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US History
The Civil War Begins
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The Election of 1860
The 1860 presidential election was unlike any before it, featuring four major candidates after the Democratic party split over slavery. While northern Democrats backed Stephen Douglas and his popular sovereignty approach, southern Democrats rallied behind John C. Breckinridge who supported a federal slavery code.
The Republican party presented a united front with Abraham Lincoln as their nominee. Though not an abolitionist, Lincoln firmly opposed the expansion of slavery into new territories, making him appealing to northern and western voters. Meanwhile, the Constitutional Union Party emerged with John Bell as their candidate, hoping to shift focus away from slavery toward preserving the Union.
When the votes were counted, Lincoln won the electoral majority despite not securing 50% of the popular vote. Notably, he didn't win a single southern state, highlighting the nation's deep regional divisions.
History Connection: Lincoln's victory without southern support demonstrated how the electoral system could produce a president who lacked nationwide approval - a political situation that would help trigger the Civil War.
The South Secedes
Southern states responded swiftly to Lincoln's election. South Carolina led the way on December 20, 1860, when its state convention voted unanimously for secession - a formal withdrawal from the United States. Within two months, six more southern states had followed: Florida, Georgia, Alabama, Mississippi, Louisiana, and Texas.
On February 4, 1861, these seceded states formed the Confederate States of America, establishing a rival government with Jefferson Davis as president. The Confederacy declared its independence from the United States, setting the stage for conflict.
The newly elected presidents gave inaugural addresses that reflected their opposing positions. Lincoln reached out to southerners, promising not to interfere with existing slavery but refusing to accept secession. Davis, meanwhile, explained the Confederacy's reasons for seceding and outlined their new government, noting they didn't want war but would fight if necessary.
Important Point: Both Lincoln and Davis claimed they wanted peace, but neither would compromise on the fundamental issue: Lincoln wouldn't accept secession, and Davis wouldn't return to the Union.
Fort Sumter and the Start of War
As the Confederacy began seizing federal properties across the South, Fort Sumter in South Carolina became a flashpoint. This fort protected important southern commercial areas and remained under Union control, creating a dilemma for Lincoln. He needed to resupply the fort's starving soldiers but risked triggering armed conflict.
Lincoln's solution was to send unarmed supply ships to the fort, promising not to send warships unless these were blocked. This careful approach aimed to avoid war while not surrendering federal property. The Confederates, however, saw this as a challenge to their authority.
On April 12, 1861, Confederate troops opened fire on Fort Sumter, marking the official beginning of the Civil War. Union forces surrendered the next day, and Lincoln immediately called for 75,000 volunteer troops from each state to put down the rebellion.
Critical Moment: The Fort Sumter battle prompted four more states to secede - Tennessee, Arkansas, North Carolina, and Virginia - though western Virginians opposed secession and eventually formed their own Union-loyal state.
The Border States Strategy
Lincoln quickly recognized the strategic importance of keeping the border states - slave states that hadn't seceded - in the Union. These states were crucial for multiple reasons: they protected Washington D.C., contained most of the South's manufacturing capacity, and included rivers that provided access deep into Confederate territory.
To maintain their loyalty, Lincoln carefully framed the war's purpose. He declared that the conflict wasn't about freeing enslaved people but about preserving the Union - a position designed to prevent further secession by slave-holding states that hadn't yet left.
This strategic approach shaped early Union war policy and helped Lincoln secure the border states' continued allegiance. His careful political maneuvering prevented the Confederacy from gaining additional territory and resources that might have dramatically changed the war's outcome.
Strategic Insight: Lincoln's focus on preserving the Union rather than ending slavery was a practical political strategy, not his personal moral position. This pragmatic approach helped keep the vital border states loyal.
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This app is really great. There are so many study notes and help [...]. My problem subject is French, for example, and the app has so many options for help. Thanks to this app, I have improved my French. I would recommend it to anyone.
Samantha Klich
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Wow, I am really amazed. I just tried the app because I've seen it advertised many times and was absolutely stunned. This app is THE HELP you want for school and above all, it offers so many things, such as workouts and fact sheets, which have been VERY helpful to me personally.
Anna
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I think it’s very much worth it and you’ll end up using it a lot once you get the hang of it and even after looking at others notes you can still ask your Artificial intelligence buddy the question and ask to simplify it if you still don’t get it!!! In the end I think it’s worth it 😊👍 ⚠️Also DID I MENTION ITS FREEE YOU DON’T HAVE TO PAY FOR ANYTHING AND STILL GET YOUR GRADES IN PERFECTLY❗️❗️⚠️
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Knowunity is the BEST app I’ve used in a minute. This is not an ai review or anything this is genuinely coming from a 7th grade student (I know 2011 im young) but dude this app is a 10/10 i have maintained a 3.8 gpa and have plenty of time for gaming. I love it and my mom is just happy I got good grades
Brad T
Android user
Not only did it help me find the answer but it also showed me alternative ways to solve it. I was horrible in math and science but now I have an a in both subjects. Thanks for the help🤍🤍
David K
iOS user
The app's just great! All I have to do is enter the topic in the search bar and I get the response real fast. I don't have to watch 10 YouTube videos to understand something, so I'm saving my time. Highly recommended!
Sudenaz Ocak
Android user
In school I was really bad at maths but thanks to the app, I am doing better now. I am so grateful that you made the app.
Greenlight Bonnie
Android user
I found this app a couple years ago and it has only gotten better since then. I really love it because it can help with written questions and photo questions. Also, it can find study guides that other people have made as well as flashcard sets and practice tests. The free version is also amazing for students who might not be able to afford it. Would 100% recommend
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Best app if you're in Highschool or Junior high. I have been using this app for 2 school years and it's the best, it's good if you don't have anyone to help you with school work.😋🩷🎀
Marco B
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THE QUIZES AND FLASHCARDS ARE SO USEFUL AND I LOVE THE SCHOOLGPT. IT ALSO IS LITREALLY LIKE CHATGPT BUT SMARTER!! HELPED ME WITH MY MASCARA PROBLEMS TOO!! AS WELL AS MY REAL SUBJECTS ! DUHHH 😍😁😲🤑💗✨🎀😮
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The Start of the Civil War: Key Early Events
The American Civil War's beginning was marked by deep political divisions over slavery, leading to the fracturing of the Democratic party and the election of Abraham Lincoln in 1860. This pivotal moment in American history triggered a chain of events... Show more
The Election of 1860
The 1860 presidential election was unlike any before it, featuring four major candidates after the Democratic party split over slavery. While northern Democrats backed Stephen Douglas and his popular sovereignty approach, southern Democrats rallied behind John C. Breckinridge who supported a federal slavery code.
The Republican party presented a united front with Abraham Lincoln as their nominee. Though not an abolitionist, Lincoln firmly opposed the expansion of slavery into new territories, making him appealing to northern and western voters. Meanwhile, the Constitutional Union Party emerged with John Bell as their candidate, hoping to shift focus away from slavery toward preserving the Union.
When the votes were counted, Lincoln won the electoral majority despite not securing 50% of the popular vote. Notably, he didn't win a single southern state, highlighting the nation's deep regional divisions.
History Connection: Lincoln's victory without southern support demonstrated how the electoral system could produce a president who lacked nationwide approval - a political situation that would help trigger the Civil War.
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The South Secedes
Southern states responded swiftly to Lincoln's election. South Carolina led the way on December 20, 1860, when its state convention voted unanimously for secession - a formal withdrawal from the United States. Within two months, six more southern states had followed: Florida, Georgia, Alabama, Mississippi, Louisiana, and Texas.
On February 4, 1861, these seceded states formed the Confederate States of America, establishing a rival government with Jefferson Davis as president. The Confederacy declared its independence from the United States, setting the stage for conflict.
The newly elected presidents gave inaugural addresses that reflected their opposing positions. Lincoln reached out to southerners, promising not to interfere with existing slavery but refusing to accept secession. Davis, meanwhile, explained the Confederacy's reasons for seceding and outlined their new government, noting they didn't want war but would fight if necessary.
Important Point: Both Lincoln and Davis claimed they wanted peace, but neither would compromise on the fundamental issue: Lincoln wouldn't accept secession, and Davis wouldn't return to the Union.
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Fort Sumter and the Start of War
As the Confederacy began seizing federal properties across the South, Fort Sumter in South Carolina became a flashpoint. This fort protected important southern commercial areas and remained under Union control, creating a dilemma for Lincoln. He needed to resupply the fort's starving soldiers but risked triggering armed conflict.
Lincoln's solution was to send unarmed supply ships to the fort, promising not to send warships unless these were blocked. This careful approach aimed to avoid war while not surrendering federal property. The Confederates, however, saw this as a challenge to their authority.
On April 12, 1861, Confederate troops opened fire on Fort Sumter, marking the official beginning of the Civil War. Union forces surrendered the next day, and Lincoln immediately called for 75,000 volunteer troops from each state to put down the rebellion.
Critical Moment: The Fort Sumter battle prompted four more states to secede - Tennessee, Arkansas, North Carolina, and Virginia - though western Virginians opposed secession and eventually formed their own Union-loyal state.
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The Border States Strategy
Lincoln quickly recognized the strategic importance of keeping the border states - slave states that hadn't seceded - in the Union. These states were crucial for multiple reasons: they protected Washington D.C., contained most of the South's manufacturing capacity, and included rivers that provided access deep into Confederate territory.
To maintain their loyalty, Lincoln carefully framed the war's purpose. He declared that the conflict wasn't about freeing enslaved people but about preserving the Union - a position designed to prevent further secession by slave-holding states that hadn't yet left.
This strategic approach shaped early Union war policy and helped Lincoln secure the border states' continued allegiance. His careful political maneuvering prevented the Confederacy from gaining additional territory and resources that might have dramatically changed the war's outcome.
Strategic Insight: Lincoln's focus on preserving the Union rather than ending slavery was a practical political strategy, not his personal moral position. This pragmatic approach helped keep the vital border states loyal.
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What is the Knowunity AI companion?
Our AI companion is specifically built for the needs of students. Based on the millions of content pieces we have on the platform we can provide truly meaningful and relevant answers to students. But its not only about answers, the companion is even more about guiding students through their daily learning challenges, with personalised study plans, quizzes or content pieces in the chat and 100% personalisation based on the students skills and developments.
Where can I download the Knowunity app?
You can download the app in the Google Play Store and in the Apple App Store.
Is Knowunity really free of charge?
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The app is very easy to use and well designed. I have found everything I was looking for so far and have been able to learn a lot from the presentations! I will definitely use the app for a class assignment! And of course it also helps a lot as an inspiration.
Stefan S
iOS user
This app is really great. There are so many study notes and help [...]. My problem subject is French, for example, and the app has so many options for help. Thanks to this app, I have improved my French. I would recommend it to anyone.
Samantha Klich
Android user
Wow, I am really amazed. I just tried the app because I've seen it advertised many times and was absolutely stunned. This app is THE HELP you want for school and above all, it offers so many things, such as workouts and fact sheets, which have been VERY helpful to me personally.
Anna
iOS user
I think it’s very much worth it and you’ll end up using it a lot once you get the hang of it and even after looking at others notes you can still ask your Artificial intelligence buddy the question and ask to simplify it if you still don’t get it!!! In the end I think it’s worth it 😊👍 ⚠️Also DID I MENTION ITS FREEE YOU DON’T HAVE TO PAY FOR ANYTHING AND STILL GET YOUR GRADES IN PERFECTLY❗️❗️⚠️
Thomas R
iOS user
Knowunity is the BEST app I’ve used in a minute. This is not an ai review or anything this is genuinely coming from a 7th grade student (I know 2011 im young) but dude this app is a 10/10 i have maintained a 3.8 gpa and have plenty of time for gaming. I love it and my mom is just happy I got good grades
Brad T
Android user
Not only did it help me find the answer but it also showed me alternative ways to solve it. I was horrible in math and science but now I have an a in both subjects. Thanks for the help🤍🤍
David K
iOS user
The app's just great! All I have to do is enter the topic in the search bar and I get the response real fast. I don't have to watch 10 YouTube videos to understand something, so I'm saving my time. Highly recommended!
Sudenaz Ocak
Android user
In school I was really bad at maths but thanks to the app, I am doing better now. I am so grateful that you made the app.
Greenlight Bonnie
Android user
I found this app a couple years ago and it has only gotten better since then. I really love it because it can help with written questions and photo questions. Also, it can find study guides that other people have made as well as flashcard sets and practice tests. The free version is also amazing for students who might not be able to afford it. Would 100% recommend
Aubrey
iOS user
Best app if you're in Highschool or Junior high. I have been using this app for 2 school years and it's the best, it's good if you don't have anyone to help you with school work.😋🩷🎀
Marco B
iOS user
THE QUIZES AND FLASHCARDS ARE SO USEFUL AND I LOVE THE SCHOOLGPT. IT ALSO IS LITREALLY LIKE CHATGPT BUT SMARTER!! HELPED ME WITH MY MASCARA PROBLEMS TOO!! AS WELL AS MY REAL SUBJECTS ! DUHHH 😍😁😲🤑💗✨🎀😮
Elisha
iOS user
This app is phenomenal down to the correct info and the various topics you can study! I greatly recommend it for people who struggle with procrastination and those who need homework help. It has been perfectly accurate for world 1 history as far as I’ve seen! Geometry too!
Paul T
iOS user
The app is very easy to use and well designed. I have found everything I was looking for so far and have been able to learn a lot from the presentations! I will definitely use the app for a class assignment! And of course it also helps a lot as an inspiration.
Stefan S
iOS user
This app is really great. There are so many study notes and help [...]. My problem subject is French, for example, and the app has so many options for help. Thanks to this app, I have improved my French. I would recommend it to anyone.
Samantha Klich
Android user
Wow, I am really amazed. I just tried the app because I've seen it advertised many times and was absolutely stunned. This app is THE HELP you want for school and above all, it offers so many things, such as workouts and fact sheets, which have been VERY helpful to me personally.
Anna
iOS user
I think it’s very much worth it and you’ll end up using it a lot once you get the hang of it and even after looking at others notes you can still ask your Artificial intelligence buddy the question and ask to simplify it if you still don’t get it!!! In the end I think it’s worth it 😊👍 ⚠️Also DID I MENTION ITS FREEE YOU DON’T HAVE TO PAY FOR ANYTHING AND STILL GET YOUR GRADES IN PERFECTLY❗️❗️⚠️
Thomas R
iOS user
Knowunity is the BEST app I’ve used in a minute. This is not an ai review or anything this is genuinely coming from a 7th grade student (I know 2011 im young) but dude this app is a 10/10 i have maintained a 3.8 gpa and have plenty of time for gaming. I love it and my mom is just happy I got good grades
Brad T
Android user
Not only did it help me find the answer but it also showed me alternative ways to solve it. I was horrible in math and science but now I have an a in both subjects. Thanks for the help🤍🤍
David K
iOS user
The app's just great! All I have to do is enter the topic in the search bar and I get the response real fast. I don't have to watch 10 YouTube videos to understand something, so I'm saving my time. Highly recommended!
Sudenaz Ocak
Android user
In school I was really bad at maths but thanks to the app, I am doing better now. I am so grateful that you made the app.
Greenlight Bonnie
Android user
I found this app a couple years ago and it has only gotten better since then. I really love it because it can help with written questions and photo questions. Also, it can find study guides that other people have made as well as flashcard sets and practice tests. The free version is also amazing for students who might not be able to afford it. Would 100% recommend
Aubrey
iOS user
Best app if you're in Highschool or Junior high. I have been using this app for 2 school years and it's the best, it's good if you don't have anyone to help you with school work.😋🩷🎀
Marco B
iOS user
THE QUIZES AND FLASHCARDS ARE SO USEFUL AND I LOVE THE SCHOOLGPT. IT ALSO IS LITREALLY LIKE CHATGPT BUT SMARTER!! HELPED ME WITH MY MASCARA PROBLEMS TOO!! AS WELL AS MY REAL SUBJECTS ! DUHHH 😍😁😲🤑💗✨🎀😮
Elisha
iOS user
This app is phenomenal down to the correct info and the various topics you can study! I greatly recommend it for people who struggle with procrastination and those who need homework help. It has been perfectly accurate for world 1 history as far as I’ve seen! Geometry too!
Paul T
iOS user