The Urban Frontier
The late 19th century saw a dramatic shift towards urbanization in America, driven by technological advancements and economic opportunities. Apush chapter 25 american pageant notes pdf highlight the key factors that contributed to this urban growth.
Skyscrapers and electric elevators revolutionized city architecture, allowing for vertical expansion. Louis Sullivan played a crucial role in popularizing skyscraper design. The rise of public transportation systems transformed Americans into commuters, facilitating urban sprawl.
Industrial jobs, engineering marvels, and the allure of city life drew rural populations to urban centers. Department stores emerged as symbols of the new consumer culture, though this shift also brought challenges like increased waste production.
Highlight: The rapid urbanization led to significant social issues, including rising crime rates, the proliferation of slums, and widespread poverty.
The New Immigration
The 1880s marked a significant shift in immigration patterns, with a new wave of immigrants arriving from Southern and Eastern Europe. This period is crucial for understanding the European immigration to America 1900s.
These new immigrants often arrived illiterate and impoverished, facing numerous challenges in their adopted homeland. Several factors contributed to this immigration wave:
- Urbanization in Europe
- The glorification of America compared to their home countries
- Persecution of minorities in Europe
Definition: New immigrants apush definition refers to the wave of immigrants from Southern and Eastern Europe who arrived in the United States between 1880 and 1920, distinct from earlier Northern and Western European immigrants.
Many of these immigrants struggled to preserve their traditional cultures while adapting to American life.
Narrowing the Welcome Mat
The influx of new immigrants sparked a nativist reaction among some Americans, leading to efforts to restrict immigration. This period is crucial for understanding the Immigration apush definition and its impact on American society.
Nativists feared cultural and ethnic changes, as well as the spread of dangerous ideologies. The American Protective Association (APA), founded in 1887, urged voters to oppose Roman Catholic candidates.
Example: Congress enacted several pieces of legislation to restrict immigration, reflecting growing nativist sentiment.
Organized labor faced challenges in integrating immigrants into their movements, often struggling with issues of inclusion and representation.
Churches Confront the Urban Challenge
The shift towards urbanization posed significant challenges for traditional Protestant churches, while Roman Catholic and Jewish faiths gained followers through immigration.
Vocabulary: Urbanization apush definition refers to the process of population concentration in cities and the resulting social changes.
Dwight Lyman Moody emerged as an influential urban revivalist, adapting old-time religion to city life. The Young Men's and Women's Christian Associations also played a role in addressing urban spiritual needs.