanding of electrons and atomic structure. It highlights the contributions of Louis deBroglie, Werner Heisenberg, and Erwin Schrödinger.

Example: Louis deBroglie proposed the DeBroglie Hypothesis, which states that particles have properties of both waves and particles, expressed by the formula λ = h/mv.

Highlight: Werner Heisenberg's Uncertainty Principle states that it is impossible to know both the exact location and exact momentum of a particle simultaneously.

Quote: "Erwin Schrödinger treated electrons as waves to help determine probability of location within an atom, leading to the creation of the quantum mechanical model we use today."

View

Conclusion

The lesson concludes with a brief mention of additional information on electron configurations, suggesting that there is more to learn about this topic in future lessons.

Highlight: The comprehensive coverage of quantum numbers and electron configurations provides a solid foundation for understanding atomic structure and behavior in more advanced chemistry studies.

View

Quantum Numbers: Introduction and Principal Quantum Number

This section introduces the concept of quantum numbers and begins explaining the four quantum numbers used to describe electrons in atoms. It focuses on the principal quantum number.

Definition: Quantum numbers are used to differentiate between electrons and describe their properties within an atom.

Highlight: Each electron in an atom is assigned a set of four quantum numbers, three of which give the location of the electron, and the fourth gives its orientation within the orbital.

Vocabulary: The principal quantum number (n) describes the energy level that the electron occupies and can have a value from 1 to 7.

View

Orbital Filling Diagram and Electron Distribution

This section provides a detailed diagram illustrating the order of filling orbitals and the number of electrons in each sublevel. It visually represents the concepts introduced in the previous page.

Highlight: The diagram offers a clear visual representation of how electrons are distributed across different energy levels and sublevels as atomic number increases.

Example: The diagram shows that the 4s orbital is filled before the 3d orbital, which is an important exception to the general rule of filling lower energy levels first.

View

Abbreviated Electron Configurations Using Noble Gases

The final section introduces a method for writing abbreviated electron configurations using noble gases as a shorthand for inner electron shells.

Definition: Abbreviated electron configurations use the symbol of the nearest noble gas with a smaller atomic number to represent the core electrons, followed by the remaining electron configuration.

Highlight: This method is particularly useful for writing configurations of larger elements, as it significantly reduces the length of the notation.

Example: Only noble gases can be used for this abbreviation method, not any other elements.

View

Magnetic Quantum Number and Spin Quantum Number

This section covers the magnetic quantum number and the spin quantum number, completing the explanation of the four quantum numbers used to describe electrons in atoms.

Definition: The magnetic quantum number (m₁) describes the orientation of the electrons in the orbitals and defines the specific orbital of the electron within a sublevel.

Example: For the p sublevel (l = 1), the magnetic quantum number can equal -1, 0, or +1, corresponding to the three p orbitals.

Vocabulary: The spin quantum number (ms) describes the direction of spin of the electron in the orbital and can have a value of +1/2 or -1/2 only.

View

The Aufbau Principle and Orbital Filling Order

This page explains the Aufbau Principle and provides a visual guide for the order of filling electron orbitals in atoms.

Definition: The Aufbau Principle states that when predicting an atom's ground state electron configuration, electrons will occupy the lowest energy orbital available first.

Highlight: The page includes a diagram showing the order of filling orbitals, which is crucial for writing correct electron configurations.

Example: The order of filling orbitals is given as: 1s, 2s, 2p, 3s, 3p, 4s, 3d, 4p, 5s, 4d, 5p, 6s, 4f, 5d, 6p, 7s, 5f, 6d, 7p.

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Download in

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Knowunity is the # 1 ranked education app in five European countries

4.9+

Average App Rating

13 M

Students use Knowunity

#1

In Education App Charts in 12 Countries

950 K+

Students uploaded study notes

Still not sure? Look at what your fellow peers are saying...

iOS User

I love this app so much [...] I recommend Knowunity to everyone!!! I went from a C to an A with it :D

Stefan S, iOS User

The application is very simple and well designed. So far I have found what I was looking for :D

SuSSan, iOS User

Love this App ❤️, I use it basically all the time whenever I'm studying

Subjects

Chemistry

Atomic structure and properties

Atomic structure and electron configuration

Understanding Quantum Numbers and Electron Configurations: Simple Guide for Kids

Drizzle Hinata

@drizzlehinata

147 Followers

Key points:

Explores theories by Louis deBroglie, Werner Heisenberg, and Erwin Schrödinger
Defines and explains the four quantum numbers: principal, azimuthal, magnetic, and spin
Discusses orbital diagrams and electron configuration models
Covers the Aufbau principle for filling electron orbitals
Explains how to write abbreviated electron configurations using noble gases

2/17/2023

157

Chemistry

Orbital Diagrams and Electron Configurations

This section introduces orbital diagrams and electron configurations as models for representing electron arrangements in atoms. It also explains Hund's Rule for filling orbitals.

Definition: Orbital diagrams are visual representations showing how electrons are distributed among different sublevels and their spin directions.

Highlight: Hund's Rule states that for orbital diagrams, you must fill in orbitals in the same energy level with one electron each before pairing up any electrons.

Vocabulary: Electron configurations are abbreviated forms of representing electron arrangements in atoms.

Example: The maximum number of electrons that can occupy each sublevel is provided: s = 2, p = 6, d = 10, f = 14.

Orbital Quantum Number and Orbital Shapes

Definition: The orbital quantum number (l) describes the shape of the orbital that the electron is found in and can have a value from 0 to 3.

Example: The orbital quantum numbers are often represented by letters: 0 = s, 1 = p, 2 = d, 3 = f.

Highlight: The page includes visual representations of f orbital shapes, illustrating the complex three-dimensional structures of these higher-energy orbitals.

Electron Configuration Table and Pauli Exclusion Principle

Highlight: The table provides a clear overview of how electrons are distributed across energy levels and sublevels, showing the maximum number of electrons possible for each configuration.

Definition: The Pauli Exclusion Principle states that no two electrons can have the same four quantum numbers in the same atom.

Example: The principle is analogized to a city address system, where no two people can have the same complete address, but they could live in the same city, on the same street, or even in the same house, but not the same apartment.

Historical Background: Scientists and Their Theories

Example: Louis deBroglie proposed the DeBroglie Hypothesis, which states that particles have properties of both waves and particles, expressed by the formula λ = h/mv.

Highlight: Werner Heisenberg's Uncertainty Principle states that it is impossible to know both the exact location and exact momentum of a particle simultaneously.

Quote: "Erwin Schrödinger treated electrons as waves to help determine probability of location within an atom, leading to the creation of the quantum mechanical model we use today."

Conclusion

The lesson concludes with a brief mention of additional information on electron configurations, suggesting that there is more to learn about this topic in future lessons.

Highlight: The comprehensive coverage of quantum numbers and electron configurations provides a solid foundation for understanding atomic structure and behavior in more advanced chemistry studies.

Quantum Numbers: Introduction and Principal Quantum Number

This section introduces the concept of quantum numbers and begins explaining the four quantum numbers used to describe electrons in atoms. It focuses on the principal quantum number.

Definition: Quantum numbers are used to differentiate between electrons and describe their properties within an atom.

Highlight: Each electron in an atom is assigned a set of four quantum numbers, three of which give the location of the electron, and the fourth gives its orientation within the orbital.

Vocabulary: The principal quantum number (n) describes the energy level that the electron occupies and can have a value from 1 to 7.

Orbital Filling Diagram and Electron Distribution

This section provides a detailed diagram illustrating the order of filling orbitals and the number of electrons in each sublevel. It visually represents the concepts introduced in the previous page.

Highlight: The diagram offers a clear visual representation of how electrons are distributed across different energy levels and sublevels as atomic number increases.

Example: The diagram shows that the 4s orbital is filled before the 3d orbital, which is an important exception to the general rule of filling lower energy levels first.

Abbreviated Electron Configurations Using Noble Gases

The final section introduces a method for writing abbreviated electron configurations using noble gases as a shorthand for inner electron shells.

Definition: Abbreviated electron configurations use the symbol of the nearest noble gas with a smaller atomic number to represent the core electrons, followed by the remaining electron configuration.

Highlight: This method is particularly useful for writing configurations of larger elements, as it significantly reduces the length of the notation.

Example: Only noble gases can be used for this abbreviation method, not any other elements.

Magnetic Quantum Number and Spin Quantum Number

This section covers the magnetic quantum number and the spin quantum number, completing the explanation of the four quantum numbers used to describe electrons in atoms.

Definition: The magnetic quantum number (m₁) describes the orientation of the electrons in the orbitals and defines the specific orbital of the electron within a sublevel.

Example: For the p sublevel (l = 1), the magnetic quantum number can equal -1, 0, or +1, corresponding to the three p orbitals.

Vocabulary: The spin quantum number (ms) describes the direction of spin of the electron in the orbital and can have a value of +1/2 or -1/2 only.

The Aufbau Principle and Orbital Filling Order

This page explains the Aufbau Principle and provides a visual guide for the order of filling electron orbitals in atoms.

Definition: The Aufbau Principle states that when predicting an atom's ground state electron configuration, electrons will occupy the lowest energy orbital available first.

Highlight: The page includes a diagram showing the order of filling orbitals, which is crucial for writing correct electron configurations.

Example: The order of filling orbitals is given as: 1s, 2s, 2p, 3s, 3p, 4s, 3d, 4p, 5s, 4d, 5p, 6s, 4f, 5d, 6p, 7s, 5f, 6d, 7p.

Can't find what you're looking for? Explore other subjects.

Knowunity is the # 1 ranked education app in five European countries

Knowunity was a featured story by Apple and has consistently topped the app store charts within the education category in Germany, Italy, Poland, Switzerland and United Kingdom. Join Knowunity today and help millions of students around the world.

Download in

Google Play

Download in

App Store

4.9+

Average App Rating

13 M

Students use Knowunity

#1

In Education App Charts in 12 Countries

950 K+

Students uploaded study notes

Still not sure? Look at what your fellow peers are saying...

iOS User

I love this app so much [...] I recommend Knowunity to everyone!!! I went from a C to an A with it :D

Stefan S, iOS User

The application is very simple and well designed. So far I have found what I was looking for :D

SuSSan, iOS User

Understanding Quantum Numbers and Electron Configurations: Simple Guide for Kids

Orbital Diagrams and Electron Configurations

Orbital Quantum Number and Orbital Shapes

Electron Configuration Table and Pauli Exclusion Principle

Historical Background: Scientists and Their Theories

Conclusion

Quantum Numbers: Introduction and Principal Quantum Number

Orbital Filling Diagram and Electron Distribution

Abbreviated Electron Configurations Using Noble Gases

Magnetic Quantum Number and Spin Quantum Number

The Aufbau Principle and Orbital Filling Order

Similar Content

Can't find what you're looking for? Explore other subjects.

Knowunity is the # 1 ranked education app in five European countries

Knowunity was a featured story by Apple and has consistently topped the app store charts within the education category in Germany, Italy, Poland, Switzerland and United Kingdom. Join Knowunity today and help millions of students around the world.

4.9+

13 M

#1

950 K+

Still not sure? Look at what your fellow peers are saying...

I love this app so much [...] I recommend Knowunity to everyone!!! I went from a C to an A with it :D

The application is very simple and well designed. So far I have found what I was looking for :D

Love this App ❤️, I use it basically all the time whenever I'm studying

Understanding Quantum Numbers and Electron Configurations: Simple Guide for Kids

Orbital Diagrams and Electron Configurations

Orbital Quantum Number and Orbital Shapes

Electron Configuration Table and Pauli Exclusion Principle

Historical Background: Scientists and Their Theories

Conclusion

Quantum Numbers: Introduction and Principal Quantum Number

Orbital Filling Diagram and Electron Distribution

Abbreviated Electron Configurations Using Noble Gases

Magnetic Quantum Number and Spin Quantum Number

The Aufbau Principle and Orbital Filling Order

Similar Content

Can't find what you're looking for? Explore other subjects.

Knowunity is the # 1 ranked education app in five European countries

Knowunity was a featured story by Apple and has consistently topped the app store charts within the education category in Germany, Italy, Poland, Switzerland and United Kingdom. Join Knowunity today and help millions of students around the world.

4.9+

13 M

#1

950 K+

Still not sure? Look at what your fellow peers are saying...

I love this app so much [...] I recommend Knowunity to everyone!!! I went from a C to an A with it :D

The application is very simple and well designed. So far I have found what I was looking for :D

Love this App ❤️, I use it basically all the time whenever I'm studying