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Understanding Titration Curves: Strong Acid vs. Strong Base and How They Change pH

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Laila

2/5/2023

Chemistry

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Understanding Titration Curves: Strong Acid vs. Strong Base and How They Change pH

A titration curve of strong acid and strong base shows the gradual change in pH as one solution is added to another, helping us understand acid-base reactions.

The curve begins when a strong base like sodium hydroxide (NaOH) is slowly added to a strong acid like hydrochloric acid (HCl). At first, the pH stays very low around 1-3 as the acid is still in excess. As more base is added, the pH starts to rise gradually. When we reach the equivalence point - where the moles of acid exactly equal the moles of base - there's a dramatic jump in pH. This sharp vertical rise is characteristic of strong acid-strong base titrations, with the equivalence point occurring at pH 7.

When we investigate pH changes in acid-base titrations, we see different patterns depending on the strength of the acid and base used. The effect of weak acid strong base titration on pH produces a curve that's more gradual compared to strong acid-strong base titrations. With weak acids, we see a buffer region where the pH changes very slowly despite adding more base. This happens because weak acids only partially dissociate in water, creating a mixture of acid and its conjugate base that resists pH changes. The equivalence point also occurs at a pH above 7, typically around 8-10, because the salt formed from a weak acid and strong base undergoes hydrolysis. Understanding these differences helps chemists choose appropriate indicators and determine unknown concentrations accurately. The shape and features of titration curves provide valuable information about the strength of acids and bases, their concentrations, and the progress of neutralization reactions.

...

2/5/2023

158

pH
16
8
6
11
7
5
9
13
12
14
5
x
10
Strong base +
15
20
Weak acel
25
X
3
Base added /cm ³
30
35
40
Ov
W
Vi
a
e PH
12
10
8
6
4
4
Strons, asiel

View

Practical Investigation of pH Changes in Titrations

To investigate pH changes in acid-base titrations, precise measurements and careful experimental technique are essential. The process requires proper calibration of pH meters and systematic addition of titrant.

Highlight: Calibration using standard buffer solutions pH4.00,7.00,and9.20pH 4.00, 7.00, and 9.20 ensures accurate pH measurements throughout the titration process.

The experimental setup typically includes:

  • Calibrated pH meter or probe
  • Burettes for precise volume measurements
  • Appropriate concentration of solutions usually0.1Musually 0.1 M
  • Stirring apparatus for thorough mixing

When conducting the titration, small volume increments 0.22.0cm30.2-2.0 cm³ of base are added to the acid solution while monitoring pH changes. This allows for detailed plotting of the titration curve and accurate determination of the equivalence point.

Vocabulary: The equivalence point represents the exact moment when stoichiometrically equivalent amounts of acid and base have reacted.

pH
16
8
6
11
7
5
9
13
12
14
5
x
10
Strong base +
15
20
Weak acel
25
X
3
Base added /cm ³
30
35
40
Ov
W
Vi
a
e PH
12
10
8
6
4
4
Strons, asiel

View

Safety Considerations in Acid-Base Titrations

Laboratory safety is paramount when working with acids and bases. Proper protective equipment and careful handling procedures must be followed to prevent accidents and ensure accurate results.

Definition: Corrosive substances are materials that can cause severe damage to living tissue through chemical action.

Key safety measures include:

  • Wearing splash-proof goggles and appropriate protective clothing
  • Using fume hoods when working with concentrated solutions
  • Proper handling and disposal of glassware
  • Immediate washing with water if skin contact occurs

The risk assessment should consider specific hazards associated with each chemical used. For example, sodium hydroxide requires extra caution due to its highly corrosive nature, while weak acids like ethanoic acid present lower but still significant risks.

Highlight: Always have access to eyewash stations and safety showers when handling corrosive substances.

pH
16
8
6
11
7
5
9
13
12
14
5
x
10
Strong base +
15
20
Weak acel
25
X
3
Base added /cm ³
30
35
40
Ov
W
Vi
a
e PH
12
10
8
6
4
4
Strons, asiel

View

Data Analysis and Interpretation

Accurate data collection and interpretation are crucial for understanding titration behavior. Results should be recorded systematically and analyzed carefully to draw meaningful conclusions.

Example: In a typical weak acid-strong base titration, pH readings might progress as follows:

  • Initial pH: 3.80 pureweakacidpure weak acid
  • Buffer region: pH 4.54-5.82 gradualincreasegradual increase
  • Equivalence point: sharp increase to pH 8-9
  • Post-equivalence: gradual increase to pH >10

The data should be plotted carefully to create smooth titration curves. Multiple trials ensure reliability and allow for calculation of experimental error. Particular attention should be paid to the equivalence point region, where the most dramatic pH changes occur.

Highlight: The shape and position of the equivalence point provide valuable information about the strength of the acids and bases involved in the titration.

pH
16
8
6
11
7
5
9
13
12
14
5
x
10
Strong base +
15
20
Weak acel
25
X
3
Base added /cm ³
30
35
40
Ov
W
Vi
a
e PH
12
10
8
6
4
4
Strons, asiel

View

Understanding Acid-Base Titration Curves and pH Changes

A thorough understanding of titration curve of strong acid and strong base reactions is essential for mastering chemical analysis. When acids and bases react, they produce distinct pH patterns that can be visualized through titration curves.

Definition: A titration curve is a graphical representation showing how pH changes as one solution titranttitrant is gradually added to another solution analyteanalyte.

The shape of titration curves varies significantly depending on the strength of the acids and bases involved. For strong acid-strong base titrations, the curve shows a sharp vertical jump at the equivalence point, reaching pH 7. This occurs because the H+ from the acid and OH- from the base combine in exact proportions to form water.

When examining the effect of weak acid strong base titration on pH, the curve appears different. The pH changes more gradually initially due to the buffer region created by the weak acid and its conjugate base. At the equivalence point, the solution becomes basic pH>7pH > 7 because the conjugate base of the weak acid undergoes hydrolysis.

Example: When titrating ethanoic acid CH3COOHCH₃COOH with sodium hydroxide NaOHNaOH, the pH starts around 3-4 and gradually increases until reaching approximately pH 8-9 at the equivalence point.

pH
16
8
6
11
7
5
9
13
12
14
5
x
10
Strong base +
15
20
Weak acel
25
X
3
Base added /cm ³
30
35
40
Ov
W
Vi
a
e PH
12
10
8
6
4
4
Strons, asiel

View

Understanding pH Changes in Strong and Weak Acid-Base Titrations

When we investigate pH changes in acid-base titrations, the resulting data reveals important patterns about how acids and bases interact. The titration curve of strong acid and strong base shows distinctive characteristics that help us understand neutralization reactions. As base is added to an acidic solution, the pH changes follow a predictable pattern, starting from low values around 1-2 and eventually reaching basic pH levels above 12.

Definition: A titration curve plots pH against the volume of titrant added, showing how acidity changes during the neutralization process.

The data shows that during the initial stages of titration 018mLofbaseadded0-18 mL of base added, pH changes are gradual. However, near the equivalence point around1921mLaround 19-21 mL, there's a dramatic jump in pH values. This sharp increase indicates the point where the moles of acid and base are equal. After the equivalence point, additional base causes smaller increases in pH as the solution becomes increasingly basic.

The effect of weak acid strong base titration on pH produces a different curve shape compared to strong acid-strong base titrations. In weak acid titrations, we observe a more gradual pH change near the equivalence point due to the buffering effect of the weak acid and its conjugate base. The data shows pH values starting around 3-4 and rising more steadily throughout the titration process.

Highlight: The equivalence point in acid-base titrations is marked by a rapid change in pH, but this change is more dramatic for strong acid-strong base combinations compared to weak acid-strong base systems.

pH
16
8
6
11
7
5
9
13
12
14
5
x
10
Strong base +
15
20
Weak acel
25
X
3
Base added /cm ³
30
35
40
Ov
W
Vi
a
e PH
12
10
8
6
4
4
Strons, asiel

View

Analyzing Buffer Regions and Endpoint Detection in Titrations

Buffer regions play a crucial role in controlling pH changes during titrations. The data demonstrates how buffer solutions resist pH changes when small amounts of acid or base are added. This is particularly evident in the weak acid titration results, where pH changes are more gradual compared to strong acid systems.

Example: In the weak acid titration data, adding base between 14-18 mL shows smaller pH changes around0.20.3unitsaround 0.2-0.3 units compared to the same volume addition in strong acid titrations changesof12pHunitschanges of 1-2 pH units.

The endpoint detection becomes more challenging in weak acid-strong base titrations due to the less dramatic pH change. The data shows that while strong acid-strong base titrations have a clear vertical jump in pH at the endpoint, weak acid systems show a more gradual increase. This difference affects the choice of indicators and the precision of endpoint detection.

Multiple trials help ensure accuracy in pH measurements. The experimental data includes repeated measurements, showing variations between tests that typically fall within 0.2-0.3 pH units. This repetition helps establish reliable average values and identifies potential sources of experimental error.

Vocabulary: The equivalence point represents the theoretical point where stoichiometrically equivalent amounts of acid and base have been combined, while the endpoint is the experimentally observed color change of an indicator.

pH
16
8
6
11
7
5
9
13
12
14
5
x
10
Strong base +
15
20
Weak acel
25
X
3
Base added /cm ³
30
35
40
Ov
W
Vi
a
e PH
12
10
8
6
4
4
Strons, asiel

View

Introduction and Theory

This section outlines the fundamental concepts behind acid-base titrations and their pH changes. The practical focuses on investigating reactions between weak acids with strong bases and strong acids with weak bases.

Definition: A titration is a technique where a solution of known concentration titranttitrant is added to a solution being studied analyteanalyte to determine its concentration.

Highlight: The equivalence point occurs when titrant and analyte are present in stoichiometric amounts, often indicated by a dramatic pH change.

Example: In a strong acid-strong base titration likeHClandNaOHlike HCl and NaOH, the pH at equivalence point is exactly 7.

Vocabulary: Titration curve - A graphical representation showing pH changes during a titration process.

The introduction provides detailed explanations of three types of titrations:

  1. Weak base-strong acid titrations resultinginacidicsolutionsresulting in acidic solutions
  2. Strong base-weak acid titrations resultinginalkalinesolutionsresulting in alkaline solutions
  3. Strong acid-strong base titrations resultinginneutralsolutionsresulting in neutral solutions
pH
16
8
6
11
7
5
9
13
12
14
5
x
10
Strong base +
15
20
Weak acel
25
X
3
Base added /cm ³
30
35
40
Ov
W
Vi
a
e PH
12
10
8
6
4
4
Strons, asiel

View

pH
16
8
6
11
7
5
9
13
12
14
5
x
10
Strong base +
15
20
Weak acel
25
X
3
Base added /cm ³
30
35
40
Ov
W
Vi
a
e PH
12
10
8
6
4
4
Strons, asiel

View

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Chemistry

158

Feb 5, 2023

13 pages

Understanding Titration Curves: Strong Acid vs. Strong Base and How They Change pH

user profile picture

Laila

@lailaaa__

A titration curve of strong acid and strong base shows the gradual change in pH as one solution is added to another, helping us understand acid-base reactions.

The curve begins when a strong base like sodium hydroxide (NaOH) is slowly... Show more

pH
16
8
6
11
7
5
9
13
12
14
5
x
10
Strong base +
15
20
Weak acel
25
X
3
Base added /cm ³
30
35
40
Ov
W
Vi
a
e PH
12
10
8
6
4
4
Strons, asiel

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Practical Investigation of pH Changes in Titrations

To investigate pH changes in acid-base titrations, precise measurements and careful experimental technique are essential. The process requires proper calibration of pH meters and systematic addition of titrant.

Highlight: Calibration using standard buffer solutions pH4.00,7.00,and9.20pH 4.00, 7.00, and 9.20 ensures accurate pH measurements throughout the titration process.

The experimental setup typically includes:

  • Calibrated pH meter or probe
  • Burettes for precise volume measurements
  • Appropriate concentration of solutions usually0.1Musually 0.1 M
  • Stirring apparatus for thorough mixing

When conducting the titration, small volume increments 0.22.0cm30.2-2.0 cm³ of base are added to the acid solution while monitoring pH changes. This allows for detailed plotting of the titration curve and accurate determination of the equivalence point.

Vocabulary: The equivalence point represents the exact moment when stoichiometrically equivalent amounts of acid and base have reacted.

pH
16
8
6
11
7
5
9
13
12
14
5
x
10
Strong base +
15
20
Weak acel
25
X
3
Base added /cm ³
30
35
40
Ov
W
Vi
a
e PH
12
10
8
6
4
4
Strons, asiel

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Safety Considerations in Acid-Base Titrations

Laboratory safety is paramount when working with acids and bases. Proper protective equipment and careful handling procedures must be followed to prevent accidents and ensure accurate results.

Definition: Corrosive substances are materials that can cause severe damage to living tissue through chemical action.

Key safety measures include:

  • Wearing splash-proof goggles and appropriate protective clothing
  • Using fume hoods when working with concentrated solutions
  • Proper handling and disposal of glassware
  • Immediate washing with water if skin contact occurs

The risk assessment should consider specific hazards associated with each chemical used. For example, sodium hydroxide requires extra caution due to its highly corrosive nature, while weak acids like ethanoic acid present lower but still significant risks.

Highlight: Always have access to eyewash stations and safety showers when handling corrosive substances.

pH
16
8
6
11
7
5
9
13
12
14
5
x
10
Strong base +
15
20
Weak acel
25
X
3
Base added /cm ³
30
35
40
Ov
W
Vi
a
e PH
12
10
8
6
4
4
Strons, asiel

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Data Analysis and Interpretation

Accurate data collection and interpretation are crucial for understanding titration behavior. Results should be recorded systematically and analyzed carefully to draw meaningful conclusions.

Example: In a typical weak acid-strong base titration, pH readings might progress as follows:

  • Initial pH: 3.80 pureweakacidpure weak acid
  • Buffer region: pH 4.54-5.82 gradualincreasegradual increase
  • Equivalence point: sharp increase to pH 8-9
  • Post-equivalence: gradual increase to pH >10

The data should be plotted carefully to create smooth titration curves. Multiple trials ensure reliability and allow for calculation of experimental error. Particular attention should be paid to the equivalence point region, where the most dramatic pH changes occur.

Highlight: The shape and position of the equivalence point provide valuable information about the strength of the acids and bases involved in the titration.

pH
16
8
6
11
7
5
9
13
12
14
5
x
10
Strong base +
15
20
Weak acel
25
X
3
Base added /cm ³
30
35
40
Ov
W
Vi
a
e PH
12
10
8
6
4
4
Strons, asiel

Sign up to see the contentIt's free!

Access to all documents

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Understanding Acid-Base Titration Curves and pH Changes

A thorough understanding of titration curve of strong acid and strong base reactions is essential for mastering chemical analysis. When acids and bases react, they produce distinct pH patterns that can be visualized through titration curves.

Definition: A titration curve is a graphical representation showing how pH changes as one solution titranttitrant is gradually added to another solution analyteanalyte.

The shape of titration curves varies significantly depending on the strength of the acids and bases involved. For strong acid-strong base titrations, the curve shows a sharp vertical jump at the equivalence point, reaching pH 7. This occurs because the H+ from the acid and OH- from the base combine in exact proportions to form water.

When examining the effect of weak acid strong base titration on pH, the curve appears different. The pH changes more gradually initially due to the buffer region created by the weak acid and its conjugate base. At the equivalence point, the solution becomes basic pH>7pH > 7 because the conjugate base of the weak acid undergoes hydrolysis.

Example: When titrating ethanoic acid CH3COOHCH₃COOH with sodium hydroxide NaOHNaOH, the pH starts around 3-4 and gradually increases until reaching approximately pH 8-9 at the equivalence point.

pH
16
8
6
11
7
5
9
13
12
14
5
x
10
Strong base +
15
20
Weak acel
25
X
3
Base added /cm ³
30
35
40
Ov
W
Vi
a
e PH
12
10
8
6
4
4
Strons, asiel

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Understanding pH Changes in Strong and Weak Acid-Base Titrations

When we investigate pH changes in acid-base titrations, the resulting data reveals important patterns about how acids and bases interact. The titration curve of strong acid and strong base shows distinctive characteristics that help us understand neutralization reactions. As base is added to an acidic solution, the pH changes follow a predictable pattern, starting from low values around 1-2 and eventually reaching basic pH levels above 12.

Definition: A titration curve plots pH against the volume of titrant added, showing how acidity changes during the neutralization process.

The data shows that during the initial stages of titration 018mLofbaseadded0-18 mL of base added, pH changes are gradual. However, near the equivalence point around1921mLaround 19-21 mL, there's a dramatic jump in pH values. This sharp increase indicates the point where the moles of acid and base are equal. After the equivalence point, additional base causes smaller increases in pH as the solution becomes increasingly basic.

The effect of weak acid strong base titration on pH produces a different curve shape compared to strong acid-strong base titrations. In weak acid titrations, we observe a more gradual pH change near the equivalence point due to the buffering effect of the weak acid and its conjugate base. The data shows pH values starting around 3-4 and rising more steadily throughout the titration process.

Highlight: The equivalence point in acid-base titrations is marked by a rapid change in pH, but this change is more dramatic for strong acid-strong base combinations compared to weak acid-strong base systems.

pH
16
8
6
11
7
5
9
13
12
14
5
x
10
Strong base +
15
20
Weak acel
25
X
3
Base added /cm ³
30
35
40
Ov
W
Vi
a
e PH
12
10
8
6
4
4
Strons, asiel

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Analyzing Buffer Regions and Endpoint Detection in Titrations

Buffer regions play a crucial role in controlling pH changes during titrations. The data demonstrates how buffer solutions resist pH changes when small amounts of acid or base are added. This is particularly evident in the weak acid titration results, where pH changes are more gradual compared to strong acid systems.

Example: In the weak acid titration data, adding base between 14-18 mL shows smaller pH changes around0.20.3unitsaround 0.2-0.3 units compared to the same volume addition in strong acid titrations changesof12pHunitschanges of 1-2 pH units.

The endpoint detection becomes more challenging in weak acid-strong base titrations due to the less dramatic pH change. The data shows that while strong acid-strong base titrations have a clear vertical jump in pH at the endpoint, weak acid systems show a more gradual increase. This difference affects the choice of indicators and the precision of endpoint detection.

Multiple trials help ensure accuracy in pH measurements. The experimental data includes repeated measurements, showing variations between tests that typically fall within 0.2-0.3 pH units. This repetition helps establish reliable average values and identifies potential sources of experimental error.

Vocabulary: The equivalence point represents the theoretical point where stoichiometrically equivalent amounts of acid and base have been combined, while the endpoint is the experimentally observed color change of an indicator.

pH
16
8
6
11
7
5
9
13
12
14
5
x
10
Strong base +
15
20
Weak acel
25
X
3
Base added /cm ³
30
35
40
Ov
W
Vi
a
e PH
12
10
8
6
4
4
Strons, asiel

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Introduction and Theory

This section outlines the fundamental concepts behind acid-base titrations and their pH changes. The practical focuses on investigating reactions between weak acids with strong bases and strong acids with weak bases.

Definition: A titration is a technique where a solution of known concentration titranttitrant is added to a solution being studied analyteanalyte to determine its concentration.

Highlight: The equivalence point occurs when titrant and analyte are present in stoichiometric amounts, often indicated by a dramatic pH change.

Example: In a strong acid-strong base titration likeHClandNaOHlike HCl and NaOH, the pH at equivalence point is exactly 7.

Vocabulary: Titration curve - A graphical representation showing pH changes during a titration process.

The introduction provides detailed explanations of three types of titrations:

  1. Weak base-strong acid titrations resultinginacidicsolutionsresulting in acidic solutions
  2. Strong base-weak acid titrations resultinginalkalinesolutionsresulting in alkaline solutions
  3. Strong acid-strong base titrations resultinginneutralsolutionsresulting in neutral solutions
pH
16
8
6
11
7
5
9
13
12
14
5
x
10
Strong base +
15
20
Weak acel
25
X
3
Base added /cm ³
30
35
40
Ov
W
Vi
a
e PH
12
10
8
6
4
4
Strons, asiel

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pH
16
8
6
11
7
5
9
13
12
14
5
x
10
Strong base +
15
20
Weak acel
25
X
3
Base added /cm ³
30
35
40
Ov
W
Vi
a
e PH
12
10
8
6
4
4
Strons, asiel

Sign up to see the contentIt's free!

Access to all documents

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Join milions of students

By signing up you accept Terms of Service and Privacy Policy

pH
16
8
6
11
7
5
9
13
12
14
5
x
10
Strong base +
15
20
Weak acel
25
X
3
Base added /cm ³
30
35
40
Ov
W
Vi
a
e PH
12
10
8
6
4
4
Strons, asiel

Sign up to see the contentIt's free!

Access to all documents

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Elisha

iOS user

This app is phenomenal down to the correct info and the various topics you can study! I greatly recommend it for people who struggle with procrastination and those who need homework help. It has been perfectly accurate for world 1 history as far as I’ve seen! Geometry too!

Paul T

iOS user

The app is very easy to use and well designed. I have found everything I was looking for so far and have been able to learn a lot from the presentations! I will definitely use the app for a class assignment! And of course it also helps a lot as an inspiration.

Stefan S

iOS user

This app is really great. There are so many study notes and help [...]. My problem subject is French, for example, and the app has so many options for help. Thanks to this app, I have improved my French. I would recommend it to anyone.

Samantha Klich

Android user

Wow, I am really amazed. I just tried the app because I've seen it advertised many times and was absolutely stunned. This app is THE HELP you want for school and above all, it offers so many things, such as workouts and fact sheets, which have been VERY helpful to me personally.

Anna

iOS user

I think it’s very much worth it and you’ll end up using it a lot once you get the hang of it and even after looking at others notes you can still ask your Artificial intelligence buddy the question and ask to simplify it if you still don’t get it!!! In the end I think it’s worth it 😊👍 ⚠️Also DID I MENTION ITS FREEE YOU DON’T HAVE TO PAY FOR ANYTHING AND STILL GET YOUR GRADES IN PERFECTLY❗️❗️⚠️

Thomas R

iOS user

Knowunity is the BEST app I’ve used in a minute. This is not an ai review or anything this is genuinely coming from a 7th grade student (I know 2011 im young) but dude this app is a 10/10 i have maintained a 3.8 gpa and have plenty of time for gaming. I love it and my mom is just happy I got good grades

Brad T

Android user

Not only did it help me find the answer but it also showed me alternative ways to solve it. I was horrible in math and science but now I have an a in both subjects. Thanks for the help🤍🤍

David K

iOS user

The app's just great! All I have to do is enter the topic in the search bar and I get the response real fast. I don't have to watch 10 YouTube videos to understand something, so I'm saving my time. Highly recommended!

Sudenaz Ocak

Android user

In school I was really bad at maths but thanks to the app, I am doing better now. I am so grateful that you made the app.

Greenlight Bonnie

Android user

I found this app a couple years ago and it has only gotten better since then. I really love it because it can help with written questions and photo questions. Also, it can find study guides that other people have made as well as flashcard sets and practice tests. The free version is also amazing for students who might not be able to afford it. Would 100% recommend

Aubrey

iOS user

Best app if you're in Highschool or Junior high. I have been using this app for 2 school years and it's the best, it's good if you don't have anyone to help you with school work.😋🩷🎀

Marco B

iOS user

THE QUIZES AND FLASHCARDS ARE SO USEFUL AND I LOVE THE SCHOOLGPT. IT ALSO IS LITREALLY LIKE CHATGPT BUT SMARTER!! HELPED ME WITH MY MASCARA PROBLEMS TOO!! AS WELL AS MY REAL SUBJECTS ! DUHHH 😍😁😲🤑💗✨🎀😮

Elisha

iOS user

This app is phenomenal down to the correct info and the various topics you can study! I greatly recommend it for people who struggle with procrastination and those who need homework help. It has been perfectly accurate for world 1 history as far as I’ve seen! Geometry too!

Paul T

iOS user