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Computer Science / Programming

Dec 12, 2025

140

4 pages

Understanding Primary Memory and RAM in Computer Science Notes

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Islombek @islombek_zqdd

Computer memory is the backbone of computing devices, allowing them to store and access data. Understanding the different... Show more

# Chapter 3: "HARDWARE"

Types of Memory:

primary memory

RAM

secondary storage

hard disk drive (HDD)

solid state drive (SSD)

ROM

remo

Types of Computer Memory

Your computer uses different types of memory to function efficiently. Primary memory connects directly to your CPU and includes both Random Access Memory (RAM) and Read-Only Memory (ROM). This memory provides quick data access for your processor to run applications.

Secondary storage options give you permanent data storage through devices like Hard Disk Drives (HDD) and Solid State Drives (SSD). Unlike primary memory, these don't lose your data when powered off.

Removable storage devices let you transfer data between computers. Common examples include flash memory sticks, external hard drives, and optical media like DVDs and Blu-ray discs.

Quick Fact When someone talks about "upgrading their computer's memory," they're typically referring to adding more RAM, which can dramatically improve performance when running multiple programs simultaneously.

# Chapter 3: "HARDWARE"

Types of Memory:

primary memory

RAM

secondary storage

hard disk drive (HDD)

solid state drive (SSD)

ROM

remo

Understanding RAM

Random Access Memory (RAM) is your computer's primary working memory. Despite its name, "random" simply means the computer can access any memory location directly without going through previous data - making it extremely fast compared to storage drives.

RAM serves as temporary workspace for your computer. It stores the data and programs you're actively using, including parts of your operating system. The larger your RAM capacity, the more programs you can run simultaneously without slowdowns.

Key characteristics of RAM include

  • Super-fast data access compared to storage drives
  • Ability to be both read from and written to
  • Volatility - all data is lost when power is turned off
  • Directly impacts computer performance and speed

Dynamic RAM (DRAM) is the most common type in computers today. It stores data in tiny capacitors that must be refreshed every few milliseconds to maintain information. Each memory cell consists of a transistor (acting like a switch) and a capacitor (storing the data bit).

# Chapter 3: "HARDWARE"

Types of Memory:

primary memory

RAM

secondary storage

hard disk drive (HDD)

solid state drive (SSD)

ROM

remo

RAM Types Compared DRAM vs. SRAM

Static RAM (SRAM) uses a different technology than DRAM. Instead of capacitors, it uses flip-flops to store each bit of data. This means it doesn't need constant refreshing, making it faster but more expensive.

DRAM offers several advantages over SRAM despite being slower

  • Much lower manufacturing cost
  • Lower power consumption in most usage scenarios
  • Higher memory density (more storage in the same physical space)

The different characteristics make each type suitable for specific roles in your computer. SRAM is typically used in CPU cache memory where speed is critical, while DRAM serves as your main system memory (the RAM you see advertised when buying a computer).

Remember This Your computer uses both types of RAM together - SRAM for small, ultra-fast cache memory and DRAM for larger main memory. This combination gives you the best balance of speed and capacity.

# Chapter 3: "HARDWARE"

Types of Memory:

primary memory

RAM

secondary storage

hard disk drive (HDD)

solid state drive (SSD)

ROM

remo

We thought you’d never ask...

What is the Knowunity AI companion?

Our AI companion is specifically built for the needs of students. Based on the millions of content pieces we have on the platform we can provide truly meaningful and relevant answers to students. But its not only about answers, the companion is even more about guiding students through their daily learning challenges, with personalised study plans, quizzes or content pieces in the chat and 100% personalisation based on the students skills and developments.

Where can I download the Knowunity app?

You can download the app in the Google Play Store and in the Apple App Store.

Is Knowunity really free of charge?

That's right! Enjoy free access to study content, connect with fellow students, and get instant help – all at your fingertips.

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Transform this note into: ✓ 50+ Practice Questions ✓ Interactive Flashcards ✓ Full Mock Exam ✓ Essay Outlines

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Can't find what you're looking for? Explore other subjects.

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4.9/5

App Store

4.8/5

Google Play

The app is very easy to use and well designed. I have found everything I was looking for so far and have been able to learn a lot from the presentations! I will definitely use the app for a class assignment! And of course it also helps a lot as an inspiration.

Stefan S

iOS user

This app is really great. There are so many study notes and help [...]. My problem subject is French, for example, and the app has so many options for help. Thanks to this app, I have improved my French. I would recommend it to anyone.

Samantha Klich

Android user

Wow, I am really amazed. I just tried the app because I've seen it advertised many times and was absolutely stunned. This app is THE HELP you want for school and above all, it offers so many things, such as workouts and fact sheets, which have been VERY helpful to me personally.

Anna

iOS user

I think it’s very much worth it and you’ll end up using it a lot once you get the hang of it and even after looking at others notes you can still ask your Artificial intelligence buddy the question and ask to simplify it if you still don’t get it!!! In the end I think it’s worth it 😊👍 ⚠️Also DID I MENTION ITS FREEE YOU DON’T HAVE TO PAY FOR ANYTHING AND STILL GET YOUR GRADES IN PERFECTLY❗️❗️⚠️

Thomas R

iOS user

Knowunity is the BEST app I’ve used in a minute. This is not an ai review or anything this is genuinely coming from a 7th grade student (I know 2011 im young) but dude this app is a 10/10 i have maintained a 3.8 gpa and have plenty of time for gaming. I love it and my mom is just happy I got good grades

Brad T

Android user

Not only did it help me find the answer but it also showed me alternative ways to solve it. I was horrible in math and science but now I have an a in both subjects. Thanks for the help🤍🤍

David K

iOS user

The app's just great! All I have to do is enter the topic in the search bar and I get the response real fast. I don't have to watch 10 YouTube videos to understand something, so I'm saving my time. Highly recommended!

Sudenaz Ocak

Android user

In school I was really bad at maths but thanks to the app, I am doing better now. I am so grateful that you made the app.

Greenlight Bonnie

Android user

I found this app a couple years ago and it has only gotten better since then. I really love it because it can help with written questions and photo questions. Also, it can find study guides that other people have made as well as flashcard sets and practice tests. The free version is also amazing for students who might not be able to afford it. Would 100% recommend

Aubrey

iOS user

Best app if you're in Highschool or Junior high. I have been using this app for 2 school years and it's the best, it's good if you don't have anyone to help you with school work.😋🩷🎀

Marco B

iOS user

THE QUIZES AND FLASHCARDS ARE SO USEFUL AND I LOVE THE SCHOOLGPT. IT ALSO IS LITREALLY LIKE CHATGPT BUT SMARTER!! HELPED ME WITH MY MASCARA PROBLEMS TOO!! AS WELL AS MY REAL SUBJECTS ! DUHHH 😍😁😲🤑💗✨🎀😮

Elisha

iOS user

This app is phenomenal down to the correct info and the various topics you can study! I greatly recommend it for people who struggle with procrastination and those who need homework help. It has been perfectly accurate for world 1 history as far as I’ve seen! Geometry too!

Paul T

iOS user

The app is very easy to use and well designed. I have found everything I was looking for so far and have been able to learn a lot from the presentations! I will definitely use the app for a class assignment! And of course it also helps a lot as an inspiration.

Stefan S

iOS user

This app is really great. There are so many study notes and help [...]. My problem subject is French, for example, and the app has so many options for help. Thanks to this app, I have improved my French. I would recommend it to anyone.

Samantha Klich

Android user

Wow, I am really amazed. I just tried the app because I've seen it advertised many times and was absolutely stunned. This app is THE HELP you want for school and above all, it offers so many things, such as workouts and fact sheets, which have been VERY helpful to me personally.

Anna

iOS user

I think it’s very much worth it and you’ll end up using it a lot once you get the hang of it and even after looking at others notes you can still ask your Artificial intelligence buddy the question and ask to simplify it if you still don’t get it!!! In the end I think it’s worth it 😊👍 ⚠️Also DID I MENTION ITS FREEE YOU DON’T HAVE TO PAY FOR ANYTHING AND STILL GET YOUR GRADES IN PERFECTLY❗️❗️⚠️

Thomas R

iOS user

Knowunity is the BEST app I’ve used in a minute. This is not an ai review or anything this is genuinely coming from a 7th grade student (I know 2011 im young) but dude this app is a 10/10 i have maintained a 3.8 gpa and have plenty of time for gaming. I love it and my mom is just happy I got good grades

Brad T

Android user

Not only did it help me find the answer but it also showed me alternative ways to solve it. I was horrible in math and science but now I have an a in both subjects. Thanks for the help🤍🤍

David K

iOS user

The app's just great! All I have to do is enter the topic in the search bar and I get the response real fast. I don't have to watch 10 YouTube videos to understand something, so I'm saving my time. Highly recommended!

Sudenaz Ocak

Android user

In school I was really bad at maths but thanks to the app, I am doing better now. I am so grateful that you made the app.

Greenlight Bonnie

Android user

I found this app a couple years ago and it has only gotten better since then. I really love it because it can help with written questions and photo questions. Also, it can find study guides that other people have made as well as flashcard sets and practice tests. The free version is also amazing for students who might not be able to afford it. Would 100% recommend

Aubrey

iOS user

Best app if you're in Highschool or Junior high. I have been using this app for 2 school years and it's the best, it's good if you don't have anyone to help you with school work.😋🩷🎀

Marco B

iOS user

THE QUIZES AND FLASHCARDS ARE SO USEFUL AND I LOVE THE SCHOOLGPT. IT ALSO IS LITREALLY LIKE CHATGPT BUT SMARTER!! HELPED ME WITH MY MASCARA PROBLEMS TOO!! AS WELL AS MY REAL SUBJECTS ! DUHHH 😍😁😲🤑💗✨🎀😮

Elisha

iOS user

This app is phenomenal down to the correct info and the various topics you can study! I greatly recommend it for people who struggle with procrastination and those who need homework help. It has been perfectly accurate for world 1 history as far as I’ve seen! Geometry too!

Paul T

iOS user

 

Computer Science / Programming

140

Dec 12, 2025

4 pages

Understanding Primary Memory and RAM in Computer Science Notes

user profile picture

Islombek

@islombek_zqdd

Computer memory is the backbone of computing devices, allowing them to store and access data. Understanding the different types of memory helps explain why computers function the way they do and how they process information. This chapter explores the various... Show more

# Chapter 3: "HARDWARE"

Types of Memory:

primary memory

RAM

secondary storage

hard disk drive (HDD)

solid state drive (SSD)

ROM

remo

Sign up to see the contentIt's free!

Access to all documents

Improve your grades

Join milions of students

By signing up you accept Terms of Service and Privacy Policy

Types of Computer Memory

Your computer uses different types of memory to function efficiently. Primary memory connects directly to your CPU and includes both Random Access Memory (RAM) and Read-Only Memory (ROM). This memory provides quick data access for your processor to run applications.

Secondary storage options give you permanent data storage through devices like Hard Disk Drives (HDD) and Solid State Drives (SSD). Unlike primary memory, these don't lose your data when powered off.

Removable storage devices let you transfer data between computers. Common examples include flash memory sticks, external hard drives, and optical media like DVDs and Blu-ray discs.

Quick Fact: When someone talks about "upgrading their computer's memory," they're typically referring to adding more RAM, which can dramatically improve performance when running multiple programs simultaneously.

# Chapter 3: "HARDWARE"

Types of Memory:

primary memory

RAM

secondary storage

hard disk drive (HDD)

solid state drive (SSD)

ROM

remo

Sign up to see the contentIt's free!

Access to all documents

Improve your grades

Join milions of students

By signing up you accept Terms of Service and Privacy Policy

Understanding RAM

Random Access Memory (RAM) is your computer's primary working memory. Despite its name, "random" simply means the computer can access any memory location directly without going through previous data - making it extremely fast compared to storage drives.

RAM serves as temporary workspace for your computer. It stores the data and programs you're actively using, including parts of your operating system. The larger your RAM capacity, the more programs you can run simultaneously without slowdowns.

Key characteristics of RAM include:

  • Super-fast data access compared to storage drives
  • Ability to be both read from and written to
  • Volatility - all data is lost when power is turned off
  • Directly impacts computer performance and speed

Dynamic RAM (DRAM) is the most common type in computers today. It stores data in tiny capacitors that must be refreshed every few milliseconds to maintain information. Each memory cell consists of a transistor (acting like a switch) and a capacitor (storing the data bit).

# Chapter 3: "HARDWARE"

Types of Memory:

primary memory

RAM

secondary storage

hard disk drive (HDD)

solid state drive (SSD)

ROM

remo

Sign up to see the contentIt's free!

Access to all documents

Improve your grades

Join milions of students

By signing up you accept Terms of Service and Privacy Policy

RAM Types Compared: DRAM vs. SRAM

Static RAM (SRAM) uses a different technology than DRAM. Instead of capacitors, it uses flip-flops to store each bit of data. This means it doesn't need constant refreshing, making it faster but more expensive.

DRAM offers several advantages over SRAM despite being slower:

  • Much lower manufacturing cost
  • Lower power consumption in most usage scenarios
  • Higher memory density (more storage in the same physical space)

The different characteristics make each type suitable for specific roles in your computer. SRAM is typically used in CPU cache memory where speed is critical, while DRAM serves as your main system memory (the RAM you see advertised when buying a computer).

Remember This: Your computer uses both types of RAM together - SRAM for small, ultra-fast cache memory and DRAM for larger main memory. This combination gives you the best balance of speed and capacity.

# Chapter 3: "HARDWARE"

Types of Memory:

primary memory

RAM

secondary storage

hard disk drive (HDD)

solid state drive (SSD)

ROM

remo

Sign up to see the contentIt's free!

Access to all documents

Improve your grades

Join milions of students

By signing up you accept Terms of Service and Privacy Policy

We thought you’d never ask...

What is the Knowunity AI companion?

Our AI companion is specifically built for the needs of students. Based on the millions of content pieces we have on the platform we can provide truly meaningful and relevant answers to students. But its not only about answers, the companion is even more about guiding students through their daily learning challenges, with personalised study plans, quizzes or content pieces in the chat and 100% personalisation based on the students skills and developments.

Where can I download the Knowunity app?

You can download the app in the Google Play Store and in the Apple App Store.

Is Knowunity really free of charge?

That's right! Enjoy free access to study content, connect with fellow students, and get instant help – all at your fingertips.

5

Smart Tools NEW

Transform this note into: ✓ 50+ Practice Questions ✓ Interactive Flashcards ✓ Full Mock Exam ✓ Essay Outlines

Mock Exam
Quiz
Flashcards
Essay

Can't find what you're looking for? Explore other subjects.

Students love us — and so will you.

4.9/5

App Store

4.8/5

Google Play

The app is very easy to use and well designed. I have found everything I was looking for so far and have been able to learn a lot from the presentations! I will definitely use the app for a class assignment! And of course it also helps a lot as an inspiration.

Stefan S

iOS user

This app is really great. There are so many study notes and help [...]. My problem subject is French, for example, and the app has so many options for help. Thanks to this app, I have improved my French. I would recommend it to anyone.

Samantha Klich

Android user

Wow, I am really amazed. I just tried the app because I've seen it advertised many times and was absolutely stunned. This app is THE HELP you want for school and above all, it offers so many things, such as workouts and fact sheets, which have been VERY helpful to me personally.

Anna

iOS user

I think it’s very much worth it and you’ll end up using it a lot once you get the hang of it and even after looking at others notes you can still ask your Artificial intelligence buddy the question and ask to simplify it if you still don’t get it!!! In the end I think it’s worth it 😊👍 ⚠️Also DID I MENTION ITS FREEE YOU DON’T HAVE TO PAY FOR ANYTHING AND STILL GET YOUR GRADES IN PERFECTLY❗️❗️⚠️

Thomas R

iOS user

Knowunity is the BEST app I’ve used in a minute. This is not an ai review or anything this is genuinely coming from a 7th grade student (I know 2011 im young) but dude this app is a 10/10 i have maintained a 3.8 gpa and have plenty of time for gaming. I love it and my mom is just happy I got good grades

Brad T

Android user

Not only did it help me find the answer but it also showed me alternative ways to solve it. I was horrible in math and science but now I have an a in both subjects. Thanks for the help🤍🤍

David K

iOS user

The app's just great! All I have to do is enter the topic in the search bar and I get the response real fast. I don't have to watch 10 YouTube videos to understand something, so I'm saving my time. Highly recommended!

Sudenaz Ocak

Android user

In school I was really bad at maths but thanks to the app, I am doing better now. I am so grateful that you made the app.

Greenlight Bonnie

Android user

I found this app a couple years ago and it has only gotten better since then. I really love it because it can help with written questions and photo questions. Also, it can find study guides that other people have made as well as flashcard sets and practice tests. The free version is also amazing for students who might not be able to afford it. Would 100% recommend

Aubrey

iOS user

Best app if you're in Highschool or Junior high. I have been using this app for 2 school years and it's the best, it's good if you don't have anyone to help you with school work.😋🩷🎀

Marco B

iOS user

THE QUIZES AND FLASHCARDS ARE SO USEFUL AND I LOVE THE SCHOOLGPT. IT ALSO IS LITREALLY LIKE CHATGPT BUT SMARTER!! HELPED ME WITH MY MASCARA PROBLEMS TOO!! AS WELL AS MY REAL SUBJECTS ! DUHHH 😍😁😲🤑💗✨🎀😮

Elisha

iOS user

This app is phenomenal down to the correct info and the various topics you can study! I greatly recommend it for people who struggle with procrastination and those who need homework help. It has been perfectly accurate for world 1 history as far as I’ve seen! Geometry too!

Paul T

iOS user

The app is very easy to use and well designed. I have found everything I was looking for so far and have been able to learn a lot from the presentations! I will definitely use the app for a class assignment! And of course it also helps a lot as an inspiration.

Stefan S

iOS user

This app is really great. There are so many study notes and help [...]. My problem subject is French, for example, and the app has so many options for help. Thanks to this app, I have improved my French. I would recommend it to anyone.

Samantha Klich

Android user

Wow, I am really amazed. I just tried the app because I've seen it advertised many times and was absolutely stunned. This app is THE HELP you want for school and above all, it offers so many things, such as workouts and fact sheets, which have been VERY helpful to me personally.

Anna

iOS user

I think it’s very much worth it and you’ll end up using it a lot once you get the hang of it and even after looking at others notes you can still ask your Artificial intelligence buddy the question and ask to simplify it if you still don’t get it!!! In the end I think it’s worth it 😊👍 ⚠️Also DID I MENTION ITS FREEE YOU DON’T HAVE TO PAY FOR ANYTHING AND STILL GET YOUR GRADES IN PERFECTLY❗️❗️⚠️

Thomas R

iOS user

Knowunity is the BEST app I’ve used in a minute. This is not an ai review or anything this is genuinely coming from a 7th grade student (I know 2011 im young) but dude this app is a 10/10 i have maintained a 3.8 gpa and have plenty of time for gaming. I love it and my mom is just happy I got good grades

Brad T

Android user

Not only did it help me find the answer but it also showed me alternative ways to solve it. I was horrible in math and science but now I have an a in both subjects. Thanks for the help🤍🤍

David K

iOS user

The app's just great! All I have to do is enter the topic in the search bar and I get the response real fast. I don't have to watch 10 YouTube videos to understand something, so I'm saving my time. Highly recommended!

Sudenaz Ocak

Android user

In school I was really bad at maths but thanks to the app, I am doing better now. I am so grateful that you made the app.

Greenlight Bonnie

Android user

I found this app a couple years ago and it has only gotten better since then. I really love it because it can help with written questions and photo questions. Also, it can find study guides that other people have made as well as flashcard sets and practice tests. The free version is also amazing for students who might not be able to afford it. Would 100% recommend

Aubrey

iOS user

Best app if you're in Highschool or Junior high. I have been using this app for 2 school years and it's the best, it's good if you don't have anyone to help you with school work.😋🩷🎀

Marco B

iOS user

THE QUIZES AND FLASHCARDS ARE SO USEFUL AND I LOVE THE SCHOOLGPT. IT ALSO IS LITREALLY LIKE CHATGPT BUT SMARTER!! HELPED ME WITH MY MASCARA PROBLEMS TOO!! AS WELL AS MY REAL SUBJECTS ! DUHHH 😍😁😲🤑💗✨🎀😮

Elisha

iOS user

This app is phenomenal down to the correct info and the various topics you can study! I greatly recommend it for people who struggle with procrastination and those who need homework help. It has been perfectly accurate for world 1 history as far as I’ve seen! Geometry too!

Paul T

iOS user