Definition: Humanism was the intellectual movement that emphasized individual achievement and appreciation for classical arts and learning.

Highlight: Renaissance art distinguished itself from medieval art through:

Example: The contrast between medieval and Renaissance art is evident in the shift from flat, two-dimensional representations to dynamic, life-like portrayals with depth and perspective.

Quote: "Italy became the birthplace of Renaissance due to its position as the center of Roman civilization and the presence of wealthy merchant families in cities like Florence, Milan, and Venice."

Definition: Renaissance, derived from the French word meaning "rebirth," represented a revival of classical Greek and Roman culture.

Highlight: Key causes of the Renaissance included:

Example: The printing press revolutionized communication by enabling writing in common languages, making knowledge more accessible to the general population.

Vocabulary: Asceticism - the practice of severe self-discipline and abstention from worldly pleasures, which declined during this period.