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Unit 4: Sensation and Perception
404
•
Nov 17, 2023
•
Molly Beittel
@mollybeittel_zugw
Sensation and Perception in Psychology: Key Principles and Processes
This... Show more
This page delves deeper into the concept of selective attention and its implications for our perception of the world around us.
Definition: Selective attention is the focusing of conscious awareness on a particular stimulus.
The page discusses how selective attention can lead to various perceptual phenomena:
Example: In a famous experiment, people watching a video focused on passing a ball often missed a person in a gorilla suit walking through the scene, demonstrating inattentional blindness.
The text also explores how magicians utilize these principles to create illusions and how selective attention can have real-world consequences, such as accidents caused by texting while driving.
Highlight: Brain activity in areas vital to driving decreases when attention is diverted to texting.
The page concludes by noting that our ability to focus attention on specific parts of our environment is a byproduct of our cognitive strengths, even though it can sometimes lead to perceptual errors.
This page introduces the concept of sensory transduction and the field of psychophysics, which studies the relationship between physical stimuli and our psychological experiences.
Definition: Transduction is the conversion of one form of energy to another. In sensation, it refers to the transformation of stimulus energies into neural impulses that our brain can interpret.
The page outlines the three basic steps common to all sensory systems:
Definition: Psychophysics is the study of relationships between the physical characteristics of stimuli, such as their intensity, and our psychological experience of them.
The text then introduces the concept of thresholds in sensory perception:
Definition: The absolute threshold is the minimum stimulation needed to detect a particular stimulus 50 percent of the time.
The page also mentions signal detection theory, which predicts how and when we detect faint stimuli amid background noise.
Highlight: Signal detection theory assumes that there is no single absolute threshold and that detection depends partly on a person's experience, expectations, motivation, and alertness.
This page continues the discussion of sensory thresholds and introduces the concept of subliminal perception.
Definition: A difference threshold is the minimum difference between two stimuli required for detection 50% of the time, also known as a just noticeable difference .
The page explains Weber's law, which states that the difference threshold increases proportionally with the size of the stimulus.
Definition: Weber's law is the principle that, to be perceived as different, two stimuli must differ by a constant minimum percentage rather than a constant amount.
The text then explores the concept of subliminal perception:
Definition: Subliminal refers to stimuli that are below one's absolute threshold for conscious awareness.
Example: In experiments, flashing positive or negative images subliminally before showing a neutral picture can influence people's perception of the neutral image, making it seem happier or more negative.
The page discusses how subliminal stimuli can affect our perceptions and behaviors:
Definition: Priming is the activation, often unconsciously, of certain associations, thus predisposing one's perception, memory, or response.
Highlight: Much of our information processing occurs automatically, out of sight, off the radar screen of our conscious mind.
The text concludes by noting that while subliminal stimuli can be detected by brain scanning, their effects on behavior are typically subtle and limited.
This page introduces the fundamental concepts of sensation and perception in psychology. It explores the processes by which we receive and interpret sensory information from our environment.
Definition: Sensation is the process by which our sensory receptors and nervous system receive and represent stimulus energies from our environment.
Definition: Perception is the process of organizing and interpreting sensory information, enabling us to recognize meaningful objects and events.
The page also introduces two key information processing approaches:
Example: Top-down processing helps us interpret what our senses detect, such as recognizing a face in a complex visual scene.
The concept of selective attention is introduced, highlighting our limited capacity to consciously process information.
Highlight: Our five senses take in approximately 11 million bits of information per second, but we consciously process only about 40 bits.
Example: The "cocktail party effect" demonstrates selective attention, where we can focus on one voice among many while still detecting our name in unattended conversations.
Our AI companion is specifically built for the needs of students. Based on the millions of content pieces we have on the platform we can provide truly meaningful and relevant answers to students. But its not only about answers, the companion is even more about guiding students through their daily learning challenges, with personalised study plans, quizzes or content pieces in the chat and 100% personalisation based on the students skills and developments.
You can download the app in the Google Play Store and in the Apple App Store.
You have the choice, we offer a 100% secure payment via PayPal or an Amazon gift card. There is no limit to how much you can earn.
App Store
Google Play
The app is very easy to use and well designed. I have found everything I was looking for so far and have been able to learn a lot from the presentations! I will definitely use the app for a class assignment! And of course it also helps a lot as an inspiration.
Stefan S
iOS user
This app is really great. There are so many study notes and help [...]. My problem subject is French, for example, and the app has so many options for help. Thanks to this app, I have improved my French. I would recommend it to anyone.
Samantha Klich
Android user
Wow, I am really amazed. I just tried the app because I've seen it advertised many times and was absolutely stunned. This app is THE HELP you want for school and above all, it offers so many things, such as workouts and fact sheets, which have been VERY helpful to me personally.
Anna
iOS user
I think it’s very much worth it and you’ll end up using it a lot once you get the hang of it and even after looking at others notes you can still ask your Artificial intelligence buddy the question and ask to simplify it if you still don’t get it!!! In the end I think it’s worth it 😊👍 ⚠️Also DID I MENTION ITS FREEE YOU DON’T HAVE TO PAY FOR ANYTHING AND STILL GET YOUR GRADES IN PERFECTLY❗️❗️⚠️
Thomas R
iOS user
Knowunity is the BEST app I’ve used in a minute. This is not an ai review or anything this is genuinely coming from a 7th grade student (I know 2011 im young) but dude this app is a 10/10 i have maintained a 3.8 gpa and have plenty of time for gaming. I love it and my mom is just happy I got good grades
Brad T
Android user
Not only did it help me find the answer but it also showed me alternative ways to solve it. I was horrible in math and science but now I have an a in both subjects. Thanks for the help🤍🤍
David K
iOS user
The app's just great! All I have to do is enter the topic in the search bar and I get the response real fast. I don't have to watch 10 YouTube videos to understand something, so I'm saving my time. Highly recommended!
Sudenaz Ocak
Android user
In school I was really bad at maths but thanks to the app, I am doing better now. I am so grateful that you made the app.
Greenlight Bonnie
Android user
I found this app a couple years ago and it has only gotten better since then. I really love it because it can help with written questions and photo questions. Also, it can find study guides that other people have made as well as flashcard sets and practice tests. The free version is also amazing for students who might not be able to afford it. Would 100% recommend
Aubrey
iOS user
Best app if you're in Highschool or Junior high. I have been using this app for 2 school years and it's the best, it's good if you don't have anyone to help you with school work.😋🩷🎀
Marco B
iOS user
THE QUIZES AND FLASHCARDS ARE SO USEFUL AND I LOVE THE SCHOOLGPT. IT ALSO IS LITREALLY LIKE CHATGPT BUT SMARTER!! HELPED ME WITH MY MASCARA PROBLEMS TOO!! AS WELL AS MY REAL SUBJECTS ! DUHHH 😍😁😲🤑💗✨🎀😮
Elisha
iOS user
This app is phenomenal down to the correct info and the various topics you can study! I greatly recommend it for people who struggle with procrastination and those who need homework help. It has been perfectly accurate for world 1 history as far as I’ve seen! Geometry too!
Paul T
iOS user
The app is very easy to use and well designed. I have found everything I was looking for so far and have been able to learn a lot from the presentations! I will definitely use the app for a class assignment! And of course it also helps a lot as an inspiration.
Stefan S
iOS user
This app is really great. There are so many study notes and help [...]. My problem subject is French, for example, and the app has so many options for help. Thanks to this app, I have improved my French. I would recommend it to anyone.
Samantha Klich
Android user
Wow, I am really amazed. I just tried the app because I've seen it advertised many times and was absolutely stunned. This app is THE HELP you want for school and above all, it offers so many things, such as workouts and fact sheets, which have been VERY helpful to me personally.
Anna
iOS user
I think it’s very much worth it and you’ll end up using it a lot once you get the hang of it and even after looking at others notes you can still ask your Artificial intelligence buddy the question and ask to simplify it if you still don’t get it!!! In the end I think it’s worth it 😊👍 ⚠️Also DID I MENTION ITS FREEE YOU DON’T HAVE TO PAY FOR ANYTHING AND STILL GET YOUR GRADES IN PERFECTLY❗️❗️⚠️
Thomas R
iOS user
Knowunity is the BEST app I’ve used in a minute. This is not an ai review or anything this is genuinely coming from a 7th grade student (I know 2011 im young) but dude this app is a 10/10 i have maintained a 3.8 gpa and have plenty of time for gaming. I love it and my mom is just happy I got good grades
Brad T
Android user
Not only did it help me find the answer but it also showed me alternative ways to solve it. I was horrible in math and science but now I have an a in both subjects. Thanks for the help🤍🤍
David K
iOS user
The app's just great! All I have to do is enter the topic in the search bar and I get the response real fast. I don't have to watch 10 YouTube videos to understand something, so I'm saving my time. Highly recommended!
Sudenaz Ocak
Android user
In school I was really bad at maths but thanks to the app, I am doing better now. I am so grateful that you made the app.
Greenlight Bonnie
Android user
I found this app a couple years ago and it has only gotten better since then. I really love it because it can help with written questions and photo questions. Also, it can find study guides that other people have made as well as flashcard sets and practice tests. The free version is also amazing for students who might not be able to afford it. Would 100% recommend
Aubrey
iOS user
Best app if you're in Highschool or Junior high. I have been using this app for 2 school years and it's the best, it's good if you don't have anyone to help you with school work.😋🩷🎀
Marco B
iOS user
THE QUIZES AND FLASHCARDS ARE SO USEFUL AND I LOVE THE SCHOOLGPT. IT ALSO IS LITREALLY LIKE CHATGPT BUT SMARTER!! HELPED ME WITH MY MASCARA PROBLEMS TOO!! AS WELL AS MY REAL SUBJECTS ! DUHHH 😍😁😲🤑💗✨🎀😮
Elisha
iOS user
This app is phenomenal down to the correct info and the various topics you can study! I greatly recommend it for people who struggle with procrastination and those who need homework help. It has been perfectly accurate for world 1 history as far as I’ve seen! Geometry too!
Paul T
iOS user
Molly Beittel
@mollybeittel_zugw
Sensation and Perception in Psychology: Key Principles and Processes
This document explores the fundamental concepts of sensation and perception in psychology, covering:
Access to all documents
Improve your grades
Join milions of students
By signing up you accept Terms of Service and Privacy Policy
This page delves deeper into the concept of selective attention and its implications for our perception of the world around us.
Definition: Selective attention is the focusing of conscious awareness on a particular stimulus.
The page discusses how selective attention can lead to various perceptual phenomena:
Example: In a famous experiment, people watching a video focused on passing a ball often missed a person in a gorilla suit walking through the scene, demonstrating inattentional blindness.
The text also explores how magicians utilize these principles to create illusions and how selective attention can have real-world consequences, such as accidents caused by texting while driving.
Highlight: Brain activity in areas vital to driving decreases when attention is diverted to texting.
The page concludes by noting that our ability to focus attention on specific parts of our environment is a byproduct of our cognitive strengths, even though it can sometimes lead to perceptual errors.
Access to all documents
Improve your grades
Join milions of students
By signing up you accept Terms of Service and Privacy Policy
This page introduces the concept of sensory transduction and the field of psychophysics, which studies the relationship between physical stimuli and our psychological experiences.
Definition: Transduction is the conversion of one form of energy to another. In sensation, it refers to the transformation of stimulus energies into neural impulses that our brain can interpret.
The page outlines the three basic steps common to all sensory systems:
Definition: Psychophysics is the study of relationships between the physical characteristics of stimuli, such as their intensity, and our psychological experience of them.
The text then introduces the concept of thresholds in sensory perception:
Definition: The absolute threshold is the minimum stimulation needed to detect a particular stimulus 50 percent of the time.
The page also mentions signal detection theory, which predicts how and when we detect faint stimuli amid background noise.
Highlight: Signal detection theory assumes that there is no single absolute threshold and that detection depends partly on a person's experience, expectations, motivation, and alertness.
Access to all documents
Improve your grades
Join milions of students
By signing up you accept Terms of Service and Privacy Policy
This page continues the discussion of sensory thresholds and introduces the concept of subliminal perception.
Definition: A difference threshold is the minimum difference between two stimuli required for detection 50% of the time, also known as a just noticeable difference .
The page explains Weber's law, which states that the difference threshold increases proportionally with the size of the stimulus.
Definition: Weber's law is the principle that, to be perceived as different, two stimuli must differ by a constant minimum percentage rather than a constant amount.
The text then explores the concept of subliminal perception:
Definition: Subliminal refers to stimuli that are below one's absolute threshold for conscious awareness.
Example: In experiments, flashing positive or negative images subliminally before showing a neutral picture can influence people's perception of the neutral image, making it seem happier or more negative.
The page discusses how subliminal stimuli can affect our perceptions and behaviors:
Definition: Priming is the activation, often unconsciously, of certain associations, thus predisposing one's perception, memory, or response.
Highlight: Much of our information processing occurs automatically, out of sight, off the radar screen of our conscious mind.
The text concludes by noting that while subliminal stimuli can be detected by brain scanning, their effects on behavior are typically subtle and limited.
Access to all documents
Improve your grades
Join milions of students
By signing up you accept Terms of Service and Privacy Policy
This page introduces the fundamental concepts of sensation and perception in psychology. It explores the processes by which we receive and interpret sensory information from our environment.
Definition: Sensation is the process by which our sensory receptors and nervous system receive and represent stimulus energies from our environment.
Definition: Perception is the process of organizing and interpreting sensory information, enabling us to recognize meaningful objects and events.
The page also introduces two key information processing approaches:
Example: Top-down processing helps us interpret what our senses detect, such as recognizing a face in a complex visual scene.
The concept of selective attention is introduced, highlighting our limited capacity to consciously process information.
Highlight: Our five senses take in approximately 11 million bits of information per second, but we consciously process only about 40 bits.
Example: The "cocktail party effect" demonstrates selective attention, where we can focus on one voice among many while still detecting our name in unattended conversations.
Access to all documents
Improve your grades
Join milions of students
By signing up you accept Terms of Service and Privacy Policy
Access to all documents
Improve your grades
Join milions of students
By signing up you accept Terms of Service and Privacy Policy
Access to all documents
Improve your grades
Join milions of students
By signing up you accept Terms of Service and Privacy Policy
Access to all documents
Improve your grades
Join milions of students
By signing up you accept Terms of Service and Privacy Policy
Access to all documents
Improve your grades
Join milions of students
By signing up you accept Terms of Service and Privacy Policy
Access to all documents
Improve your grades
Join milions of students
By signing up you accept Terms of Service and Privacy Policy
Our AI companion is specifically built for the needs of students. Based on the millions of content pieces we have on the platform we can provide truly meaningful and relevant answers to students. But its not only about answers, the companion is even more about guiding students through their daily learning challenges, with personalised study plans, quizzes or content pieces in the chat and 100% personalisation based on the students skills and developments.
You can download the app in the Google Play Store and in the Apple App Store.
You have the choice, we offer a 100% secure payment via PayPal or an Amazon gift card. There is no limit to how much you can earn.
App Store
Google Play
The app is very easy to use and well designed. I have found everything I was looking for so far and have been able to learn a lot from the presentations! I will definitely use the app for a class assignment! And of course it also helps a lot as an inspiration.
Stefan S
iOS user
This app is really great. There are so many study notes and help [...]. My problem subject is French, for example, and the app has so many options for help. Thanks to this app, I have improved my French. I would recommend it to anyone.
Samantha Klich
Android user
Wow, I am really amazed. I just tried the app because I've seen it advertised many times and was absolutely stunned. This app is THE HELP you want for school and above all, it offers so many things, such as workouts and fact sheets, which have been VERY helpful to me personally.
Anna
iOS user
I think it’s very much worth it and you’ll end up using it a lot once you get the hang of it and even after looking at others notes you can still ask your Artificial intelligence buddy the question and ask to simplify it if you still don’t get it!!! In the end I think it’s worth it 😊👍 ⚠️Also DID I MENTION ITS FREEE YOU DON’T HAVE TO PAY FOR ANYTHING AND STILL GET YOUR GRADES IN PERFECTLY❗️❗️⚠️
Thomas R
iOS user
Knowunity is the BEST app I’ve used in a minute. This is not an ai review or anything this is genuinely coming from a 7th grade student (I know 2011 im young) but dude this app is a 10/10 i have maintained a 3.8 gpa and have plenty of time for gaming. I love it and my mom is just happy I got good grades
Brad T
Android user
Not only did it help me find the answer but it also showed me alternative ways to solve it. I was horrible in math and science but now I have an a in both subjects. Thanks for the help🤍🤍
David K
iOS user
The app's just great! All I have to do is enter the topic in the search bar and I get the response real fast. I don't have to watch 10 YouTube videos to understand something, so I'm saving my time. Highly recommended!
Sudenaz Ocak
Android user
In school I was really bad at maths but thanks to the app, I am doing better now. I am so grateful that you made the app.
Greenlight Bonnie
Android user
I found this app a couple years ago and it has only gotten better since then. I really love it because it can help with written questions and photo questions. Also, it can find study guides that other people have made as well as flashcard sets and practice tests. The free version is also amazing for students who might not be able to afford it. Would 100% recommend
Aubrey
iOS user
Best app if you're in Highschool or Junior high. I have been using this app for 2 school years and it's the best, it's good if you don't have anyone to help you with school work.😋🩷🎀
Marco B
iOS user
THE QUIZES AND FLASHCARDS ARE SO USEFUL AND I LOVE THE SCHOOLGPT. IT ALSO IS LITREALLY LIKE CHATGPT BUT SMARTER!! HELPED ME WITH MY MASCARA PROBLEMS TOO!! AS WELL AS MY REAL SUBJECTS ! DUHHH 😍😁😲🤑💗✨🎀😮
Elisha
iOS user
This app is phenomenal down to the correct info and the various topics you can study! I greatly recommend it for people who struggle with procrastination and those who need homework help. It has been perfectly accurate for world 1 history as far as I’ve seen! Geometry too!
Paul T
iOS user
The app is very easy to use and well designed. I have found everything I was looking for so far and have been able to learn a lot from the presentations! I will definitely use the app for a class assignment! And of course it also helps a lot as an inspiration.
Stefan S
iOS user
This app is really great. There are so many study notes and help [...]. My problem subject is French, for example, and the app has so many options for help. Thanks to this app, I have improved my French. I would recommend it to anyone.
Samantha Klich
Android user
Wow, I am really amazed. I just tried the app because I've seen it advertised many times and was absolutely stunned. This app is THE HELP you want for school and above all, it offers so many things, such as workouts and fact sheets, which have been VERY helpful to me personally.
Anna
iOS user
I think it’s very much worth it and you’ll end up using it a lot once you get the hang of it and even after looking at others notes you can still ask your Artificial intelligence buddy the question and ask to simplify it if you still don’t get it!!! In the end I think it’s worth it 😊👍 ⚠️Also DID I MENTION ITS FREEE YOU DON’T HAVE TO PAY FOR ANYTHING AND STILL GET YOUR GRADES IN PERFECTLY❗️❗️⚠️
Thomas R
iOS user
Knowunity is the BEST app I’ve used in a minute. This is not an ai review or anything this is genuinely coming from a 7th grade student (I know 2011 im young) but dude this app is a 10/10 i have maintained a 3.8 gpa and have plenty of time for gaming. I love it and my mom is just happy I got good grades
Brad T
Android user
Not only did it help me find the answer but it also showed me alternative ways to solve it. I was horrible in math and science but now I have an a in both subjects. Thanks for the help🤍🤍
David K
iOS user
The app's just great! All I have to do is enter the topic in the search bar and I get the response real fast. I don't have to watch 10 YouTube videos to understand something, so I'm saving my time. Highly recommended!
Sudenaz Ocak
Android user
In school I was really bad at maths but thanks to the app, I am doing better now. I am so grateful that you made the app.
Greenlight Bonnie
Android user
I found this app a couple years ago and it has only gotten better since then. I really love it because it can help with written questions and photo questions. Also, it can find study guides that other people have made as well as flashcard sets and practice tests. The free version is also amazing for students who might not be able to afford it. Would 100% recommend
Aubrey
iOS user
Best app if you're in Highschool or Junior high. I have been using this app for 2 school years and it's the best, it's good if you don't have anyone to help you with school work.😋🩷🎀
Marco B
iOS user
THE QUIZES AND FLASHCARDS ARE SO USEFUL AND I LOVE THE SCHOOLGPT. IT ALSO IS LITREALLY LIKE CHATGPT BUT SMARTER!! HELPED ME WITH MY MASCARA PROBLEMS TOO!! AS WELL AS MY REAL SUBJECTS ! DUHHH 😍😁😲🤑💗✨🎀😮
Elisha
iOS user
This app is phenomenal down to the correct info and the various topics you can study! I greatly recommend it for people who struggle with procrastination and those who need homework help. It has been perfectly accurate for world 1 history as far as I’ve seen! Geometry too!
Paul T
iOS user
