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Page 2: Yield Calculations and Percent Yield
Understanding Yield in Chemical Reactions
This page focuses on the concepts of theoretical yield, actual yield, and percent yield in chemical reactions. These concepts are crucial for understanding the efficiency and practicality of chemical processes.
Definition: Theoretical yield is the amount of product predicted by stoichiometry through calculations.
Definition: Actual yield is the actual amount of product made during a real reaction.
Highlight: The theoretical yield will always be larger than the actual yield.
Percent Yield Calculations
The guide introduces the concept of percent yield and provides examples of its calculation.
Definition: Percent yield is the ratio of the actual yield to the theoretical yield, expressed as a percentage. It represents the efficiency of the reaction.
Highlight: Percent yield should never be above 100%.
Examples of Yield Calculations
- Calcium Carbonate Decomposition: CaCO₃ → CaO + CO₂ Given: 24.8g of calcium carbonate heated Theoretical yield of CaO: 13.90g Actual yield: 13.1g Percent yield: × 100 = 94.2%
- Copper Nitrate Decomposition: 2Cu₂ → 2CuO + 4NO₂ + O₂ Given: 15.0g of Cu₂ Calculation of theoretical yield of O₂: 0.2 mol O₂
- Calcium Hydroxide and Hydrochloric Acid Reaction: Ca₂ + 2HCl → CaCl₂ + 2H₂O Given: 65.0g Ca₂ Theoretical yield of CaCl₂: 97.35g
These examples demonstrate how to calculate theoretical yield and percent yield in various chemical reactions, illustrating the practical application of stoichiometric principles.
Example: In the calcium carbonate decomposition reaction, the percent yield is calculated as × 100 = × 100 = 94.2%.
This comprehensive guide provides a solid foundation for understanding and applying stoichiometric calculations in chemical reactions, from basic mole ratios to complex yield determinations.
Page 1: Introduction to Stoichiometry and Limiting Reagents
Stoichiometry: Quantifying Chemical Reactions
Stoichiometry is a crucial area of chemistry that involves calculating quantities in chemical reactions. It allows us to quantify reactants and products using various units such as moles, mass, volume, and number of atoms or molecules.
Definition: Stoichiometry is the calculation of quantities in chemical reactions.
The foundation of stoichiometric calculations lies in the balanced chemical equation, where coefficients indicate the molar relationships between substances.
Vocabulary: A mole ratio is a conversion factor derived from the coefficients of a balanced chemical equation, interpreted in terms of moles.
Stoichiometric Calculations Examples
The guide provides several examples of stoichiometric calculations for reactions in solution:
- Quantifying products and reactants in the reaction: H₂S + 3O₂ → 2SO₂ + 2H₂O Mass calculation: 3 moles O₂ × 32g O₂/1 mole O₂ = 96g O₂ Volume calculation: 3 moles O₂ × 22.4L O₂/1 mole O₂ = 67.2L O₂ Molecule calculation: 3 moles O₂ × 6.02 × 10²³ molecules O₂/1 mole O₂ = 1.806 × 10²⁴ O₂ molecules
- Determining the limiting reagent in the reaction: 2Cu + S → Cu₂S Given: 80.0g copper and 25.0g sulfur Calculations show that sulfur is the limiting reagent, producing 0.629 mol Cu₂S
Example: In the reaction Zn + 2HF → ZnF₂ + H₂, when 11.9g of zinc reacts with 163.1g of hydrofluoric acid, ZnF₂ is the limiting reagent, producing 0.09 mol ZnF₂.
Vocabulary: The limiting reagent is the reactant that determines the amount of product that can be formed in a chemical reaction.
Vocabulary: An excess reagent is any reactant that is not completely used up in a reaction.
Can't find what you're looking for? Explore other subjects.
Students love us — and so will you.
4.9/5
App Store
4.8/5
Google Play
The app is very easy to use and well designed. I have found everything I was looking for so far and have been able to learn a lot from the presentations! I will definitely use the app for a class assignment! And of course it also helps a lot as an inspiration.
Stefan S
iOS user
This app is really great. There are so many study notes and help [...]. My problem subject is French, for example, and the app has so many options for help. Thanks to this app, I have improved my French. I would recommend it to anyone.
Samantha Klich
Android user
Wow, I am really amazed. I just tried the app because I've seen it advertised many times and was absolutely stunned. This app is THE HELP you want for school and above all, it offers so many things, such as workouts and fact sheets, which have been VERY helpful to me personally.
Anna
iOS user
I think it’s very much worth it and you’ll end up using it a lot once you get the hang of it and even after looking at others notes you can still ask your Artificial intelligence buddy the question and ask to simplify it if you still don’t get it!!! In the end I think it’s worth it 😊👍 ⚠️Also DID I MENTION ITS FREEE YOU DON’T HAVE TO PAY FOR ANYTHING AND STILL GET YOUR GRADES IN PERFECTLY❗️❗️⚠️
Thomas R
iOS user
Knowunity is the BEST app I’ve used in a minute. This is not an ai review or anything this is genuinely coming from a 7th grade student (I know 2011 im young) but dude this app is a 10/10 i have maintained a 3.8 gpa and have plenty of time for gaming. I love it and my mom is just happy I got good grades
Brad T
Android user
Not only did it help me find the answer but it also showed me alternative ways to solve it. I was horrible in math and science but now I have an a in both subjects. Thanks for the help🤍🤍
David K
iOS user
The app's just great! All I have to do is enter the topic in the search bar and I get the response real fast. I don't have to watch 10 YouTube videos to understand something, so I'm saving my time. Highly recommended!
Sudenaz Ocak
Android user
In school I was really bad at maths but thanks to the app, I am doing better now. I am so grateful that you made the app.
Greenlight Bonnie
Android user
I found this app a couple years ago and it has only gotten better since then. I really love it because it can help with written questions and photo questions. Also, it can find study guides that other people have made as well as flashcard sets and practice tests. The free version is also amazing for students who might not be able to afford it. Would 100% recommend
Aubrey
iOS user
Best app if you're in Highschool or Junior high. I have been using this app for 2 school years and it's the best, it's good if you don't have anyone to help you with school work.😋🩷🎀
Marco B
iOS user
THE QUIZES AND FLASHCARDS ARE SO USEFUL AND I LOVE THE SCHOOLGPT. IT ALSO IS LITREALLY LIKE CHATGPT BUT SMARTER!! HELPED ME WITH MY MASCARA PROBLEMS TOO!! AS WELL AS MY REAL SUBJECTS ! DUHHH 😍😁😲🤑💗✨🎀😮
Elisha
iOS user
This app is phenomenal down to the correct info and the various topics you can study! I greatly recommend it for people who struggle with procrastination and those who need homework help. It has been perfectly accurate for world 1 history as far as I’ve seen! Geometry too!
Paul T
iOS user
The app is very easy to use and well designed. I have found everything I was looking for so far and have been able to learn a lot from the presentations! I will definitely use the app for a class assignment! And of course it also helps a lot as an inspiration.
Stefan S
iOS user
This app is really great. There are so many study notes and help [...]. My problem subject is French, for example, and the app has so many options for help. Thanks to this app, I have improved my French. I would recommend it to anyone.
Samantha Klich
Android user
Wow, I am really amazed. I just tried the app because I've seen it advertised many times and was absolutely stunned. This app is THE HELP you want for school and above all, it offers so many things, such as workouts and fact sheets, which have been VERY helpful to me personally.
Anna
iOS user
I think it’s very much worth it and you’ll end up using it a lot once you get the hang of it and even after looking at others notes you can still ask your Artificial intelligence buddy the question and ask to simplify it if you still don’t get it!!! In the end I think it’s worth it 😊👍 ⚠️Also DID I MENTION ITS FREEE YOU DON’T HAVE TO PAY FOR ANYTHING AND STILL GET YOUR GRADES IN PERFECTLY❗️❗️⚠️
Thomas R
iOS user
Knowunity is the BEST app I’ve used in a minute. This is not an ai review or anything this is genuinely coming from a 7th grade student (I know 2011 im young) but dude this app is a 10/10 i have maintained a 3.8 gpa and have plenty of time for gaming. I love it and my mom is just happy I got good grades
Brad T
Android user
Not only did it help me find the answer but it also showed me alternative ways to solve it. I was horrible in math and science but now I have an a in both subjects. Thanks for the help🤍🤍
David K
iOS user
The app's just great! All I have to do is enter the topic in the search bar and I get the response real fast. I don't have to watch 10 YouTube videos to understand something, so I'm saving my time. Highly recommended!
Sudenaz Ocak
Android user
In school I was really bad at maths but thanks to the app, I am doing better now. I am so grateful that you made the app.
Greenlight Bonnie
Android user
I found this app a couple years ago and it has only gotten better since then. I really love it because it can help with written questions and photo questions. Also, it can find study guides that other people have made as well as flashcard sets and practice tests. The free version is also amazing for students who might not be able to afford it. Would 100% recommend
Aubrey
iOS user
Best app if you're in Highschool or Junior high. I have been using this app for 2 school years and it's the best, it's good if you don't have anyone to help you with school work.😋🩷🎀
Marco B
iOS user
THE QUIZES AND FLASHCARDS ARE SO USEFUL AND I LOVE THE SCHOOLGPT. IT ALSO IS LITREALLY LIKE CHATGPT BUT SMARTER!! HELPED ME WITH MY MASCARA PROBLEMS TOO!! AS WELL AS MY REAL SUBJECTS ! DUHHH 😍😁😲🤑💗✨🎀😮
Elisha
iOS user
This app is phenomenal down to the correct info and the various topics you can study! I greatly recommend it for people who struggle with procrastination and those who need homework help. It has been perfectly accurate for world 1 history as far as I’ve seen! Geometry too!
Paul T
iOS user
Fun with Stoichiometry: Limiting Reagents and Yield Made Easy!
Stoichiometry is a fundamental concept in chemistry that deals with quantitative relationships in chemical reactions. It involves calculating the amounts of reactants and products in chemical processes, using stoichiometry and limiting reagents in chemical reactions. This summary covers key... Show more
Page 2: Yield Calculations and Percent Yield
Understanding Yield in Chemical Reactions
This page focuses on the concepts of theoretical yield, actual yield, and percent yield in chemical reactions. These concepts are crucial for understanding the efficiency and practicality of chemical processes.
Definition: Theoretical yield is the amount of product predicted by stoichiometry through calculations.
Definition: Actual yield is the actual amount of product made during a real reaction.
Highlight: The theoretical yield will always be larger than the actual yield.
Percent Yield Calculations
The guide introduces the concept of percent yield and provides examples of its calculation.
Definition: Percent yield is the ratio of the actual yield to the theoretical yield, expressed as a percentage. It represents the efficiency of the reaction.
Highlight: Percent yield should never be above 100%.
Examples of Yield Calculations
- Calcium Carbonate Decomposition: CaCO₃ → CaO + CO₂ Given: 24.8g of calcium carbonate heated Theoretical yield of CaO: 13.90g Actual yield: 13.1g Percent yield: × 100 = 94.2%
- Copper Nitrate Decomposition: 2Cu₂ → 2CuO + 4NO₂ + O₂ Given: 15.0g of Cu₂ Calculation of theoretical yield of O₂: 0.2 mol O₂
- Calcium Hydroxide and Hydrochloric Acid Reaction: Ca₂ + 2HCl → CaCl₂ + 2H₂O Given: 65.0g Ca₂ Theoretical yield of CaCl₂: 97.35g
These examples demonstrate how to calculate theoretical yield and percent yield in various chemical reactions, illustrating the practical application of stoichiometric principles.
Example: In the calcium carbonate decomposition reaction, the percent yield is calculated as × 100 = × 100 = 94.2%.
This comprehensive guide provides a solid foundation for understanding and applying stoichiometric calculations in chemical reactions, from basic mole ratios to complex yield determinations.
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Improve your grades
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Page 1: Introduction to Stoichiometry and Limiting Reagents
Stoichiometry: Quantifying Chemical Reactions
Stoichiometry is a crucial area of chemistry that involves calculating quantities in chemical reactions. It allows us to quantify reactants and products using various units such as moles, mass, volume, and number of atoms or molecules.
Definition: Stoichiometry is the calculation of quantities in chemical reactions.
The foundation of stoichiometric calculations lies in the balanced chemical equation, where coefficients indicate the molar relationships between substances.
Vocabulary: A mole ratio is a conversion factor derived from the coefficients of a balanced chemical equation, interpreted in terms of moles.
Stoichiometric Calculations Examples
The guide provides several examples of stoichiometric calculations for reactions in solution:
- Quantifying products and reactants in the reaction: H₂S + 3O₂ → 2SO₂ + 2H₂O Mass calculation: 3 moles O₂ × 32g O₂/1 mole O₂ = 96g O₂ Volume calculation: 3 moles O₂ × 22.4L O₂/1 mole O₂ = 67.2L O₂ Molecule calculation: 3 moles O₂ × 6.02 × 10²³ molecules O₂/1 mole O₂ = 1.806 × 10²⁴ O₂ molecules
- Determining the limiting reagent in the reaction: 2Cu + S → Cu₂S Given: 80.0g copper and 25.0g sulfur Calculations show that sulfur is the limiting reagent, producing 0.629 mol Cu₂S
Example: In the reaction Zn + 2HF → ZnF₂ + H₂, when 11.9g of zinc reacts with 163.1g of hydrofluoric acid, ZnF₂ is the limiting reagent, producing 0.09 mol ZnF₂.
Vocabulary: The limiting reagent is the reactant that determines the amount of product that can be formed in a chemical reaction.
Vocabulary: An excess reagent is any reactant that is not completely used up in a reaction.
Can't find what you're looking for? Explore other subjects.
Students love us — and so will you.
4.9/5
App Store
4.8/5
Google Play
The app is very easy to use and well designed. I have found everything I was looking for so far and have been able to learn a lot from the presentations! I will definitely use the app for a class assignment! And of course it also helps a lot as an inspiration.
Stefan S
iOS user
This app is really great. There are so many study notes and help [...]. My problem subject is French, for example, and the app has so many options for help. Thanks to this app, I have improved my French. I would recommend it to anyone.
Samantha Klich
Android user
Wow, I am really amazed. I just tried the app because I've seen it advertised many times and was absolutely stunned. This app is THE HELP you want for school and above all, it offers so many things, such as workouts and fact sheets, which have been VERY helpful to me personally.
Anna
iOS user
I think it’s very much worth it and you’ll end up using it a lot once you get the hang of it and even after looking at others notes you can still ask your Artificial intelligence buddy the question and ask to simplify it if you still don’t get it!!! In the end I think it’s worth it 😊👍 ⚠️Also DID I MENTION ITS FREEE YOU DON’T HAVE TO PAY FOR ANYTHING AND STILL GET YOUR GRADES IN PERFECTLY❗️❗️⚠️
Thomas R
iOS user
Knowunity is the BEST app I’ve used in a minute. This is not an ai review or anything this is genuinely coming from a 7th grade student (I know 2011 im young) but dude this app is a 10/10 i have maintained a 3.8 gpa and have plenty of time for gaming. I love it and my mom is just happy I got good grades
Brad T
Android user
Not only did it help me find the answer but it also showed me alternative ways to solve it. I was horrible in math and science but now I have an a in both subjects. Thanks for the help🤍🤍
David K
iOS user
The app's just great! All I have to do is enter the topic in the search bar and I get the response real fast. I don't have to watch 10 YouTube videos to understand something, so I'm saving my time. Highly recommended!
Sudenaz Ocak
Android user
In school I was really bad at maths but thanks to the app, I am doing better now. I am so grateful that you made the app.
Greenlight Bonnie
Android user
I found this app a couple years ago and it has only gotten better since then. I really love it because it can help with written questions and photo questions. Also, it can find study guides that other people have made as well as flashcard sets and practice tests. The free version is also amazing for students who might not be able to afford it. Would 100% recommend
Aubrey
iOS user
Best app if you're in Highschool or Junior high. I have been using this app for 2 school years and it's the best, it's good if you don't have anyone to help you with school work.😋🩷🎀
Marco B
iOS user
THE QUIZES AND FLASHCARDS ARE SO USEFUL AND I LOVE THE SCHOOLGPT. IT ALSO IS LITREALLY LIKE CHATGPT BUT SMARTER!! HELPED ME WITH MY MASCARA PROBLEMS TOO!! AS WELL AS MY REAL SUBJECTS ! DUHHH 😍😁😲🤑💗✨🎀😮
Elisha
iOS user
This app is phenomenal down to the correct info and the various topics you can study! I greatly recommend it for people who struggle with procrastination and those who need homework help. It has been perfectly accurate for world 1 history as far as I’ve seen! Geometry too!
Paul T
iOS user
The app is very easy to use and well designed. I have found everything I was looking for so far and have been able to learn a lot from the presentations! I will definitely use the app for a class assignment! And of course it also helps a lot as an inspiration.
Stefan S
iOS user
This app is really great. There are so many study notes and help [...]. My problem subject is French, for example, and the app has so many options for help. Thanks to this app, I have improved my French. I would recommend it to anyone.
Samantha Klich
Android user
Wow, I am really amazed. I just tried the app because I've seen it advertised many times and was absolutely stunned. This app is THE HELP you want for school and above all, it offers so many things, such as workouts and fact sheets, which have been VERY helpful to me personally.
Anna
iOS user
I think it’s very much worth it and you’ll end up using it a lot once you get the hang of it and even after looking at others notes you can still ask your Artificial intelligence buddy the question and ask to simplify it if you still don’t get it!!! In the end I think it’s worth it 😊👍 ⚠️Also DID I MENTION ITS FREEE YOU DON’T HAVE TO PAY FOR ANYTHING AND STILL GET YOUR GRADES IN PERFECTLY❗️❗️⚠️
Thomas R
iOS user
Knowunity is the BEST app I’ve used in a minute. This is not an ai review or anything this is genuinely coming from a 7th grade student (I know 2011 im young) but dude this app is a 10/10 i have maintained a 3.8 gpa and have plenty of time for gaming. I love it and my mom is just happy I got good grades
Brad T
Android user
Not only did it help me find the answer but it also showed me alternative ways to solve it. I was horrible in math and science but now I have an a in both subjects. Thanks for the help🤍🤍
David K
iOS user
The app's just great! All I have to do is enter the topic in the search bar and I get the response real fast. I don't have to watch 10 YouTube videos to understand something, so I'm saving my time. Highly recommended!
Sudenaz Ocak
Android user
In school I was really bad at maths but thanks to the app, I am doing better now. I am so grateful that you made the app.
Greenlight Bonnie
Android user
I found this app a couple years ago and it has only gotten better since then. I really love it because it can help with written questions and photo questions. Also, it can find study guides that other people have made as well as flashcard sets and practice tests. The free version is also amazing for students who might not be able to afford it. Would 100% recommend
Aubrey
iOS user
Best app if you're in Highschool or Junior high. I have been using this app for 2 school years and it's the best, it's good if you don't have anyone to help you with school work.😋🩷🎀
Marco B
iOS user
THE QUIZES AND FLASHCARDS ARE SO USEFUL AND I LOVE THE SCHOOLGPT. IT ALSO IS LITREALLY LIKE CHATGPT BUT SMARTER!! HELPED ME WITH MY MASCARA PROBLEMS TOO!! AS WELL AS MY REAL SUBJECTS ! DUHHH 😍😁😲🤑💗✨🎀😮
Elisha
iOS user
This app is phenomenal down to the correct info and the various topics you can study! I greatly recommend it for people who struggle with procrastination and those who need homework help. It has been perfectly accurate for world 1 history as far as I’ve seen! Geometry too!
Paul T
iOS user