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Nixon, Civil Rights, and the 1960s: What Really Happened?

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Nixon, Civil Rights, and the 1960s: What Really Happened?
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Juveriya

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Politics in the 1960s America saw major shifts as civil rights movements expanded and conservatism grew. President Richard Nixon's complex legacy included both liberal legislation and conservative rhetoric, setting the stage for future political realignments.

9/16/2023

131

Chapter 27: Rights, Reaction, and Limits
Civil rights: womens movement; latino movement: united farm workers; native americans;
Religious Ri

Chapter 27: Rights, Reaction, and Limits

This chapter explores the tumultuous period from 1968-1980 when fundamental contradictions in American society came to the forefront. Key developments included:

  • Expansion of civil rights movements for women, Latinos, Native Americans, and LGBTQ+ groups
  • Rise of the Religious Right and cultural conservatism
  • Nixon's presidency, marked by both liberal policies and conservative appeals
  • The Watergate scandal and its aftermath

Highlight: The era saw major social transformations alongside growing political divisions and the emergence of a new conservative movement.

The New Politics of the Late 1960s

Richard Nixon capitalized on an "emerging Republican majority" based in the South, West, and suburbs. His approach blended:

  • Appeals to white voters disaffected by civil rights and social programs
  • Criticism of the Vietnam War's handling
  • Support for popular federal programs, despite conservative rhetoric

Example: Nixon renewed and expanded many liberal policies like the Voting Rights Act while also using "law and order" messaging to appeal to conservatives.

The Roots of Conservative Reaction

The conservative shift of the 1960s had several key influences:

  • Suburban culture emphasizing individualism
  • Publications like William F. Buckley's National Review
  • Barry Goldwater's 1964 presidential campaign

Quote: Goldwater asked if voters wanted "the federal government to expand its reach and control every part of their lives."

Vocabulary: The "conservative movement" refers to the growing political and social movement advocating for traditional values, limited government, and free-market economics.

Chapter 27: Rights, Reaction, and Limits
Civil rights: womens movement; latino movement: united farm workers; native americans;
Religious Ri

View

Nixon's Domestic Policies: Liberal Legislation, Conservative Rhetoric

Richard Nixon's presidency was marked by contradictions between his conservative image and many of his actual policies:

  • Renewed and expanded civil rights legislation like the Voting Rights Act
  • Increased funding for social programs like Medicare and Medicaid
  • Created new environmental protections through the EPA and Clean Air/Water Acts
  • Proposed health insurance reforms and anti-poverty measures

Highlight: Nixon's civil rights record included signing Title IX, expanding affirmative action, and increasing social program funding by 50%.

At the same time, Nixon often used conservative rhetoric and divisive tactics to appeal to his base, especially during election campaigns. He was pragmatic in supporting popular programs while also fanning cultural divisions when politically advantageous.

Example: During his 1972 re-election campaign, Nixon proposed some segregationist policies to win Southern support while simultaneously expanding liberal social programs.

The Moon Landing and Legislative Cooperation

In July 1969, the U.S. achieved John F. Kennedy's goal of landing a man on the moon. This period also saw significant bipartisan legislative achievements despite divided government:

  • Renewal of the Voting Rights Act in 1970
  • Increased funding for cancer research
  • Passage of Title IX in 1972, expanding women's rights in education

Definition: Title IX prohibits sex-based discrimination in any school or education program receiving federal funding, significantly impacting women's opportunities in academics and athletics.

Chapter 27: Rights, Reaction, and Limits
Civil rights: womens movement; latino movement: united farm workers; native americans;
Religious Ri

View

Environmental and Cultural Initiatives

Richard Nixon's administration oversaw major expansions in environmental protection and cultural funding:

  • Creation of the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA)
  • Passage of the 1973 Endangered Species Act
  • New Clean Air and Clean Water Acts mandating pollution cleanup
  • Massive increase in National Endowment for the Arts (NEA) funding from $7.7 million to $60 million

Highlight: Nixon did more for environmental protection than his Democratic predecessors, surprising many conservatives.

Health and Welfare Proposals

Nixon proposed several significant reforms to health insurance and welfare:

  • Family Assistance Plan (FAP) to provide a guaranteed minimum income
  • System of federally mandated health insurance
  • 50% increase in federal anti-poverty spending

Vocabulary: "Affirmative action" refers to policies aimed at increasing representation of underrepresented groups in areas like education and employment.

Political Calculations

Nixon's support for these liberal policies was often driven by political calculations:

  • Many programs remained broadly popular with voters
  • He enjoyed praise for bipartisan achievements
  • Supporting some liberal policies allowed him to appear moderate while using conservative rhetoric on other issues

Quote: Nixon "mainly passed the policies that were going to benefit him and bring votes for him, and didn't care whether or not it was conservatives or liberals."

This pragmatic approach often frustrated ideological conservatives, but helped Nixon build a broad coalition for his 1972 re-election.

Chapter 27: Rights, Reaction, and Limits
Civil rights: womens movement; latino movement: united farm workers; native americans;
Religious Ri

View

Chapter 27: Rights, Reaction, and Limits
Civil rights: womens movement; latino movement: united farm workers; native americans;
Religious Ri

View

Chapter 27: Rights, Reaction, and Limits
Civil rights: womens movement; latino movement: united farm workers; native americans;
Religious Ri

View

Chapter 27: Rights, Reaction, and Limits
Civil rights: womens movement; latino movement: united farm workers; native americans;
Religious Ri

View

Chapter 27: Rights, Reaction, and Limits
Civil rights: womens movement; latino movement: united farm workers; native americans;
Religious Ri

View

Chapter 27: Rights, Reaction, and Limits
Civil rights: womens movement; latino movement: united farm workers; native americans;
Religious Ri

View

Chapter 27: Rights, Reaction, and Limits
Civil rights: womens movement; latino movement: united farm workers; native americans;
Religious Ri

View

Can't find what you're looking for? Explore other subjects.

Knowunity is the # 1 ranked education app in five European countries

Knowunity was a featured story by Apple and has consistently topped the app store charts within the education category in Germany, Italy, Poland, Switzerland and United Kingdom. Join Knowunity today and help millions of students around the world.

Ranked #1 Education App

Download in

Google Play

Download in

App Store

Knowunity is the # 1 ranked education app in five European countries

4.9+

Average App Rating

13 M

Students use Knowunity

#1

In Education App Charts in 12 Countries

950 K+

Students uploaded study notes

Still not sure? Look at what your fellow peers are saying...

iOS User

I love this app so much [...] I recommend Knowunity to everyone!!! I went from a C to an A with it :D

Stefan S, iOS User

The application is very simple and well designed. So far I have found what I was looking for :D

SuSSan, iOS User

Love this App ❤️, I use it basically all the time whenever I'm studying

Can't find what you're looking for? Explore other subjects.

Knowunity is the # 1 ranked education app in five European countries

Knowunity was a featured story by Apple and has consistently topped the app store charts within the education category in Germany, Italy, Poland, Switzerland and United Kingdom. Join Knowunity today and help millions of students around the world.

Ranked #1 Education App

Download in

Google Play

Download in

App Store

Knowunity is the # 1 ranked education app in five European countries

4.9+

Average App Rating

13 M

Students use Knowunity

#1

In Education App Charts in 12 Countries

950 K+

Students uploaded study notes

Still not sure? Look at what your fellow peers are saying...

iOS User

I love this app so much [...] I recommend Knowunity to everyone!!! I went from a C to an A with it :D

Stefan S, iOS User

The application is very simple and well designed. So far I have found what I was looking for :D

SuSSan, iOS User

Love this App ❤️, I use it basically all the time whenever I'm studying

Nixon, Civil Rights, and the 1960s: What Really Happened?

user profile picture

Juveriya

@juveriya02_

·

10 Followers

Follow

Politics in the 1960s America saw major shifts as civil rights movements expanded and conservatism grew. President Richard Nixon's complex legacy included both liberal legislation and conservative rhetoric, setting the stage for future political realignments.

9/16/2023

131

 

10th

 

US History

5

Chapter 27: Rights, Reaction, and Limits
Civil rights: womens movement; latino movement: united farm workers; native americans;
Religious Ri

Sign up to see the content. It's free!

Access to all documents

Improve your grades

Join milions of students

By signing up you accept Terms of Service and Privacy Policy

Chapter 27: Rights, Reaction, and Limits

This chapter explores the tumultuous period from 1968-1980 when fundamental contradictions in American society came to the forefront. Key developments included:

  • Expansion of civil rights movements for women, Latinos, Native Americans, and LGBTQ+ groups
  • Rise of the Religious Right and cultural conservatism
  • Nixon's presidency, marked by both liberal policies and conservative appeals
  • The Watergate scandal and its aftermath

Highlight: The era saw major social transformations alongside growing political divisions and the emergence of a new conservative movement.

The New Politics of the Late 1960s

Richard Nixon capitalized on an "emerging Republican majority" based in the South, West, and suburbs. His approach blended:

  • Appeals to white voters disaffected by civil rights and social programs
  • Criticism of the Vietnam War's handling
  • Support for popular federal programs, despite conservative rhetoric

Example: Nixon renewed and expanded many liberal policies like the Voting Rights Act while also using "law and order" messaging to appeal to conservatives.

The Roots of Conservative Reaction

The conservative shift of the 1960s had several key influences:

  • Suburban culture emphasizing individualism
  • Publications like William F. Buckley's National Review
  • Barry Goldwater's 1964 presidential campaign

Quote: Goldwater asked if voters wanted "the federal government to expand its reach and control every part of their lives."

Vocabulary: The "conservative movement" refers to the growing political and social movement advocating for traditional values, limited government, and free-market economics.

Chapter 27: Rights, Reaction, and Limits
Civil rights: womens movement; latino movement: united farm workers; native americans;
Religious Ri

Sign up to see the content. It's free!

Access to all documents

Improve your grades

Join milions of students

By signing up you accept Terms of Service and Privacy Policy

Nixon's Domestic Policies: Liberal Legislation, Conservative Rhetoric

Richard Nixon's presidency was marked by contradictions between his conservative image and many of his actual policies:

  • Renewed and expanded civil rights legislation like the Voting Rights Act
  • Increased funding for social programs like Medicare and Medicaid
  • Created new environmental protections through the EPA and Clean Air/Water Acts
  • Proposed health insurance reforms and anti-poverty measures

Highlight: Nixon's civil rights record included signing Title IX, expanding affirmative action, and increasing social program funding by 50%.

At the same time, Nixon often used conservative rhetoric and divisive tactics to appeal to his base, especially during election campaigns. He was pragmatic in supporting popular programs while also fanning cultural divisions when politically advantageous.

Example: During his 1972 re-election campaign, Nixon proposed some segregationist policies to win Southern support while simultaneously expanding liberal social programs.

The Moon Landing and Legislative Cooperation

In July 1969, the U.S. achieved John F. Kennedy's goal of landing a man on the moon. This period also saw significant bipartisan legislative achievements despite divided government:

  • Renewal of the Voting Rights Act in 1970
  • Increased funding for cancer research
  • Passage of Title IX in 1972, expanding women's rights in education

Definition: Title IX prohibits sex-based discrimination in any school or education program receiving federal funding, significantly impacting women's opportunities in academics and athletics.

Chapter 27: Rights, Reaction, and Limits
Civil rights: womens movement; latino movement: united farm workers; native americans;
Religious Ri

Sign up to see the content. It's free!

Access to all documents

Improve your grades

Join milions of students

By signing up you accept Terms of Service and Privacy Policy

Environmental and Cultural Initiatives

Richard Nixon's administration oversaw major expansions in environmental protection and cultural funding:

  • Creation of the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA)
  • Passage of the 1973 Endangered Species Act
  • New Clean Air and Clean Water Acts mandating pollution cleanup
  • Massive increase in National Endowment for the Arts (NEA) funding from $7.7 million to $60 million

Highlight: Nixon did more for environmental protection than his Democratic predecessors, surprising many conservatives.

Health and Welfare Proposals

Nixon proposed several significant reforms to health insurance and welfare:

  • Family Assistance Plan (FAP) to provide a guaranteed minimum income
  • System of federally mandated health insurance
  • 50% increase in federal anti-poverty spending

Vocabulary: "Affirmative action" refers to policies aimed at increasing representation of underrepresented groups in areas like education and employment.

Political Calculations

Nixon's support for these liberal policies was often driven by political calculations:

  • Many programs remained broadly popular with voters
  • He enjoyed praise for bipartisan achievements
  • Supporting some liberal policies allowed him to appear moderate while using conservative rhetoric on other issues

Quote: Nixon "mainly passed the policies that were going to benefit him and bring votes for him, and didn't care whether or not it was conservatives or liberals."

This pragmatic approach often frustrated ideological conservatives, but helped Nixon build a broad coalition for his 1972 re-election.

Chapter 27: Rights, Reaction, and Limits
Civil rights: womens movement; latino movement: united farm workers; native americans;
Religious Ri

Sign up to see the content. It's free!

Access to all documents

Improve your grades

Join milions of students

By signing up you accept Terms of Service and Privacy Policy

Chapter 27: Rights, Reaction, and Limits
Civil rights: womens movement; latino movement: united farm workers; native americans;
Religious Ri

Sign up to see the content. It's free!

Access to all documents

Improve your grades

Join milions of students

By signing up you accept Terms of Service and Privacy Policy

Chapter 27: Rights, Reaction, and Limits
Civil rights: womens movement; latino movement: united farm workers; native americans;
Religious Ri

Sign up to see the content. It's free!

Access to all documents

Improve your grades

Join milions of students

By signing up you accept Terms of Service and Privacy Policy

Chapter 27: Rights, Reaction, and Limits
Civil rights: womens movement; latino movement: united farm workers; native americans;
Religious Ri

Sign up to see the content. It's free!

Access to all documents

Improve your grades

Join milions of students

By signing up you accept Terms of Service and Privacy Policy

Chapter 27: Rights, Reaction, and Limits
Civil rights: womens movement; latino movement: united farm workers; native americans;
Religious Ri

Sign up to see the content. It's free!

Access to all documents

Improve your grades

Join milions of students

By signing up you accept Terms of Service and Privacy Policy

Chapter 27: Rights, Reaction, and Limits
Civil rights: womens movement; latino movement: united farm workers; native americans;
Religious Ri

Sign up to see the content. It's free!

Access to all documents

Improve your grades

Join milions of students

By signing up you accept Terms of Service and Privacy Policy

Chapter 27: Rights, Reaction, and Limits
Civil rights: womens movement; latino movement: united farm workers; native americans;
Religious Ri

Sign up to see the content. It's free!

Access to all documents

Improve your grades

Join milions of students

By signing up you accept Terms of Service and Privacy Policy

Can't find what you're looking for? Explore other subjects.

Knowunity is the # 1 ranked education app in five European countries

Knowunity was a featured story by Apple and has consistently topped the app store charts within the education category in Germany, Italy, Poland, Switzerland and United Kingdom. Join Knowunity today and help millions of students around the world.

Ranked #1 Education App

Download in

Google Play

Download in

App Store

Knowunity is the # 1 ranked education app in five European countries

4.9+

Average App Rating

13 M

Students use Knowunity

#1

In Education App Charts in 12 Countries

950 K+

Students uploaded study notes

Still not sure? Look at what your fellow peers are saying...

iOS User

I love this app so much [...] I recommend Knowunity to everyone!!! I went from a C to an A with it :D

Stefan S, iOS User

The application is very simple and well designed. So far I have found what I was looking for :D

SuSSan, iOS User

Love this App ❤️, I use it basically all the time whenever I'm studying