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Jan 22, 2023
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Working Memory Model: AO1, AO3, and Baddeley & Hitch's Cool Experiments
Demetra
@demetra_21
Evaluation of the Working Memory Model
Strengths of the Working Memory Model
The Working Memory Model has several strengths that contribute to its validity and usefulness in understanding memory processes:
- Research support from dual-task studies: Experiments have shown that participants perform better when using different components of the WMM simultaneously.
Example: The Baddeley and Hitch dual task experiment demonstrated that performance was impaired when both tasks used the phonological loop, but improved when one task used the phonological loop and the other the visuospatial sketchpad.
- Plausibility: The WMM is considered more plausible than the Multi-Store Model as it explains short-term memory in terms of both temporary storage and active processing.
- Case study support: Patient studies, such as that of Patient KF, have provided evidence for the model's components.
- Neuroimaging evidence: PET scans have shown that different areas of the brain are active while completing visual and verbal tasks, supporting the idea of separate components for different types of information.
Weaknesses of the Working Memory Model
Despite its strengths, the Working Memory Model also has some limitations:
- Limited scope: The model is primarily concerned with short-term memory and doesn't fully explain the transfer of information to long-term memory.
Highlight: A weakness of the Working Memory Model is its focus on short-term memory processes, leaving gaps in our understanding of long-term memory interactions.
- Lack of research on the Central Executive: There is limited research investigating how the Central Executive works, making it difficult to use this component to explain experimental results.
- Criticism of the visuospatial sketchpad: Lieberman pointed out that blind people have spatial memory despite never having had visual information, challenging the visual aspect of this component.
Quote: "Blind people have spatial memory though never having had any visual information." - Lieberman
In conclusion, the Working Memory Model evaluation reveals both strengths and weaknesses. While it provides a more comprehensive explanation of short-term memory processes than previous models, there are still areas that require further research and clarification.
Working Memory Model: Components and Evaluation
The Working Memory Model , developed by Baddeley and Hitch in 1974, revolutionized our understanding of short-term memory. This model challenges the Multi-Store model by proposing multiple components of short-term memory instead of a single unitary store.
Components of the Working Memory Model
Central Executive
The central executive serves as the supervisory system for the overall control and running of the memory system. It has the following characteristics:
- Controls attentional mechanisms
- Has limited capacity
- Involved in problem-solving and decision-making
- Monitors and coordinates the operation of the two slave systems
Definition: The central executive is the component responsible for overseeing and managing the other components of working memory.
Phonological Loop
The phonological loop is one of the slave systems and is responsible for processing speech-based information. It consists of two subcomponents:
- Phonological store: Stores acoustic items for a short period
- Articulatory control system: Allows for subvocal rehearsal/repetition
Highlight: The phonological loop is crucial for language acquisition and has a limited capacity.
Visuospatial Sketchpad
The visuospatial sketchpad is responsible for storing and manipulating visual and spatial information. It has two subcomponents:
- Inner scribe: Deals with spatial relationships between objects
- Visual cache: Stores visual information like form, shape, and color
Example: The visuospatial sketchpad allows us to visualize shapes in our "mind's eye" and remember the appearance of objects.
Episodic Buffer
Added by Baddeley in 2000, the episodic buffer is a temporary store that integrates information from other components. It acts as a "backup" store, communicating with both long-term memory and the components of WMM.
Vocabulary: The episodic buffer serves as an interface between the other components of working memory and long-term memory.
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4.9/5
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Google Play
The app is very easy to use and well designed. I have found everything I was looking for so far and have been able to learn a lot from the presentations! I will definitely use the app for a class assignment! And of course it also helps a lot as an inspiration.
Stefan S
iOS user
This app is really great. There are so many study notes and help [...]. My problem subject is French, for example, and the app has so many options for help. Thanks to this app, I have improved my French. I would recommend it to anyone.
Samantha Klich
Android user
Wow, I am really amazed. I just tried the app because I've seen it advertised many times and was absolutely stunned. This app is THE HELP you want for school and above all, it offers so many things, such as workouts and fact sheets, which have been VERY helpful to me personally.
Anna
iOS user
I think it’s very much worth it and you’ll end up using it a lot once you get the hang of it and even after looking at others notes you can still ask your Artificial intelligence buddy the question and ask to simplify it if you still don’t get it!!! In the end I think it’s worth it 😊👍 ⚠️Also DID I MENTION ITS FREEE YOU DON’T HAVE TO PAY FOR ANYTHING AND STILL GET YOUR GRADES IN PERFECTLY❗️❗️⚠️
Thomas R
iOS user
Knowunity is the BEST app I’ve used in a minute. This is not an ai review or anything this is genuinely coming from a 7th grade student (I know 2011 im young) but dude this app is a 10/10 i have maintained a 3.8 gpa and have plenty of time for gaming. I love it and my mom is just happy I got good grades
Brad T
Android user
Not only did it help me find the answer but it also showed me alternative ways to solve it. I was horrible in math and science but now I have an a in both subjects. Thanks for the help🤍🤍
David K
iOS user
The app's just great! All I have to do is enter the topic in the search bar and I get the response real fast. I don't have to watch 10 YouTube videos to understand something, so I'm saving my time. Highly recommended!
Sudenaz Ocak
Android user
In school I was really bad at maths but thanks to the app, I am doing better now. I am so grateful that you made the app.
Greenlight Bonnie
Android user
I found this app a couple years ago and it has only gotten better since then. I really love it because it can help with written questions and photo questions. Also, it can find study guides that other people have made as well as flashcard sets and practice tests. The free version is also amazing for students who might not be able to afford it. Would 100% recommend
Aubrey
iOS user
Best app if you're in Highschool or Junior high. I have been using this app for 2 school years and it's the best, it's good if you don't have anyone to help you with school work.😋🩷🎀
Marco B
iOS user
THE QUIZES AND FLASHCARDS ARE SO USEFUL AND I LOVE THE SCHOOLGPT. IT ALSO IS LITREALLY LIKE CHATGPT BUT SMARTER!! HELPED ME WITH MY MASCARA PROBLEMS TOO!! AS WELL AS MY REAL SUBJECTS ! DUHHH 😍😁😲🤑💗✨🎀😮
Elisha
iOS user
This app is phenomenal down to the correct info and the various topics you can study! I greatly recommend it for people who struggle with procrastination and those who need homework help. It has been perfectly accurate for world 1 history as far as I’ve seen! Geometry too!
Paul T
iOS user
The app is very easy to use and well designed. I have found everything I was looking for so far and have been able to learn a lot from the presentations! I will definitely use the app for a class assignment! And of course it also helps a lot as an inspiration.
Stefan S
iOS user
This app is really great. There are so many study notes and help [...]. My problem subject is French, for example, and the app has so many options for help. Thanks to this app, I have improved my French. I would recommend it to anyone.
Samantha Klich
Android user
Wow, I am really amazed. I just tried the app because I've seen it advertised many times and was absolutely stunned. This app is THE HELP you want for school and above all, it offers so many things, such as workouts and fact sheets, which have been VERY helpful to me personally.
Anna
iOS user
I think it’s very much worth it and you’ll end up using it a lot once you get the hang of it and even after looking at others notes you can still ask your Artificial intelligence buddy the question and ask to simplify it if you still don’t get it!!! In the end I think it’s worth it 😊👍 ⚠️Also DID I MENTION ITS FREEE YOU DON’T HAVE TO PAY FOR ANYTHING AND STILL GET YOUR GRADES IN PERFECTLY❗️❗️⚠️
Thomas R
iOS user
Knowunity is the BEST app I’ve used in a minute. This is not an ai review or anything this is genuinely coming from a 7th grade student (I know 2011 im young) but dude this app is a 10/10 i have maintained a 3.8 gpa and have plenty of time for gaming. I love it and my mom is just happy I got good grades
Brad T
Android user
Not only did it help me find the answer but it also showed me alternative ways to solve it. I was horrible in math and science but now I have an a in both subjects. Thanks for the help🤍🤍
David K
iOS user
The app's just great! All I have to do is enter the topic in the search bar and I get the response real fast. I don't have to watch 10 YouTube videos to understand something, so I'm saving my time. Highly recommended!
Sudenaz Ocak
Android user
In school I was really bad at maths but thanks to the app, I am doing better now. I am so grateful that you made the app.
Greenlight Bonnie
Android user
I found this app a couple years ago and it has only gotten better since then. I really love it because it can help with written questions and photo questions. Also, it can find study guides that other people have made as well as flashcard sets and practice tests. The free version is also amazing for students who might not be able to afford it. Would 100% recommend
Aubrey
iOS user
Best app if you're in Highschool or Junior high. I have been using this app for 2 school years and it's the best, it's good if you don't have anyone to help you with school work.😋🩷🎀
Marco B
iOS user
THE QUIZES AND FLASHCARDS ARE SO USEFUL AND I LOVE THE SCHOOLGPT. IT ALSO IS LITREALLY LIKE CHATGPT BUT SMARTER!! HELPED ME WITH MY MASCARA PROBLEMS TOO!! AS WELL AS MY REAL SUBJECTS ! DUHHH 😍😁😲🤑💗✨🎀😮
Elisha
iOS user
This app is phenomenal down to the correct info and the various topics you can study! I greatly recommend it for people who struggle with procrastination and those who need homework help. It has been perfectly accurate for world 1 history as far as I’ve seen! Geometry too!
Paul T
iOS user
Working Memory Model: AO1, AO3, and Baddeley & Hitch's Cool Experiments
Demetra
@demetra_21
The Working Memory Model (Baddeley and Hitch)is a multi-component system of short-term memory that challenges the unitary store concept. It consists of four main components: the central executive, phonological loop, visuospatial sketchpad, and episodic buffer, each with specific functions... Show more
Evaluation of the Working Memory Model
Strengths of the Working Memory Model
The Working Memory Model has several strengths that contribute to its validity and usefulness in understanding memory processes:
- Research support from dual-task studies: Experiments have shown that participants perform better when using different components of the WMM simultaneously.
Example: The Baddeley and Hitch dual task experiment demonstrated that performance was impaired when both tasks used the phonological loop, but improved when one task used the phonological loop and the other the visuospatial sketchpad.
- Plausibility: The WMM is considered more plausible than the Multi-Store Model as it explains short-term memory in terms of both temporary storage and active processing.
- Case study support: Patient studies, such as that of Patient KF, have provided evidence for the model's components.
- Neuroimaging evidence: PET scans have shown that different areas of the brain are active while completing visual and verbal tasks, supporting the idea of separate components for different types of information.
Weaknesses of the Working Memory Model
Despite its strengths, the Working Memory Model also has some limitations:
- Limited scope: The model is primarily concerned with short-term memory and doesn't fully explain the transfer of information to long-term memory.
Highlight: A weakness of the Working Memory Model is its focus on short-term memory processes, leaving gaps in our understanding of long-term memory interactions.
- Lack of research on the Central Executive: There is limited research investigating how the Central Executive works, making it difficult to use this component to explain experimental results.
- Criticism of the visuospatial sketchpad: Lieberman pointed out that blind people have spatial memory despite never having had visual information, challenging the visual aspect of this component.
Quote: "Blind people have spatial memory though never having had any visual information." - Lieberman
In conclusion, the Working Memory Model evaluation reveals both strengths and weaknesses. While it provides a more comprehensive explanation of short-term memory processes than previous models, there are still areas that require further research and clarification.
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Improve your grades
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Working Memory Model: Components and Evaluation
The Working Memory Model , developed by Baddeley and Hitch in 1974, revolutionized our understanding of short-term memory. This model challenges the Multi-Store model by proposing multiple components of short-term memory instead of a single unitary store.
Components of the Working Memory Model
Central Executive
The central executive serves as the supervisory system for the overall control and running of the memory system. It has the following characteristics:
- Controls attentional mechanisms
- Has limited capacity
- Involved in problem-solving and decision-making
- Monitors and coordinates the operation of the two slave systems
Definition: The central executive is the component responsible for overseeing and managing the other components of working memory.
Phonological Loop
The phonological loop is one of the slave systems and is responsible for processing speech-based information. It consists of two subcomponents:
- Phonological store: Stores acoustic items for a short period
- Articulatory control system: Allows for subvocal rehearsal/repetition
Highlight: The phonological loop is crucial for language acquisition and has a limited capacity.
Visuospatial Sketchpad
The visuospatial sketchpad is responsible for storing and manipulating visual and spatial information. It has two subcomponents:
- Inner scribe: Deals with spatial relationships between objects
- Visual cache: Stores visual information like form, shape, and color
Example: The visuospatial sketchpad allows us to visualize shapes in our "mind's eye" and remember the appearance of objects.
Episodic Buffer
Added by Baddeley in 2000, the episodic buffer is a temporary store that integrates information from other components. It acts as a "backup" store, communicating with both long-term memory and the components of WMM.
Vocabulary: The episodic buffer serves as an interface between the other components of working memory and long-term memory.
Can't find what you're looking for? Explore other subjects.
Students love us — and so will you.
4.9/5
App Store
4.8/5
Google Play
The app is very easy to use and well designed. I have found everything I was looking for so far and have been able to learn a lot from the presentations! I will definitely use the app for a class assignment! And of course it also helps a lot as an inspiration.
Stefan S
iOS user
This app is really great. There are so many study notes and help [...]. My problem subject is French, for example, and the app has so many options for help. Thanks to this app, I have improved my French. I would recommend it to anyone.
Samantha Klich
Android user
Wow, I am really amazed. I just tried the app because I've seen it advertised many times and was absolutely stunned. This app is THE HELP you want for school and above all, it offers so many things, such as workouts and fact sheets, which have been VERY helpful to me personally.
Anna
iOS user
I think it’s very much worth it and you’ll end up using it a lot once you get the hang of it and even after looking at others notes you can still ask your Artificial intelligence buddy the question and ask to simplify it if you still don’t get it!!! In the end I think it’s worth it 😊👍 ⚠️Also DID I MENTION ITS FREEE YOU DON’T HAVE TO PAY FOR ANYTHING AND STILL GET YOUR GRADES IN PERFECTLY❗️❗️⚠️
Thomas R
iOS user
Knowunity is the BEST app I’ve used in a minute. This is not an ai review or anything this is genuinely coming from a 7th grade student (I know 2011 im young) but dude this app is a 10/10 i have maintained a 3.8 gpa and have plenty of time for gaming. I love it and my mom is just happy I got good grades
Brad T
Android user
Not only did it help me find the answer but it also showed me alternative ways to solve it. I was horrible in math and science but now I have an a in both subjects. Thanks for the help🤍🤍
David K
iOS user
The app's just great! All I have to do is enter the topic in the search bar and I get the response real fast. I don't have to watch 10 YouTube videos to understand something, so I'm saving my time. Highly recommended!
Sudenaz Ocak
Android user
In school I was really bad at maths but thanks to the app, I am doing better now. I am so grateful that you made the app.
Greenlight Bonnie
Android user
I found this app a couple years ago and it has only gotten better since then. I really love it because it can help with written questions and photo questions. Also, it can find study guides that other people have made as well as flashcard sets and practice tests. The free version is also amazing for students who might not be able to afford it. Would 100% recommend
Aubrey
iOS user
Best app if you're in Highschool or Junior high. I have been using this app for 2 school years and it's the best, it's good if you don't have anyone to help you with school work.😋🩷🎀
Marco B
iOS user
THE QUIZES AND FLASHCARDS ARE SO USEFUL AND I LOVE THE SCHOOLGPT. IT ALSO IS LITREALLY LIKE CHATGPT BUT SMARTER!! HELPED ME WITH MY MASCARA PROBLEMS TOO!! AS WELL AS MY REAL SUBJECTS ! DUHHH 😍😁😲🤑💗✨🎀😮
Elisha
iOS user
This app is phenomenal down to the correct info and the various topics you can study! I greatly recommend it for people who struggle with procrastination and those who need homework help. It has been perfectly accurate for world 1 history as far as I’ve seen! Geometry too!
Paul T
iOS user
The app is very easy to use and well designed. I have found everything I was looking for so far and have been able to learn a lot from the presentations! I will definitely use the app for a class assignment! And of course it also helps a lot as an inspiration.
Stefan S
iOS user
This app is really great. There are so many study notes and help [...]. My problem subject is French, for example, and the app has so many options for help. Thanks to this app, I have improved my French. I would recommend it to anyone.
Samantha Klich
Android user
Wow, I am really amazed. I just tried the app because I've seen it advertised many times and was absolutely stunned. This app is THE HELP you want for school and above all, it offers so many things, such as workouts and fact sheets, which have been VERY helpful to me personally.
Anna
iOS user
I think it’s very much worth it and you’ll end up using it a lot once you get the hang of it and even after looking at others notes you can still ask your Artificial intelligence buddy the question and ask to simplify it if you still don’t get it!!! In the end I think it’s worth it 😊👍 ⚠️Also DID I MENTION ITS FREEE YOU DON’T HAVE TO PAY FOR ANYTHING AND STILL GET YOUR GRADES IN PERFECTLY❗️❗️⚠️
Thomas R
iOS user
Knowunity is the BEST app I’ve used in a minute. This is not an ai review or anything this is genuinely coming from a 7th grade student (I know 2011 im young) but dude this app is a 10/10 i have maintained a 3.8 gpa and have plenty of time for gaming. I love it and my mom is just happy I got good grades
Brad T
Android user
Not only did it help me find the answer but it also showed me alternative ways to solve it. I was horrible in math and science but now I have an a in both subjects. Thanks for the help🤍🤍
David K
iOS user
The app's just great! All I have to do is enter the topic in the search bar and I get the response real fast. I don't have to watch 10 YouTube videos to understand something, so I'm saving my time. Highly recommended!
Sudenaz Ocak
Android user
In school I was really bad at maths but thanks to the app, I am doing better now. I am so grateful that you made the app.
Greenlight Bonnie
Android user
I found this app a couple years ago and it has only gotten better since then. I really love it because it can help with written questions and photo questions. Also, it can find study guides that other people have made as well as flashcard sets and practice tests. The free version is also amazing for students who might not be able to afford it. Would 100% recommend
Aubrey
iOS user
Best app if you're in Highschool or Junior high. I have been using this app for 2 school years and it's the best, it's good if you don't have anyone to help you with school work.😋🩷🎀
Marco B
iOS user
THE QUIZES AND FLASHCARDS ARE SO USEFUL AND I LOVE THE SCHOOLGPT. IT ALSO IS LITREALLY LIKE CHATGPT BUT SMARTER!! HELPED ME WITH MY MASCARA PROBLEMS TOO!! AS WELL AS MY REAL SUBJECTS ! DUHHH 😍😁😲🤑💗✨🎀😮
Elisha
iOS user
This app is phenomenal down to the correct info and the various topics you can study! I greatly recommend it for people who struggle with procrastination and those who need homework help. It has been perfectly accurate for world 1 history as far as I’ve seen! Geometry too!
Paul T
iOS user