Zakaj se zgodovina uči v obdobjih in ne samo kot... Show more
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Updated Apr 12, 2026
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Pomen Časovnih Obdobij in Kronologije
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Kaj so časovna obdobja in kronologija?
Predstavljaj si, da bi moral povedati celotno svetovno zgodovino brez vsakršne organizacije - samo našteval bi letnice in dogodke. To bi bilo popoln kaos! Zato zgodovinarji zgodovino organizirajo v kronologijo (časovni vrstni red) in periodizacijo (delitev na obdobja).
Kronologija je kot časovni trak, ki postavlja vse dogodke v pravilen vrstni red. Brez tega ne moreš razumeti, kaj je povzročilo kaj. Periodizacija pa deli zgodovino na manjše koščke z podobnimi značilnostmi.
Ključni pojmi, ki jih moraš obvladati: mejnik je pomemben dogodek, ki loči eno obdobje od drugega (npr. padec Rima). Stoletje je 100 let, tisočletje pa 1000 let. Pazi - leto 1914 je že 20. stoletje, ne 19.!
Nasvet za teste: Pravilo za določanje stoletja je preprosto - prvima dvema številkama prišteješ 1 (razen pri "okroglih" letih kot 1500).
Velika delitev: prazgodovina in zgodovina
Zgodovina se najprej deli na dva velika dela. Prazgodovina je obdobje, ko ljudje še niso znali pisati - vse, kar vemo o tem času, izvemo iz arheoloških najdb kot so orodja, kosti in ostanki naselij.
Zgodovina se začne z iznajdbo pisave okoli 3500 pr. n. št. v Mezopotamiji. Od takrat naprej imamo pisne vire, ki nam veliko bolj natančno povedo, kaj se je dogajalo.
Ta prelomnica je zelo pomembna, ker pisava spremeni vse - ljudje lahko shranjujejo znanje, zakone, zgodbe in sporazume. Civilizacije postanejo veliko bolj organizirane.
Pozor na teste: Meja med prazgodovino in zgodovino NI fiksna letnica, ampak proces, ki se je dogajal postopno in na različnih koncih sveta v različnih časih.
Štiri glavna zgodovinska obdobja
Zgodovinsko dobo delimo na štiri obdobja, ki jih moraš popolnoma obvladati. Stari vek traja do padca Zahodnorimskega cesarstva (476) - čas antičnih civilizacij. Srednji vek (476-1492) je doba gradov, vitezov in fevdalizma.
Novi vek (1492-1914) se začne z odkritjem Amerike in prinese renesanso, reformacijo ter industrijsko revolucijo. To je čas velikih sprememb v znanosti in tehnologiji. Sodobnost se začne s prvo svetovno vojno.
Pri nas v šoli za mejo med novim vekom in sodobnostjo uporabljamo leto 1914, čeprav nekateri zgodovinarji raje jemljejo francosko revolucijo (1789). Za teste si zapomni 1914!
Pomembno: Ti mejniki so "evropocentrični" - temeljijo na evropski zgodovini. Kitajska ali Indija imata povsem drugačne periodizacije.
Praktični nasveti za obvladovanje kronologije
Določanje stoletja je preprosta matematika, ki jo moraš obvladati. Leto 1517 (reformacija): 15 + 1 = 16. stoletje. Leto 476: 4 + 1 = 5. stoletje. Pri "okroglih" letih pazi - leto 800 je še 8. stoletje, 801 pa že 9. stoletje.
Ko uvrščaš dogodke, vedno preveri letnico in poglej, v katero obdobje spada. Slovenski kmečki upor 1515 spada v novi vek, ker je med 1492 in 1914. Ustanovitev Emone leta 14 n. št. spada v stari vek.
Kronologija ni samo memoriranje datumov - gre za razumevanje vzrokov in posledic. Industrijska revolucija je omogočila razvoj orožja za prvo svetovno vojno. Vedno razmišljaj o tem, kako dogodki povezujemo.
Za uspeh na testih: Prehodi med obdobji niso ostri rezi! Renesansa je prehodna doba, ki ima značilnosti srednjega in novega veka hkrati.
We thought you’d never ask...
What is the Knowunity AI companion?
Our AI companion is specifically built for the needs of students. Based on the millions of content pieces we have on the platform we can provide truly meaningful and relevant answers to students. But its not only about answers, the companion is even more about guiding students through their daily learning challenges, with personalised study plans, quizzes or content pieces in the chat and 100% personalisation based on the students skills and developments.
Where can I download the Knowunity app?
You can download the app in the Google Play Store and in the Apple App Store.
Is Knowunity really free of charge?
That's right! Enjoy free access to study content, connect with fellow students, and get instant help – all at your fingertips.
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4.6/5
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4.7/5
Google Play
The app is very easy to use and well designed. I have found everything I was looking for so far and have been able to learn a lot from the presentations! I will definitely use the app for a class assignment! And of course it also helps a lot as an inspiration.
Stefan S
iOS user
This app is really great. There are so many study notes and help [...]. My problem subject is French, for example, and the app has so many options for help. Thanks to this app, I have improved my French. I would recommend it to anyone.
Samantha Klich
Android user
Wow, I am really amazed. I just tried the app because I've seen it advertised many times and was absolutely stunned. This app is THE HELP you want for school and above all, it offers so many things, such as workouts and fact sheets, which have been VERY helpful to me personally.
Anna
iOS user
I think it’s very much worth it and you’ll end up using it a lot once you get the hang of it and even after looking at others notes you can still ask your Artificial intelligence buddy the question and ask to simplify it if you still don’t get it!!! In the end I think it’s worth it 😊👍 ⚠️Also DID I MENTION ITS FREEE YOU DON’T HAVE TO PAY FOR ANYTHING AND STILL GET YOUR GRADES IN PERFECTLY❗️❗️⚠️
Thomas R
iOS user
Knowunity is the BEST app I’ve used in a minute. This is not an ai review or anything this is genuinely coming from a 7th grade student (I know 2011 im young) but dude this app is a 10/10 i have maintained a 3.8 gpa and have plenty of time for gaming. I love it and my mom is just happy I got good grades
Brad T
Android user
Not only did it help me find the answer but it also showed me alternative ways to solve it. I was horrible in math and science but now I have an a in both subjects. Thanks for the help🤍🤍
David K
iOS user
The app's just great! All I have to do is enter the topic in the search bar and I get the response real fast. I don't have to watch 10 YouTube videos to understand something, so I'm saving my time. Highly recommended!
Sudenaz Ocak
Android user
In school I was really bad at maths but thanks to the app, I am doing better now. I am so grateful that you made the app.
Greenlight Bonnie
Android user
I found this app a couple years ago and it has only gotten better since then. I really love it because it can help with written questions and photo questions. Also, it can find study guides that other people have made as well as flashcard sets and practice tests. The free version is also amazing for students who might not be able to afford it. Would 100% recommend
Aubrey
iOS user
Best app if you're in Highschool or Junior high. I have been using this app for 2 school years and it's the best, it's good if you don't have anyone to help you with school work.😋🩷🎀
Marco B
iOS user
THE QUIZES AND FLASHCARDS ARE SO USEFUL AND I LOVE Knowunity AI. IT ALSO IS LITREALLY LIKE CHATGPT BUT SMARTER!! HELPED ME WITH MY MASCARA PROBLEMS TOO!! AS WELL AS MY REAL SUBJECTS ! DUHHH 😍😁😲🤑💗✨🎀😮
Elisha
iOS user
This app is phenomenal down to the correct info and the various topics you can study! I greatly recommend it for people who struggle with procrastination and those who need homework help. It has been perfectly accurate for world 1 history as far as I’ve seen! Geometry too!
Paul T
iOS user
The app is very easy to use and well designed. I have found everything I was looking for so far and have been able to learn a lot from the presentations! I will definitely use the app for a class assignment! And of course it also helps a lot as an inspiration.
Stefan S
iOS user
This app is really great. There are so many study notes and help [...]. My problem subject is French, for example, and the app has so many options for help. Thanks to this app, I have improved my French. I would recommend it to anyone.
Samantha Klich
Android user
Wow, I am really amazed. I just tried the app because I've seen it advertised many times and was absolutely stunned. This app is THE HELP you want for school and above all, it offers so many things, such as workouts and fact sheets, which have been VERY helpful to me personally.
Anna
iOS user
I think it’s very much worth it and you’ll end up using it a lot once you get the hang of it and even after looking at others notes you can still ask your Artificial intelligence buddy the question and ask to simplify it if you still don’t get it!!! In the end I think it’s worth it 😊👍 ⚠️Also DID I MENTION ITS FREEE YOU DON’T HAVE TO PAY FOR ANYTHING AND STILL GET YOUR GRADES IN PERFECTLY❗️❗️⚠️
Thomas R
iOS user
Knowunity is the BEST app I’ve used in a minute. This is not an ai review or anything this is genuinely coming from a 7th grade student (I know 2011 im young) but dude this app is a 10/10 i have maintained a 3.8 gpa and have plenty of time for gaming. I love it and my mom is just happy I got good grades
Brad T
Android user
Not only did it help me find the answer but it also showed me alternative ways to solve it. I was horrible in math and science but now I have an a in both subjects. Thanks for the help🤍🤍
David K
iOS user
The app's just great! All I have to do is enter the topic in the search bar and I get the response real fast. I don't have to watch 10 YouTube videos to understand something, so I'm saving my time. Highly recommended!
Sudenaz Ocak
Android user
In school I was really bad at maths but thanks to the app, I am doing better now. I am so grateful that you made the app.
Greenlight Bonnie
Android user
I found this app a couple years ago and it has only gotten better since then. I really love it because it can help with written questions and photo questions. Also, it can find study guides that other people have made as well as flashcard sets and practice tests. The free version is also amazing for students who might not be able to afford it. Would 100% recommend
Aubrey
iOS user
Best app if you're in Highschool or Junior high. I have been using this app for 2 school years and it's the best, it's good if you don't have anyone to help you with school work.😋🩷🎀
Marco B
iOS user
THE QUIZES AND FLASHCARDS ARE SO USEFUL AND I LOVE Knowunity AI. IT ALSO IS LITREALLY LIKE CHATGPT BUT SMARTER!! HELPED ME WITH MY MASCARA PROBLEMS TOO!! AS WELL AS MY REAL SUBJECTS ! DUHHH 😍😁😲🤑💗✨🎀😮
Elisha
iOS user
This app is phenomenal down to the correct info and the various topics you can study! I greatly recommend it for people who struggle with procrastination and those who need homework help. It has been perfectly accurate for world 1 history as far as I’ve seen! Geometry too!
Paul T
iOS user
Pomen Časovnih Obdobij in Kronologije
Zakaj se zgodovina uči v obdobjih in ne samo kot dolg seznam datumov? Ker bi se sicer v tej množici informacij popolnoma izgubili! Kronologija in časovna obdobja so kot zemljevid za potovanje skozi preteklost.
Kaj so časovna obdobja in kronologija?
Predstavljaj si, da bi moral povedati celotno svetovno zgodovino brez vsakršne organizacije - samo našteval bi letnice in dogodke. To bi bilo popoln kaos! Zato zgodovinarji zgodovino organizirajo v kronologijo (časovni vrstni red) in periodizacijo (delitev na obdobja).
Kronologija je kot časovni trak, ki postavlja vse dogodke v pravilen vrstni red. Brez tega ne moreš razumeti, kaj je povzročilo kaj. Periodizacija pa deli zgodovino na manjše koščke z podobnimi značilnostmi.
Ključni pojmi, ki jih moraš obvladati: mejnik je pomemben dogodek, ki loči eno obdobje od drugega (npr. padec Rima). Stoletje je 100 let, tisočletje pa 1000 let. Pazi - leto 1914 je že 20. stoletje, ne 19.!
Nasvet za teste: Pravilo za določanje stoletja je preprosto - prvima dvema številkama prišteješ 1 (razen pri "okroglih" letih kot 1500).
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Velika delitev: prazgodovina in zgodovina
Zgodovina se najprej deli na dva velika dela. Prazgodovina je obdobje, ko ljudje še niso znali pisati - vse, kar vemo o tem času, izvemo iz arheoloških najdb kot so orodja, kosti in ostanki naselij.
Zgodovina se začne z iznajdbo pisave okoli 3500 pr. n. št. v Mezopotamiji. Od takrat naprej imamo pisne vire, ki nam veliko bolj natančno povedo, kaj se je dogajalo.
Ta prelomnica je zelo pomembna, ker pisava spremeni vse - ljudje lahko shranjujejo znanje, zakone, zgodbe in sporazume. Civilizacije postanejo veliko bolj organizirane.
Pozor na teste: Meja med prazgodovino in zgodovino NI fiksna letnica, ampak proces, ki se je dogajal postopno in na različnih koncih sveta v različnih časih.
Sign up to see the contentIt's free!
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Štiri glavna zgodovinska obdobja
Zgodovinsko dobo delimo na štiri obdobja, ki jih moraš popolnoma obvladati. Stari vek traja do padca Zahodnorimskega cesarstva (476) - čas antičnih civilizacij. Srednji vek (476-1492) je doba gradov, vitezov in fevdalizma.
Novi vek (1492-1914) se začne z odkritjem Amerike in prinese renesanso, reformacijo ter industrijsko revolucijo. To je čas velikih sprememb v znanosti in tehnologiji. Sodobnost se začne s prvo svetovno vojno.
Pri nas v šoli za mejo med novim vekom in sodobnostjo uporabljamo leto 1914, čeprav nekateri zgodovinarji raje jemljejo francosko revolucijo (1789). Za teste si zapomni 1914!
Pomembno: Ti mejniki so "evropocentrični" - temeljijo na evropski zgodovini. Kitajska ali Indija imata povsem drugačne periodizacije.
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Praktični nasveti za obvladovanje kronologije
Določanje stoletja je preprosta matematika, ki jo moraš obvladati. Leto 1517 (reformacija): 15 + 1 = 16. stoletje. Leto 476: 4 + 1 = 5. stoletje. Pri "okroglih" letih pazi - leto 800 je še 8. stoletje, 801 pa že 9. stoletje.
Ko uvrščaš dogodke, vedno preveri letnico in poglej, v katero obdobje spada. Slovenski kmečki upor 1515 spada v novi vek, ker je med 1492 in 1914. Ustanovitev Emone leta 14 n. št. spada v stari vek.
Kronologija ni samo memoriranje datumov - gre za razumevanje vzrokov in posledic. Industrijska revolucija je omogočila razvoj orožja za prvo svetovno vojno. Vedno razmišljaj o tem, kako dogodki povezujemo.
Za uspeh na testih: Prehodi med obdobji niso ostri rezi! Renesansa je prehodna doba, ki ima značilnosti srednjega in novega veka hkrati.
Sign up to see the contentIt's free!
Access to all documents
Improve your grades
Join milions of students
We thought you’d never ask...
What is the Knowunity AI companion?
Our AI companion is specifically built for the needs of students. Based on the millions of content pieces we have on the platform we can provide truly meaningful and relevant answers to students. But its not only about answers, the companion is even more about guiding students through their daily learning challenges, with personalised study plans, quizzes or content pieces in the chat and 100% personalisation based on the students skills and developments.
Where can I download the Knowunity app?
You can download the app in the Google Play Store and in the Apple App Store.
Is Knowunity really free of charge?
That's right! Enjoy free access to study content, connect with fellow students, and get instant help – all at your fingertips.
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Most popular content in Zgodovina
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Can't find what you're looking for? Explore other subjects.
Students love us — and so will you.
4.6/5
App Store
4.7/5
Google Play
The app is very easy to use and well designed. I have found everything I was looking for so far and have been able to learn a lot from the presentations! I will definitely use the app for a class assignment! And of course it also helps a lot as an inspiration.
Stefan S
iOS user
This app is really great. There are so many study notes and help [...]. My problem subject is French, for example, and the app has so many options for help. Thanks to this app, I have improved my French. I would recommend it to anyone.
Samantha Klich
Android user
Wow, I am really amazed. I just tried the app because I've seen it advertised many times and was absolutely stunned. This app is THE HELP you want for school and above all, it offers so many things, such as workouts and fact sheets, which have been VERY helpful to me personally.
Anna
iOS user
I think it’s very much worth it and you’ll end up using it a lot once you get the hang of it and even after looking at others notes you can still ask your Artificial intelligence buddy the question and ask to simplify it if you still don’t get it!!! In the end I think it’s worth it 😊👍 ⚠️Also DID I MENTION ITS FREEE YOU DON’T HAVE TO PAY FOR ANYTHING AND STILL GET YOUR GRADES IN PERFECTLY❗️❗️⚠️
Thomas R
iOS user
Knowunity is the BEST app I’ve used in a minute. This is not an ai review or anything this is genuinely coming from a 7th grade student (I know 2011 im young) but dude this app is a 10/10 i have maintained a 3.8 gpa and have plenty of time for gaming. I love it and my mom is just happy I got good grades
Brad T
Android user
Not only did it help me find the answer but it also showed me alternative ways to solve it. I was horrible in math and science but now I have an a in both subjects. Thanks for the help🤍🤍
David K
iOS user
The app's just great! All I have to do is enter the topic in the search bar and I get the response real fast. I don't have to watch 10 YouTube videos to understand something, so I'm saving my time. Highly recommended!
Sudenaz Ocak
Android user
In school I was really bad at maths but thanks to the app, I am doing better now. I am so grateful that you made the app.
Greenlight Bonnie
Android user
I found this app a couple years ago and it has only gotten better since then. I really love it because it can help with written questions and photo questions. Also, it can find study guides that other people have made as well as flashcard sets and practice tests. The free version is also amazing for students who might not be able to afford it. Would 100% recommend
Aubrey
iOS user
Best app if you're in Highschool or Junior high. I have been using this app for 2 school years and it's the best, it's good if you don't have anyone to help you with school work.😋🩷🎀
Marco B
iOS user
THE QUIZES AND FLASHCARDS ARE SO USEFUL AND I LOVE Knowunity AI. IT ALSO IS LITREALLY LIKE CHATGPT BUT SMARTER!! HELPED ME WITH MY MASCARA PROBLEMS TOO!! AS WELL AS MY REAL SUBJECTS ! DUHHH 😍😁😲🤑💗✨🎀😮
Elisha
iOS user
This app is phenomenal down to the correct info and the various topics you can study! I greatly recommend it for people who struggle with procrastination and those who need homework help. It has been perfectly accurate for world 1 history as far as I’ve seen! Geometry too!
Paul T
iOS user
The app is very easy to use and well designed. I have found everything I was looking for so far and have been able to learn a lot from the presentations! I will definitely use the app for a class assignment! And of course it also helps a lot as an inspiration.
Stefan S
iOS user
This app is really great. There are so many study notes and help [...]. My problem subject is French, for example, and the app has so many options for help. Thanks to this app, I have improved my French. I would recommend it to anyone.
Samantha Klich
Android user
Wow, I am really amazed. I just tried the app because I've seen it advertised many times and was absolutely stunned. This app is THE HELP you want for school and above all, it offers so many things, such as workouts and fact sheets, which have been VERY helpful to me personally.
Anna
iOS user
I think it’s very much worth it and you’ll end up using it a lot once you get the hang of it and even after looking at others notes you can still ask your Artificial intelligence buddy the question and ask to simplify it if you still don’t get it!!! In the end I think it’s worth it 😊👍 ⚠️Also DID I MENTION ITS FREEE YOU DON’T HAVE TO PAY FOR ANYTHING AND STILL GET YOUR GRADES IN PERFECTLY❗️❗️⚠️
Thomas R
iOS user
Knowunity is the BEST app I’ve used in a minute. This is not an ai review or anything this is genuinely coming from a 7th grade student (I know 2011 im young) but dude this app is a 10/10 i have maintained a 3.8 gpa and have plenty of time for gaming. I love it and my mom is just happy I got good grades
Brad T
Android user
Not only did it help me find the answer but it also showed me alternative ways to solve it. I was horrible in math and science but now I have an a in both subjects. Thanks for the help🤍🤍
David K
iOS user
The app's just great! All I have to do is enter the topic in the search bar and I get the response real fast. I don't have to watch 10 YouTube videos to understand something, so I'm saving my time. Highly recommended!
Sudenaz Ocak
Android user
In school I was really bad at maths but thanks to the app, I am doing better now. I am so grateful that you made the app.
Greenlight Bonnie
Android user
I found this app a couple years ago and it has only gotten better since then. I really love it because it can help with written questions and photo questions. Also, it can find study guides that other people have made as well as flashcard sets and practice tests. The free version is also amazing for students who might not be able to afford it. Would 100% recommend
Aubrey
iOS user
Best app if you're in Highschool or Junior high. I have been using this app for 2 school years and it's the best, it's good if you don't have anyone to help you with school work.😋🩷🎀
Marco B
iOS user
THE QUIZES AND FLASHCARDS ARE SO USEFUL AND I LOVE Knowunity AI. IT ALSO IS LITREALLY LIKE CHATGPT BUT SMARTER!! HELPED ME WITH MY MASCARA PROBLEMS TOO!! AS WELL AS MY REAL SUBJECTS ! DUHHH 😍😁😲🤑💗✨🎀😮
Elisha
iOS user
This app is phenomenal down to the correct info and the various topics you can study! I greatly recommend it for people who struggle with procrastination and those who need homework help. It has been perfectly accurate for world 1 history as far as I’ve seen! Geometry too!
Paul T
iOS user