Introduction to Computer Systems Servicing

A computer is an electronic device that processes data into useful information according to stored instructions. Every computer consists of both hardware (physical components) and software (programs).

Understanding computer parts and peripherals is crucial for anyone interested in technology. This knowledge helps you make informed decisions when using, buying, or fixing computers.

Quick Tip: Knowing how computers work not only helps with troubleshooting but also improves your ability to use them effectively!

The module covers two key areas: types and parts of computers, and computer peripherals and devices.

Types of Computers

Computers are classified into three major types:

1. Analog Computers - Use continuous physical quantities for calculations and measurements. They're commonly found in hospitals and aircraft systems.

2. Digital Computers - The most common type we use daily. They perform calculations and logical operations by processing data in binary form (0s and 1s).

3. Hybrid Computers - Combine features of both analog and digital types. They can both count and measure, making them versatile for specific applications.

Computers are also classified by size and functionality:

• Mainframe Computers - Handle workloads of many users simultaneously
• Minicomputers - Multi-user systems smaller than mainframes
• Servers - Provide services to client machines in networks
• Supercomputers - The fastest and most expensive machines
• Microcomputers - Personal computers with microprocessors

Remember: Most computers you interact with daily are digital computers, specifically microcomputers or personal computers.

Personal Computers

Personal computers (PCs) come in various forms to suit different needs:

Desktop Computers are stand-alone machines designed to stay in one location. They typically have separate components including a monitor, system unit, keyboard, and mouse.

Laptops (also called notebooks) are portable computers optimized for mobile use. They run on batteries and have integrated components, making them ideal for working on the go.

Netbooks are smaller, less expensive laptops with fewer features and capabilities.

Tablets are highly portable touchscreen computers. They use an onscreen keyboard or stylus and are perfect for consuming content and simple tasks.

Personal Digital Assistants (PDAs) are handheld computers (palmtops) with touchscreens and memory cards for storage.

Did you know? The form of computer you choose should match your needs. Desktops offer more power and upgradeability, while laptops and tablets provide mobility.

Computer Hardware Components

The system unit houses the main components of a computer including:

Motherboard - The main circuit board connecting all components. It contains the most important circuits that run the computer.

CPU (Central Processing Unit) - The "brain" of the computer that performs all calculations and manages information flow.

Memory (RAM and ROM) - Primary storage that holds data:

• RAM (Random Access Memory) is volatile - it loses data when powered off
• ROM (Read Only Memory) is non-volatile - it retains data even when powered off

Power Supply Unit (PSU) - Converts standard electricity (AC) to the direct current (DC) voltages used by computer components.

Hard Disk Drive (HDD) - Provides permanent magnetic storage for your operating system, applications, and files.

Adapters/Expansion Cards - Add capabilities to your computer such as improved graphics, additional ports, or networking.

Tech Tip: The CPU and RAM have the biggest impact on your computer's performance for most everyday tasks.

Computer Peripherals: Input Devices

Computer peripherals are external devices that connect to your computer to perform specific functions.

Input devices allow you to enter data and instructions:

Keyboard - The most common input device used to type text and commands into the computer.

Mouse - A pointing device that lets you select, drag, and click on screen elements. It enables you to navigate the graphical interface easily.

Scanner - Reads printed text or images and converts them into digital format for the computer.

Microphone - Captures audio input for recording voice messages, video calling, or voice commands.

Webcam - Captures video input, allowing for video conferencing, recording, or streaming.

Learning Tip: When using input devices, proper positioning helps prevent strain. Place your keyboard and mouse at a comfortable height and keep your wrists straight.

Computer Peripherals: Output Devices

Output devices present the results of computer processing in forms we can understand:

Monitor - Displays information visually through text and graphics. Modern monitors come in different types:

• LCD (Liquid Crystal Display)
• LED (Light Emitting Diode)

Projector - Displays computer output onto a large screen or wall, ideal for presentations and classrooms.

Printer - Creates physical copies of documents or images on paper. Common types include:

• Inkjet printers
• Laser printers
• LED printers

Speakers - Produce sound output from the computer, allowing you to hear audio, music, and alerts.

Quick Fact: Most modern smartphones combine multiple input and output devices (touchscreen, microphone, speakers, camera) in one portable package!

Storage Devices

Storage devices save your data for future use, even when the computer is turned off:

Hard Disk Drive (HDD) - The main storage in most computers, containing the operating system, software, and files.

Solid State Drive (SSD) - Faster, more durable storage with no moving parts (not mentioned in the module but important today).

Optical Discs - Use lasers to read and write data:

• CD (Compact Disc) - Stores up to 700 MB
• DVD (Digital Versatile Disc) - Stores 4.7 GB or more
• Blu-ray Disc - Stores 25 GB or more

USB Flash Drive - Portable, plug-and-play storage device that uses flash memory. Lightweight enough to attach to a keychain.

Understanding storage options helps you choose the right solution for your needs - from quick transfers with flash drives to long-term storage with external hard drives.

Storage Tip: Always keep backups of important files on separate storage devices to protect against data loss.