Deterrence and Control Theory

This page explores deterrence as a form of social control and introduces control theory in criminology.

Deterrence uses the threat of punishment to prevent crime and has two key assumptions:

1. Individual deterrence: Punishment deters offenders from committing future crimes
2. General deterrence: Fear of punishment prevents others from committing similar crimes

Example: "Getting tough on crime" policies like mandatory minimum sentences aim to deter criminal behavior.

Control theory in criminology, developed by Travis Hirschi, examines why people follow the law. It proposes that people conform due to their bonds with society, which include:

• Attachment: Caring about others' opinions • Commitment: Investment in a law-abiding life • Involvement: Participation in legal activities • Belief: Socialization to follow norms

Highlight: Strong social bonds make individuals less likely to engage in criminal behavior.

Example: Youth clubs keep young people busy with legal activities, strengthening their bonds to society.

Internal Forms of Social Control

This page introduces the concept of internal forms of social control in criminology. Internal controls come from within an individual and shape behavior through personality, morals, and values.

The superego, proposed by Sigmund Freud, plays a crucial role in internal social control. It represents internalized ideals and provides standards for judgment and aspirations.

Definition: The superego is part of our personality that acts as the "angel on the shoulder," developing as we grow and keeping the id and ego in check.

Example: Without the superego, behavior would be erratic and compulsive, acting on every thought.

Rational ideology is another form of internal control, guiding behavior through conscience and feelings of guilt or anxiety.

Highlight: Internalization of norms and morals through socialization helps individuals conform to societal expectations.

Tradition and culture also contribute to internal control by teaching family and societal norms.

Example: The belief that Santa won't bring presents to misbehaving children is a form of internal control through socialization.