How Trains Changed: Interstate Commerce Act, Edison's Cool Inventions, and Vanderbilt's Railways

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Bailey Kurtz

9/15/2023

AP US History

Chapter 22: The Industrial Era Dawns

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AP US History

The Gilded Age (1865-1898)

The Gilded Age

How Trains Changed: Interstate Commerce Act, Edison's Cool Inventions, and Vanderbilt's Railways

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The Industrial Era (1865-1900) marked a transformative period in American economic history, characterized by rapid industrialization, monopolistic business practices, and significant technological advancements.

• The role of Cornelius Vanderbilt in American railway expansion set the foundation for nationwide railroad networks
• The impact of the Interstate Commerce Act on railroad industry established crucial regulations and fair practices
• Thomas Alva Edison's inventions and their significance revolutionized daily life through innovations like the light bulb
• Major industrial titans like Carnegie and Rockefeller shaped American capitalism through various integration strategies
• Labor movements emerged to protect workers' rights and improve working conditions

...

9/15/2023

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Chapter 22:
Key Terms & People to Know:
HELPER
The Industrial Era Dawns
1865-1900
Wabash, St Louis! Pacific - A Supreme Court case that wa

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Railroad Expansion and Innovation

The second chapter details the explosive growth of America's railroad system and its key innovators. The government's role in supporting railroad expansion through land grants and subsidies was crucial for national development.

Quote: "By 1900, there were 192,556 miles of railroad tracks, compared to just 35,000 miles in 1865."

Highlight: Congress provided over 204 million acres of land to railroad companies as incentives for expansion.

Example: The Credit Mobilier construction company received 20 miles of land for every mile of track laid, plus federal loans.

Definition: The Bessemer Process, discovered by William Kelly in the 1850s, revolutionized steel production by using cold air blown on red-hot iron to eliminate impurities.

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Industrial Innovation and Leadership

The third chapter focuses on the technological advancements and industrial leaders who shaped the era. The period saw remarkable innovations in communication and manufacturing.

Highlight: Thomas Edison's inventions, particularly the light bulb and phonograph, transformed American society.

Example: Alexander Graham Bell's telephone invention revolutionized long-distance communication.

Definition: Social Darwinists were theorists who believed that individuals achieved their social status through natural competition and inherent abilities.

Quote: "The completion of the transcontinental railroad was one of America's most impressive undertakings, connecting the Union to the west and facilitating trade with Asia."

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Railroad Development and National Impact

The transformation of America's transportation infrastructure through railroad expansion and technological improvements marked this era.

Highlight: The introduction of steel rails and standardized track widths revolutionized railroad efficiency and safety.

Example: The Pullman Palace Cars represented luxury rail travel in the 1860s.

Definition: The Westinghouse air brake significantly improved both railroad safety and operational efficiency.

Vocabulary: Integrated national market - A unified economic system connected by transportation networks.

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Industrial Consolidation and Steel Dominance

This section details the rise of industrial monopolies and the dominance of the steel industry.

Example: Carnegie's vertical integration strategy controlled every aspect of steel production.

Highlight: Rockefeller's Standard Oil achieved near-total control of the global petroleum market through horizontal integration.

Definition: Interlocking directorates allowed business leaders to maintain control across multiple companies.

Quote: "Steel held together the new civilizations, from skyscrapers to coal scuttles."

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Subjects

AP US History

The Gilded Age (1865-1898)

The Gilded Age

How Trains Changed: Interstate Commerce Act, Edison's Cool Inventions, and Vanderbilt's Railways

Bailey Kurtz

@baileykurtz_rjye

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...

9/15/2023

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AP US History

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Railroad Expansion and Innovation

Quote: "By 1900, there were 192,556 miles of railroad tracks, compared to just 35,000 miles in 1865."

Highlight: Congress provided over 204 million acres of land to railroad companies as incentives for expansion.

Example: The Credit Mobilier construction company received 20 miles of land for every mile of track laid, plus federal loans.

Definition: The Bessemer Process, discovered by William Kelly in the 1850s, revolutionized steel production by using cold air blown on red-hot iron to eliminate impurities.

Sign up to see the content. It's free!

Access to all documents

Improve your grades

Join milions of students

By signing up you accept Terms of Service and Privacy Policy

Industrial Innovation and Leadership

The third chapter focuses on the technological advancements and industrial leaders who shaped the era. The period saw remarkable innovations in communication and manufacturing.

Highlight: Thomas Edison's inventions, particularly the light bulb and phonograph, transformed American society.

Example: Alexander Graham Bell's telephone invention revolutionized long-distance communication.

Definition: Social Darwinists were theorists who believed that individuals achieved their social status through natural competition and inherent abilities.

Quote: "The completion of the transcontinental railroad was one of America's most impressive undertakings, connecting the Union to the west and facilitating trade with Asia."

Sign up to see the content. It's free!

Access to all documents

Improve your grades

Join milions of students

By signing up you accept Terms of Service and Privacy Policy

Railroad Development and National Impact

The transformation of America's transportation infrastructure through railroad expansion and technological improvements marked this era.

Highlight: The introduction of steel rails and standardized track widths revolutionized railroad efficiency and safety.

Example: The Pullman Palace Cars represented luxury rail travel in the 1860s.

Definition: The Westinghouse air brake significantly improved both railroad safety and operational efficiency.

Vocabulary: Integrated national market - A unified economic system connected by transportation networks.

Sign up to see the content. It's free!

Access to all documents

Improve your grades

Join milions of students

By signing up you accept Terms of Service and Privacy Policy

Industrial Consolidation and Steel Dominance

This section details the rise of industrial monopolies and the dominance of the steel industry.

Example: Carnegie's vertical integration strategy controlled every aspect of steel production.

Highlight: Rockefeller's Standard Oil achieved near-total control of the global petroleum market through horizontal integration.

Definition: Interlocking directorates allowed business leaders to maintain control across multiple companies.

Quote: "Steel held together the new civilizations, from skyscrapers to coal scuttles."

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Access to all documents

Improve your grades

Join milions of students

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The Dawn of Industrial America

The first chapter introduces the fundamental concepts and key figures that shaped America's Industrial Era. The period from 1865 to 1900 saw unprecedented growth in infrastructure and industry, particularly in the railroad sector.

Definition: Vertical Integration refers to an organization controlling all phases of manufacturing from mining to marketing, while Horizontal Integration involves combining with competitors to dominate a market.

Highlight: The Interstate Commerce Act was a landmark legislation that established fair practices in the railroad industry and created the Interstate Commerce Commission.

Example: The Standard Oil Company, founded by John D. Rockefeller, exemplified successful monopolistic practices, controlling almost the entire world petroleum market.

Vocabulary: Interlocking Directorates - A business practice introduced by J.P. Morgan where executives serve on multiple companies' boards of directors.

Can't find what you're looking for? Explore other subjects.

Knowunity is the # 1 ranked education app in five European countries

Knowunity was a featured story by Apple and has consistently topped the app store charts within the education category in Germany, Italy, Poland, Switzerland and United Kingdom. Join Knowunity today and help millions of students around the world.

Download in

Google Play

Download in

App Store

4.9+

Average App Rating

20 M

Students use Knowunity

#1

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Students uploaded study notes

Still not sure? Look at what your fellow peers are saying...

iOS User

I love this app so much [...] I recommend Knowunity to everyone!!! I went from a C to an A with it :D

Stefan S, iOS User

The application is very simple and well designed. So far I have found what I was looking for :D

SuSSan, iOS User

How Trains Changed: Interstate Commerce Act, Edison's Cool Inventions, and Vanderbilt's Railways

Railroad Expansion and Innovation

Industrial Innovation and Leadership

Railroad Development and National Impact

Industrial Consolidation and Steel Dominance

Similar Content

Can't find what you're looking for? Explore other subjects.

Knowunity is the # 1 ranked education app in five European countries

Knowunity was a featured story by Apple and has consistently topped the app store charts within the education category in Germany, Italy, Poland, Switzerland and United Kingdom. Join Knowunity today and help millions of students around the world.

4.9+

20 M

#1

950 K+

Still not sure? Look at what your fellow peers are saying...

I love this app so much [...] I recommend Knowunity to everyone!!! I went from a C to an A with it :D

The application is very simple and well designed. So far I have found what I was looking for :D

Love this App ❤️, I use it basically all the time whenever I'm studying

How Trains Changed: Interstate Commerce Act, Edison's Cool Inventions, and Vanderbilt's Railways

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Railroad Expansion and Innovation

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Industrial Innovation and Leadership

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Railroad Development and National Impact

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Industrial Consolidation and Steel Dominance

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The Dawn of Industrial America

Similar Content

Can't find what you're looking for? Explore other subjects.

Knowunity is the # 1 ranked education app in five European countries

Knowunity was a featured story by Apple and has consistently topped the app store charts within the education category in Germany, Italy, Poland, Switzerland and United Kingdom. Join Knowunity today and help millions of students around the world.

4.9+

20 M

#1

950 K+

Still not sure? Look at what your fellow peers are saying...

I love this app so much [...] I recommend Knowunity to everyone!!! I went from a C to an A with it :D

The application is very simple and well designed. So far I have found what I was looking for :D

Love this App ❤️, I use it basically all the time whenever I'm studying