Subjects

AP US History

Period 1: 1491-1607

APUSH Period 1: Fun Review Notes and Quizzes on Native American and European History

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emily 💌

@emily_615

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Native American Societies and Early European Contact (1491-1607) - A comprehensive examination of indigenous civilizations across the Americas and their initial encounters with European explorers, highlighting the profound transformations brought by the Columbian Exchange and early colonization efforts.

• Pre-contact Americas housed approximately 54 million people across diverse, sophisticated societies
• Native societies developed advanced agricultural techniques, including three-sister farming
• European arrival led to devastating population losses among Native Americans (up to 90%)
• Spanish dominance in early colonization established key patterns of settlement and cultural interaction
• Complex racial hierarchies and labor systems emerged in colonial societies

4/22/2023

189

Period 1 (1491-1607)
1491-Year prior to European Contact.
Ly By 1492 about 54 million people inhabited the
two American Continents
Native So

View

Causes and Effects of European Exploration

This page delves into the motivations behind European exploration of the New World and its initial impacts on both continents. Understanding these factors is crucial for contextualizing the APUSH Period 1 notes.

Causes of European exploration:

Spreading religion, particularly Catholicism
Seeking wealth and new trade routes
Competition among European powers
Advancements in navigation technology

Effects of European entry into the New World:

Initiation of the Columbian Exchange
European population growth
Devastating Native American population loss

Definition: Sextant - An instrument used for celestial navigation to determine latitude and longitude by measuring the angle between the horizon and a celestial body.

Highlight: In the centuries following Columbus' landfall, as many as 90% of Native Americans perished from diseases, enslavement, and armed aggression.

View

The Columbian Exchange

This page outlines the extensive biological and cultural exchange between the Old and New Worlds, a crucial concept for the APUSH Unit 1 summary. The Columbian Exchange had profound and lasting impacts on both hemispheres.

Items received by Europe:

Foods: Corn, potatoes, tomatoes, tobacco, chocolate
Animals: Turkeys, buffalo, raccoons
Disease: Syphilis

Items received by the New World:

Foods: Wheat, sugar, rice, coffee, citrus fruits
Animals: Horses, cows, pigs, sheep
Diseases: Smallpox, measles, influenza
Religion: Christianity (Catholicism and Protestantism)
Technology: Guns, iron tools

Highlight: The introduction of Old World diseases to the Americas had a catastrophic effect on Native American populations, who lacked immunity to these pathogens.

Example: The horse, introduced by Europeans, dramatically changed the lifestyle and hunting practices of Great Plains Native Americans.

View

Spanish Colonization

This page focuses on early Spanish colonization efforts in the Americas, a key topic for APUSH Period 1 practice tests. Spain was the dominant European power in the early stages of New World exploration and settlement.

Key points:

Establishment of coastal towns in Central and South America
Priority on converting natives to Catholicism
First permanent colony in St. Augustine, Florida (1565)
Implementation of the encomienda system for labor
Development of a racial caste system
Spanish naval dominance until 1588

Definition: Encomienda System - A labor system where Spanish colonists were granted authority over a number of natives, obligating them to protect and convert the natives in exchange for their labor.

Vocabulary: Mestizos - People of mixed Native American and European ancestry.

Highlight: The defeat of the Spanish Armada by the English in 1588 opened the door for French and English colonization efforts in the Americas.

View

Spanish Conquistadors and Early English Colonies

This final page covers the actions of Spanish conquistadors and early English colonial attempts, providing essential context for understanding Native American and European interactions.

Key events and concepts:

Treaty of Tordesillas (1494) divided New World territories between Spain and Portugal
Hernán Cortés captured the Aztec capital Tenochtitlan in 1519
Debates over the treatment of Native Americans in the 1550s
Establishment of the Roanoke colony in 1585 (which later vanished)
Spanish mission system in the American Southwest
Founding of Jamestown, the first permanent English colony, in 1607

Definition: Conquistadors - Spanish conquerors who led military expeditions in the Americas during the Age of Discovery.

Example: The disappearance of the Roanoke colony, known as the "Lost Colony," remains a mystery in early American history.

Highlight: The Spanish mission system in the Southwest aimed to create Christian converts among Native Americans, often using violent methods.

View

Page 6: Key Events and Systems

The period concluded with significant developments in colonization and Native American-European relations.

Vocabulary: Conquistadors were Spanish conquerors who led military expeditions in the Americas.

Example: The Treaty of Tordesillas (1494) divided New World territories between Spain and Portugal.

Highlight: The establishment of Jamestown in 1607 marked the beginning of permanent English colonization in North America.

View

Native American Societies Before European Contact

This page provides an overview of the diverse Native American societies that existed prior to European contact in 1492. Native American societies before European contact APUSH were well-established and adapted to their environments.

The page outlines various regions and their characteristics:

Southwest/Desert: Developed sophisticated irrigation systems
Northeast/Woodlands: Utilized stable rainfall for farming and timber for construction
Mississippi River Valley: Centered around river-based trade and mound building
Great Lakes: Focused on fishing and water-based travel
Great Plains/Great Basin: Relied on buffalo hunting
Pacific Northwest: Primarily fishing-based societies

Highlight: By 1492, approximately 54 million people inhabited the two American continents, demonstrating the scale and diversity of pre-Columbian societies.

Example: The Anasazi, Hohokam, and Pueblo people in the Southwest were known for their multi-tiered stone buildings (pueblos), agriculture, and pottery.

Vocabulary: Three-Sister Farming - A Native American agricultural technique involving the simultaneous cultivation of maize, beans, and squash to maximize yields.

Can't find what you're looking for? Explore other subjects.

Knowunity is the # 1 ranked education app in five European countries

Knowunity was a featured story by Apple and has consistently topped the app store charts within the education category in Germany, Italy, Poland, Switzerland and United Kingdom. Join Knowunity today and help millions of students around the world.

Download in

Google Play

Download in

App Store

Knowunity is the # 1 ranked education app in five European countries

4.9+

Average App Rating

15 M

Students use Knowunity

#1

In Education App Charts in 12 Countries

950 K+

Students uploaded study notes

Still not sure? Look at what your fellow peers are saying...

iOS User

I love this app so much [...] I recommend Knowunity to everyone!!! I went from a C to an A with it :D

Stefan S, iOS User

The application is very simple and well designed. So far I have found what I was looking for :D

SuSSan, iOS User

Love this App ❤️, I use it basically all the time whenever I'm studying

Subjects

AP US History

Period 1: 1491-1607

APUSH Period 1: Fun Review Notes and Quizzes on Native American and European History

emily 💌

@emily_615

4 Followers

4/22/2023

189

AP US History

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Causes and Effects of European Exploration

Causes of European exploration:

Spreading religion, particularly Catholicism
Seeking wealth and new trade routes
Competition among European powers
Advancements in navigation technology

Effects of European entry into the New World:

Initiation of the Columbian Exchange
European population growth
Devastating Native American population loss

Definition: Sextant - An instrument used for celestial navigation to determine latitude and longitude by measuring the angle between the horizon and a celestial body.

Highlight: In the centuries following Columbus' landfall, as many as 90% of Native Americans perished from diseases, enslavement, and armed aggression.

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Access to all documents

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Join milions of students

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The Columbian Exchange

Items received by Europe:

Foods: Corn, potatoes, tomatoes, tobacco, chocolate
Animals: Turkeys, buffalo, raccoons
Disease: Syphilis

Items received by the New World:

Foods: Wheat, sugar, rice, coffee, citrus fruits
Animals: Horses, cows, pigs, sheep
Diseases: Smallpox, measles, influenza
Religion: Christianity (Catholicism and Protestantism)
Technology: Guns, iron tools

Highlight: The introduction of Old World diseases to the Americas had a catastrophic effect on Native American populations, who lacked immunity to these pathogens.

Example: The horse, introduced by Europeans, dramatically changed the lifestyle and hunting practices of Great Plains Native Americans.

Sign up to see the content. It's free!

Access to all documents

Improve your grades

Join milions of students

By signing up you accept Terms of Service and Privacy Policy

Spanish Colonization

Key points:

Establishment of coastal towns in Central and South America
Priority on converting natives to Catholicism
First permanent colony in St. Augustine, Florida (1565)
Implementation of the encomienda system for labor
Development of a racial caste system
Spanish naval dominance until 1588

Definition: Encomienda System - A labor system where Spanish colonists were granted authority over a number of natives, obligating them to protect and convert the natives in exchange for their labor.

Vocabulary: Mestizos - People of mixed Native American and European ancestry.

Highlight: The defeat of the Spanish Armada by the English in 1588 opened the door for French and English colonization efforts in the Americas.

Sign up to see the content. It's free!

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Join milions of students

By signing up you accept Terms of Service and Privacy Policy

Spanish Conquistadors and Early English Colonies

This final page covers the actions of Spanish conquistadors and early English colonial attempts, providing essential context for understanding Native American and European interactions.

Key events and concepts:

Treaty of Tordesillas (1494) divided New World territories between Spain and Portugal
Hernán Cortés captured the Aztec capital Tenochtitlan in 1519
Debates over the treatment of Native Americans in the 1550s
Establishment of the Roanoke colony in 1585 (which later vanished)
Spanish mission system in the American Southwest
Founding of Jamestown, the first permanent English colony, in 1607

Definition: Conquistadors - Spanish conquerors who led military expeditions in the Americas during the Age of Discovery.

Example: The disappearance of the Roanoke colony, known as the "Lost Colony," remains a mystery in early American history.

Highlight: The Spanish mission system in the Southwest aimed to create Christian converts among Native Americans, often using violent methods.

Sign up to see the content. It's free!

Access to all documents

Improve your grades

Join milions of students

By signing up you accept Terms of Service and Privacy Policy

Page 6: Key Events and Systems

The period concluded with significant developments in colonization and Native American-European relations.

Vocabulary: Conquistadors were Spanish conquerors who led military expeditions in the Americas.

Example: The Treaty of Tordesillas (1494) divided New World territories between Spain and Portugal.

Highlight: The establishment of Jamestown in 1607 marked the beginning of permanent English colonization in North America.

Sign up to see the content. It's free!

Access to all documents

Improve your grades

Join milions of students

By signing up you accept Terms of Service and Privacy Policy

Native American Societies Before European Contact

The page outlines various regions and their characteristics:

Southwest/Desert: Developed sophisticated irrigation systems
Northeast/Woodlands: Utilized stable rainfall for farming and timber for construction
Mississippi River Valley: Centered around river-based trade and mound building
Great Lakes: Focused on fishing and water-based travel
Great Plains/Great Basin: Relied on buffalo hunting
Pacific Northwest: Primarily fishing-based societies

Highlight: By 1492, approximately 54 million people inhabited the two American continents, demonstrating the scale and diversity of pre-Columbian societies.

Example: The Anasazi, Hohokam, and Pueblo people in the Southwest were known for their multi-tiered stone buildings (pueblos), agriculture, and pottery.

Vocabulary: Three-Sister Farming - A Native American agricultural technique involving the simultaneous cultivation of maize, beans, and squash to maximize yields.

Can't find what you're looking for? Explore other subjects.

Knowunity is the # 1 ranked education app in five European countries

Knowunity was a featured story by Apple and has consistently topped the app store charts within the education category in Germany, Italy, Poland, Switzerland and United Kingdom. Join Knowunity today and help millions of students around the world.

Download in

Google Play

Download in

App Store

4.9+

Average App Rating

15 M

Students use Knowunity

#1

In Education App Charts in 12 Countries

950 K+

Students uploaded study notes

Still not sure? Look at what your fellow peers are saying...

iOS User

I love this app so much [...] I recommend Knowunity to everyone!!! I went from a C to an A with it :D

Stefan S, iOS User

The application is very simple and well designed. So far I have found what I was looking for :D

SuSSan, iOS User

APUSH Period 1: Fun Review Notes and Quizzes on Native American and European History

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Can't find what you're looking for? Explore other subjects.

Knowunity is the # 1 ranked education app in five European countries

Knowunity was a featured story by Apple and has consistently topped the app store charts within the education category in Germany, Italy, Poland, Switzerland and United Kingdom. Join Knowunity today and help millions of students around the world.

4.9+

15 M

#1

950 K+

Still not sure? Look at what your fellow peers are saying...

I love this app so much [...] I recommend Knowunity to everyone!!! I went from a C to an A with it :D

The application is very simple and well designed. So far I have found what I was looking for :D

Love this App ❤️, I use it basically all the time whenever I'm studying

APUSH Period 1: Fun Review Notes and Quizzes on Native American and European History

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Similar Content

Can't find what you're looking for? Explore other subjects.

Knowunity is the # 1 ranked education app in five European countries

Knowunity was a featured story by Apple and has consistently topped the app store charts within the education category in Germany, Italy, Poland, Switzerland and United Kingdom. Join Knowunity today and help millions of students around the world.

4.9+

15 M

#1

950 K+

Still not sure? Look at what your fellow peers are saying...

I love this app so much [...] I recommend Knowunity to everyone!!! I went from a C to an A with it :D

The application is very simple and well designed. So far I have found what I was looking for :D

Love this App ❤️, I use it basically all the time whenever I'm studying