Psychodynamic Theories and Criminal Behavior
Sigmund Freud's psychodynamic explanations of offending behaviour center on the idea that all behavior results from our unconscious mind. Our unconscious is filled with memories, instincts, and desires that cause anxiety and shame, so they have been repressed. However, these repressed elements still shape our behavior.
Quote: "All behaviour is a result of our unconscious mind."
The tripartite theory of personality suggests that our personality comprises three parts that conflict with each other:
- Id: primitive and instinctive part
- Ego: mediates between id and superego
- Superego: develops through socialization
Vocabulary: Deviant superego criminology refers to a malfunctioning superego that fails to prevent criminal behavior.
The strength of each part may affect our likelihood of committing crimes. A weak superego cannot restrain the id's impulses, leading to potential criminal behavior. The superego's role is to punish the ego with guilt and shame when an immoral act is contemplated or carried out.
Example: An individual with a weak superego might engage in theft without feeling remorse or guilt.
When a person has a weak superego, they lack the ability to feel guilt and stop their behavior. This means the person is dominated by their id impulses, which can lead to criminality. As a result, the individual will not feel shame or guilt for their criminal acts.
Highlight: The balance between id, ego, and superego is crucial in determining an individual's propensity for criminal behavior according to psychodynamic theory.
