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Criminology
Dec 5, 2025
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The 6 aims of punishmentin criminal justice are retribution, rehabilitation, deterrence, public protection, reparation, and incapacitation. These... Show more
This page delves into two primary aims of punishment retribution and rehabilitation.
Retribution is the concept of punishing offenders for their actions. It operates on the principle that the punishment should fit the crime, often using a tariff system with fixed sentences for specific offenses.
Example Increasing the sentence for grievous bodily harm from 5 to 7 years if it was racially motivated is an example of retribution expressing moral outrage.
Vocabulary Tariff system - A fixed scale of punishments corresponding to specific crimes.
Retribution is linked to Right Realism and functionalism theories but faces criticism for potentially denying offenders a second chance.
Rehabilitation, on the other hand, focuses on reforming offenders to prevent reoffending. It employs various programs such as education, training, anger management, and drug treatment.
Definition Rehabilitation in criminal justice refers to the process of helping offenders overcome the issues that led to their criminal behavior and successfully reintegrate into society.
Rehabilitation is supported by theories like Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) and Skinner's operant learning. However, it faces criticism from right realists who argue that such programs may not effectively prevent reoffending.
Highlight The contrast between retribution and rehabilitation highlights the ongoing debate in criminal justice between punitive measures and reformative approaches.
This page explores deterrence and public protection as aims of punishment in criminal justice.
Deterrence operates on two levels individual deterrence, aimed at preventing specific offenders from reoffending, and general deterrence, intended to discourage the entire society from committing crimes.
Example Tough sentencing for repeat offenders is an example of individual deterrence, while making an example of individual offenders serves as general deterrence.
Vocabulary General deterrence - The use of punishment as a threat to deter people from committing crime.
The effectiveness of deterrence is often debated, with critics pointing out high reoffending rates as evidence of its limitations.
Public protection, primarily through incapacitation, aims to safeguard society by removing offenders' opportunities to commit further crimes.
Definition Incapacitation in criminal justice refers to the restriction of an offender's ability to commit further crimes, typically through imprisonment or other forms of confinement.
Incapacitation policies range from imprisonment to more extreme measures like execution or chemical castration for certain offenders. While supported by biological theories and Right Realism, critics argue that incapacitation merely contains the problem without addressing the root causes of crime.
Highlight The balance between deterrence and public protection reflects the criminal justice system's dual focus on preventing future crimes and managing current offenders.
This page focuses on reparation as an aim of punishment in criminal justice.
Reparation involves offenders making amends for their crimes, either to the victim specifically or to society as a whole. It aims to address both material and social harm caused by criminal actions.
Definition Reparation in criminal justice refers to actions taken by offenders to repair the harm caused by their crimes, either through material compensation or social reconciliation.
Material reparation often involves financial compensation or unpaid work, such as Community Payback schemes. Social reparation, on the other hand, may involve restorative justice practices.
Example Restorative justice programs where offenders meet with victims to understand the impact of their actions and express remorse are examples of social reparation.
Reparation is supported by theories such as labelling theory and functionalism, which view it as a means of reintegrating offenders and restoring social order.
Highlight Reparation represents a shift towards a more rehabilitative and victim-centered approach in criminal justice, focusing on healing and restoration rather than purely punitive measures.
However, critics argue that reparation may not be suitable for all types of crimes, particularly violent or sexual offenses, and some contend that it may be too lenient on offenders.
Quote "Reparation may not work for violent/sexual crimes, and some argue this method lets offenders off lightly."
This debate underscores the ongoing challenge in criminal justice of balancing punishment, rehabilitation, and victim support.
This page introduces the concept of the aims of punishment in the criminal justice system. It sets the stage for a detailed discussion of the various purposes that punishment serves in society and within the legal framework.
Highlight The aims of punishment are crucial components of the criminal justice system, each serving a specific purpose in addressing crime and its consequences.
Our AI companion is specifically built for the needs of students. Based on the millions of content pieces we have on the platform we can provide truly meaningful and relevant answers to students. But its not only about answers, the companion is even more about guiding students through their daily learning challenges, with personalised study plans, quizzes or content pieces in the chat and 100% personalisation based on the students skills and developments.
You can download the app in the Google Play Store and in the Apple App Store.
That's right! Enjoy free access to study content, connect with fellow students, and get instant help – all at your fingertips.
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Transform this note into: ✓ 50+ Practice Questions ✓ Interactive Flashcards ✓ Full Mock Exam ✓ Essay Outlines
Explore key strategies for designing impactful campaign materials aimed at driving social change. This resource covers persuasive techniques, audience engagement, and the creation of various media types, including posters, leaflets, and social media content. Ideal for students in criminology and social justice, this guide emphasizes the importance of consistency, clarity, and emotional appeal in campaign messaging.
CriminologyExplore key concepts in dance choreography with this comprehensive workbook. Covering music selection, motif development, spatial elements, and choreographic devices, this resource is designed to enhance your understanding and skills in creating impactful dance performances. Ideal for National 5 Dance students.
DanceExplore the complete Katakana chart featuring all 46 essential Japanese letters. This resource provides a clear visual representation and pronunciation guide, perfect for beginners learning the Japanese writing system. Ideal for language students and enthusiasts.
OtherPractice quiz on languages of common (road) signs
Fun StuffExplore the essential roles within crime scene investigation, including Crime Scene Investigators, Forensic Scientists, Crime Scene Photographers, Evidence Collectors, and CSI Technicians. This summary provides insights into their responsibilities, techniques for evidence collection, and the importance of documentation in criminal investigations. Ideal for criminology and criminal justice students.
LawCovers types of intersections, markings, right-of-way, navigating the intersections, special signals, and hand signals
Fun StuffApp Store
Google Play
The app is very easy to use and well designed. I have found everything I was looking for so far and have been able to learn a lot from the presentations! I will definitely use the app for a class assignment! And of course it also helps a lot as an inspiration.
Stefan S
iOS user
This app is really great. There are so many study notes and help [...]. My problem subject is French, for example, and the app has so many options for help. Thanks to this app, I have improved my French. I would recommend it to anyone.
Samantha Klich
Android user
Wow, I am really amazed. I just tried the app because I've seen it advertised many times and was absolutely stunned. This app is THE HELP you want for school and above all, it offers so many things, such as workouts and fact sheets, which have been VERY helpful to me personally.
Anna
iOS user
I think it’s very much worth it and you’ll end up using it a lot once you get the hang of it and even after looking at others notes you can still ask your Artificial intelligence buddy the question and ask to simplify it if you still don’t get it!!! In the end I think it’s worth it 😊👍 ⚠️Also DID I MENTION ITS FREEE YOU DON’T HAVE TO PAY FOR ANYTHING AND STILL GET YOUR GRADES IN PERFECTLY❗️❗️⚠️
Thomas R
iOS user
Knowunity is the BEST app I’ve used in a minute. This is not an ai review or anything this is genuinely coming from a 7th grade student (I know 2011 im young) but dude this app is a 10/10 i have maintained a 3.8 gpa and have plenty of time for gaming. I love it and my mom is just happy I got good grades
Brad T
Android user
Not only did it help me find the answer but it also showed me alternative ways to solve it. I was horrible in math and science but now I have an a in both subjects. Thanks for the help🤍🤍
David K
iOS user
The app's just great! All I have to do is enter the topic in the search bar and I get the response real fast. I don't have to watch 10 YouTube videos to understand something, so I'm saving my time. Highly recommended!
Sudenaz Ocak
Android user
In school I was really bad at maths but thanks to the app, I am doing better now. I am so grateful that you made the app.
Greenlight Bonnie
Android user
I found this app a couple years ago and it has only gotten better since then. I really love it because it can help with written questions and photo questions. Also, it can find study guides that other people have made as well as flashcard sets and practice tests. The free version is also amazing for students who might not be able to afford it. Would 100% recommend
Aubrey
iOS user
Best app if you're in Highschool or Junior high. I have been using this app for 2 school years and it's the best, it's good if you don't have anyone to help you with school work.😋🩷🎀
Marco B
iOS user
THE QUIZES AND FLASHCARDS ARE SO USEFUL AND I LOVE THE SCHOOLGPT. IT ALSO IS LITREALLY LIKE CHATGPT BUT SMARTER!! HELPED ME WITH MY MASCARA PROBLEMS TOO!! AS WELL AS MY REAL SUBJECTS ! DUHHH 😍😁😲🤑💗✨🎀😮
Elisha
iOS user
This app is phenomenal down to the correct info and the various topics you can study! I greatly recommend it for people who struggle with procrastination and those who need homework help. It has been perfectly accurate for world 1 history as far as I’ve seen! Geometry too!
Paul T
iOS user
The app is very easy to use and well designed. I have found everything I was looking for so far and have been able to learn a lot from the presentations! I will definitely use the app for a class assignment! And of course it also helps a lot as an inspiration.
Stefan S
iOS user
This app is really great. There are so many study notes and help [...]. My problem subject is French, for example, and the app has so many options for help. Thanks to this app, I have improved my French. I would recommend it to anyone.
Samantha Klich
Android user
Wow, I am really amazed. I just tried the app because I've seen it advertised many times and was absolutely stunned. This app is THE HELP you want for school and above all, it offers so many things, such as workouts and fact sheets, which have been VERY helpful to me personally.
Anna
iOS user
I think it’s very much worth it and you’ll end up using it a lot once you get the hang of it and even after looking at others notes you can still ask your Artificial intelligence buddy the question and ask to simplify it if you still don’t get it!!! In the end I think it’s worth it 😊👍 ⚠️Also DID I MENTION ITS FREEE YOU DON’T HAVE TO PAY FOR ANYTHING AND STILL GET YOUR GRADES IN PERFECTLY❗️❗️⚠️
Thomas R
iOS user
Knowunity is the BEST app I’ve used in a minute. This is not an ai review or anything this is genuinely coming from a 7th grade student (I know 2011 im young) but dude this app is a 10/10 i have maintained a 3.8 gpa and have plenty of time for gaming. I love it and my mom is just happy I got good grades
Brad T
Android user
Not only did it help me find the answer but it also showed me alternative ways to solve it. I was horrible in math and science but now I have an a in both subjects. Thanks for the help🤍🤍
David K
iOS user
The app's just great! All I have to do is enter the topic in the search bar and I get the response real fast. I don't have to watch 10 YouTube videos to understand something, so I'm saving my time. Highly recommended!
Sudenaz Ocak
Android user
In school I was really bad at maths but thanks to the app, I am doing better now. I am so grateful that you made the app.
Greenlight Bonnie
Android user
I found this app a couple years ago and it has only gotten better since then. I really love it because it can help with written questions and photo questions. Also, it can find study guides that other people have made as well as flashcard sets and practice tests. The free version is also amazing for students who might not be able to afford it. Would 100% recommend
Aubrey
iOS user
Best app if you're in Highschool or Junior high. I have been using this app for 2 school years and it's the best, it's good if you don't have anyone to help you with school work.😋🩷🎀
Marco B
iOS user
THE QUIZES AND FLASHCARDS ARE SO USEFUL AND I LOVE THE SCHOOLGPT. IT ALSO IS LITREALLY LIKE CHATGPT BUT SMARTER!! HELPED ME WITH MY MASCARA PROBLEMS TOO!! AS WELL AS MY REAL SUBJECTS ! DUHHH 😍😁😲🤑💗✨🎀😮
Elisha
iOS user
This app is phenomenal down to the correct info and the various topics you can study! I greatly recommend it for people who struggle with procrastination and those who need homework help. It has been perfectly accurate for world 1 history as far as I’ve seen! Geometry too!
Paul T
iOS user
The 6 aims of punishmentin criminal justice are retribution, rehabilitation, deterrence, public protection, reparation, and incapacitation. These aims serve various purposes within the justice system, from punishing offenders to protecting society and reforming criminals. Each aim has its own... Show more
Access to all documents
Improve your grades
Join milions of students
By signing up you accept Terms of Service and Privacy Policy
This page delves into two primary aims of punishment: retribution and rehabilitation.
Retribution is the concept of punishing offenders for their actions. It operates on the principle that the punishment should fit the crime, often using a tariff system with fixed sentences for specific offenses.
Example: Increasing the sentence for grievous bodily harm from 5 to 7 years if it was racially motivated is an example of retribution expressing moral outrage.
Vocabulary: Tariff system - A fixed scale of punishments corresponding to specific crimes.
Retribution is linked to Right Realism and functionalism theories but faces criticism for potentially denying offenders a second chance.
Rehabilitation, on the other hand, focuses on reforming offenders to prevent reoffending. It employs various programs such as education, training, anger management, and drug treatment.
Definition: Rehabilitation in criminal justice refers to the process of helping offenders overcome the issues that led to their criminal behavior and successfully reintegrate into society.
Rehabilitation is supported by theories like Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) and Skinner's operant learning. However, it faces criticism from right realists who argue that such programs may not effectively prevent reoffending.
Highlight: The contrast between retribution and rehabilitation highlights the ongoing debate in criminal justice between punitive measures and reformative approaches.
Access to all documents
Improve your grades
Join milions of students
By signing up you accept Terms of Service and Privacy Policy
This page explores deterrence and public protection as aims of punishment in criminal justice.
Deterrence operates on two levels: individual deterrence, aimed at preventing specific offenders from reoffending, and general deterrence, intended to discourage the entire society from committing crimes.
Example: Tough sentencing for repeat offenders is an example of individual deterrence, while making an example of individual offenders serves as general deterrence.
Vocabulary: General deterrence - The use of punishment as a threat to deter people from committing crime.
The effectiveness of deterrence is often debated, with critics pointing out high reoffending rates as evidence of its limitations.
Public protection, primarily through incapacitation, aims to safeguard society by removing offenders' opportunities to commit further crimes.
Definition: Incapacitation in criminal justice refers to the restriction of an offender's ability to commit further crimes, typically through imprisonment or other forms of confinement.
Incapacitation policies range from imprisonment to more extreme measures like execution or chemical castration for certain offenders. While supported by biological theories and Right Realism, critics argue that incapacitation merely contains the problem without addressing the root causes of crime.
Highlight: The balance between deterrence and public protection reflects the criminal justice system's dual focus on preventing future crimes and managing current offenders.
Access to all documents
Improve your grades
Join milions of students
By signing up you accept Terms of Service and Privacy Policy
This page focuses on reparation as an aim of punishment in criminal justice.
Reparation involves offenders making amends for their crimes, either to the victim specifically or to society as a whole. It aims to address both material and social harm caused by criminal actions.
Definition: Reparation in criminal justice refers to actions taken by offenders to repair the harm caused by their crimes, either through material compensation or social reconciliation.
Material reparation often involves financial compensation or unpaid work, such as Community Payback schemes. Social reparation, on the other hand, may involve restorative justice practices.
Example: Restorative justice programs where offenders meet with victims to understand the impact of their actions and express remorse are examples of social reparation.
Reparation is supported by theories such as labelling theory and functionalism, which view it as a means of reintegrating offenders and restoring social order.
Highlight: Reparation represents a shift towards a more rehabilitative and victim-centered approach in criminal justice, focusing on healing and restoration rather than purely punitive measures.
However, critics argue that reparation may not be suitable for all types of crimes, particularly violent or sexual offenses, and some contend that it may be too lenient on offenders.
Quote: "Reparation may not work for violent/sexual crimes, and some argue this method lets offenders off lightly."
This debate underscores the ongoing challenge in criminal justice of balancing punishment, rehabilitation, and victim support.
Access to all documents
Improve your grades
Join milions of students
By signing up you accept Terms of Service and Privacy Policy
This page introduces the concept of the aims of punishment in the criminal justice system. It sets the stage for a detailed discussion of the various purposes that punishment serves in society and within the legal framework.
Highlight: The aims of punishment are crucial components of the criminal justice system, each serving a specific purpose in addressing crime and its consequences.
Our AI companion is specifically built for the needs of students. Based on the millions of content pieces we have on the platform we can provide truly meaningful and relevant answers to students. But its not only about answers, the companion is even more about guiding students through their daily learning challenges, with personalised study plans, quizzes or content pieces in the chat and 100% personalisation based on the students skills and developments.
You can download the app in the Google Play Store and in the Apple App Store.
That's right! Enjoy free access to study content, connect with fellow students, and get instant help – all at your fingertips.
50
Smart Tools NEW
Transform this note into: ✓ 50+ Practice Questions ✓ Interactive Flashcards ✓ Full Mock Exam ✓ Essay Outlines
Explore key strategies for designing impactful campaign materials aimed at driving social change. This resource covers persuasive techniques, audience engagement, and the creation of various media types, including posters, leaflets, and social media content. Ideal for students in criminology and social justice, this guide emphasizes the importance of consistency, clarity, and emotional appeal in campaign messaging.
CriminologyExplore key concepts in dance choreography with this comprehensive workbook. Covering music selection, motif development, spatial elements, and choreographic devices, this resource is designed to enhance your understanding and skills in creating impactful dance performances. Ideal for National 5 Dance students.
DanceExplore the complete Katakana chart featuring all 46 essential Japanese letters. This resource provides a clear visual representation and pronunciation guide, perfect for beginners learning the Japanese writing system. Ideal for language students and enthusiasts.
OtherPractice quiz on languages of common (road) signs
Fun StuffExplore the essential roles within crime scene investigation, including Crime Scene Investigators, Forensic Scientists, Crime Scene Photographers, Evidence Collectors, and CSI Technicians. This summary provides insights into their responsibilities, techniques for evidence collection, and the importance of documentation in criminal investigations. Ideal for criminology and criminal justice students.
LawCovers types of intersections, markings, right-of-way, navigating the intersections, special signals, and hand signals
Fun StuffApp Store
Google Play
The app is very easy to use and well designed. I have found everything I was looking for so far and have been able to learn a lot from the presentations! I will definitely use the app for a class assignment! And of course it also helps a lot as an inspiration.
Stefan S
iOS user
This app is really great. There are so many study notes and help [...]. My problem subject is French, for example, and the app has so many options for help. Thanks to this app, I have improved my French. I would recommend it to anyone.
Samantha Klich
Android user
Wow, I am really amazed. I just tried the app because I've seen it advertised many times and was absolutely stunned. This app is THE HELP you want for school and above all, it offers so many things, such as workouts and fact sheets, which have been VERY helpful to me personally.
Anna
iOS user
I think it’s very much worth it and you’ll end up using it a lot once you get the hang of it and even after looking at others notes you can still ask your Artificial intelligence buddy the question and ask to simplify it if you still don’t get it!!! In the end I think it’s worth it 😊👍 ⚠️Also DID I MENTION ITS FREEE YOU DON’T HAVE TO PAY FOR ANYTHING AND STILL GET YOUR GRADES IN PERFECTLY❗️❗️⚠️
Thomas R
iOS user
Knowunity is the BEST app I’ve used in a minute. This is not an ai review or anything this is genuinely coming from a 7th grade student (I know 2011 im young) but dude this app is a 10/10 i have maintained a 3.8 gpa and have plenty of time for gaming. I love it and my mom is just happy I got good grades
Brad T
Android user
Not only did it help me find the answer but it also showed me alternative ways to solve it. I was horrible in math and science but now I have an a in both subjects. Thanks for the help🤍🤍
David K
iOS user
The app's just great! All I have to do is enter the topic in the search bar and I get the response real fast. I don't have to watch 10 YouTube videos to understand something, so I'm saving my time. Highly recommended!
Sudenaz Ocak
Android user
In school I was really bad at maths but thanks to the app, I am doing better now. I am so grateful that you made the app.
Greenlight Bonnie
Android user
I found this app a couple years ago and it has only gotten better since then. I really love it because it can help with written questions and photo questions. Also, it can find study guides that other people have made as well as flashcard sets and practice tests. The free version is also amazing for students who might not be able to afford it. Would 100% recommend
Aubrey
iOS user
Best app if you're in Highschool or Junior high. I have been using this app for 2 school years and it's the best, it's good if you don't have anyone to help you with school work.😋🩷🎀
Marco B
iOS user
THE QUIZES AND FLASHCARDS ARE SO USEFUL AND I LOVE THE SCHOOLGPT. IT ALSO IS LITREALLY LIKE CHATGPT BUT SMARTER!! HELPED ME WITH MY MASCARA PROBLEMS TOO!! AS WELL AS MY REAL SUBJECTS ! DUHHH 😍😁😲🤑💗✨🎀😮
Elisha
iOS user
This app is phenomenal down to the correct info and the various topics you can study! I greatly recommend it for people who struggle with procrastination and those who need homework help. It has been perfectly accurate for world 1 history as far as I’ve seen! Geometry too!
Paul T
iOS user
The app is very easy to use and well designed. I have found everything I was looking for so far and have been able to learn a lot from the presentations! I will definitely use the app for a class assignment! And of course it also helps a lot as an inspiration.
Stefan S
iOS user
This app is really great. There are so many study notes and help [...]. My problem subject is French, for example, and the app has so many options for help. Thanks to this app, I have improved my French. I would recommend it to anyone.
Samantha Klich
Android user
Wow, I am really amazed. I just tried the app because I've seen it advertised many times and was absolutely stunned. This app is THE HELP you want for school and above all, it offers so many things, such as workouts and fact sheets, which have been VERY helpful to me personally.
Anna
iOS user
I think it’s very much worth it and you’ll end up using it a lot once you get the hang of it and even after looking at others notes you can still ask your Artificial intelligence buddy the question and ask to simplify it if you still don’t get it!!! In the end I think it’s worth it 😊👍 ⚠️Also DID I MENTION ITS FREEE YOU DON’T HAVE TO PAY FOR ANYTHING AND STILL GET YOUR GRADES IN PERFECTLY❗️❗️⚠️
Thomas R
iOS user
Knowunity is the BEST app I’ve used in a minute. This is not an ai review or anything this is genuinely coming from a 7th grade student (I know 2011 im young) but dude this app is a 10/10 i have maintained a 3.8 gpa and have plenty of time for gaming. I love it and my mom is just happy I got good grades
Brad T
Android user
Not only did it help me find the answer but it also showed me alternative ways to solve it. I was horrible in math and science but now I have an a in both subjects. Thanks for the help🤍🤍
David K
iOS user
The app's just great! All I have to do is enter the topic in the search bar and I get the response real fast. I don't have to watch 10 YouTube videos to understand something, so I'm saving my time. Highly recommended!
Sudenaz Ocak
Android user
In school I was really bad at maths but thanks to the app, I am doing better now. I am so grateful that you made the app.
Greenlight Bonnie
Android user
I found this app a couple years ago and it has only gotten better since then. I really love it because it can help with written questions and photo questions. Also, it can find study guides that other people have made as well as flashcard sets and practice tests. The free version is also amazing for students who might not be able to afford it. Would 100% recommend
Aubrey
iOS user
Best app if you're in Highschool or Junior high. I have been using this app for 2 school years and it's the best, it's good if you don't have anyone to help you with school work.😋🩷🎀
Marco B
iOS user
THE QUIZES AND FLASHCARDS ARE SO USEFUL AND I LOVE THE SCHOOLGPT. IT ALSO IS LITREALLY LIKE CHATGPT BUT SMARTER!! HELPED ME WITH MY MASCARA PROBLEMS TOO!! AS WELL AS MY REAL SUBJECTS ! DUHHH 😍😁😲🤑💗✨🎀😮
Elisha
iOS user
This app is phenomenal down to the correct info and the various topics you can study! I greatly recommend it for people who struggle with procrastination and those who need homework help. It has been perfectly accurate for world 1 history as far as I’ve seen! Geometry too!
Paul T
iOS user
