Exponents and Square Roots

When a number is squared, it means you multiply it by itself once. For example, 5² equals 5 × 5 = 25. A perfect square is simply the result of multiplying a number by itself, like 1, 4, 9, and 16.

In exponents, the small number (the power or exponent) tells you how many times to multiply the base by itself. If the exponent is 2, we call it "squared," and if it's 3, we call it "cubed." For instance, 6³ means 6 × 6 × 6 = 216.

Square roots are the opposite of squaring - they tell you the length of one side of a square with a given area. The radical symbol (√) represents square roots. Only perfect squares have whole number square roots $like √16 = 4$, while other numbers have decimal square roots.

Pro Tip: When estimating square roots, place the number between two perfect squares on a number line, then make an educated guess. Always check your answer by multiplying it by itself!