Živčni sistem je kot internet tvojega telesa - omogoča komunikacijo... Show more
Biologija
Matematika
Angleščina
FilozofijaSign up to see the contentIt's free!
Access to all documents
Improve your grades
Join milions of students
42
•
Updated May 2, 2026
•
Živčni sistem - Kako deluje?
1 / 6
Pregled živčnega sistema
Predstavljaj si živčni sistem kot super napreden komunikacijski center, ki deluje 24/7. Nevron je osnovna enota - to je tista celica, ki prenaša sporočila po telesu kot električni signali.
Vsak nevron ima telo celice (kjer je jedro), dendrite (ki sprejemajo signale od drugih nevronov) in akson (dolg kabel, ki pošlje signal naprej). Okoli aksona je mielinska ovojnica - to je kot izolacija na električnem kablu, ki pohitri prenos.
Glia celice so kot vzdrževalci - skrbijo za nevrone, jih hranijo in čistijo za njimi. Sinapsa pa je mesto, kjer se nevron "pogovarja" z drugim nevronom preko kemičnih sporočil - nevrotransmiterjev.
💡 Zanimivo: V možganih imaš več nevronov kot zvezd v naši galaksiji!
Mirovni potencial in začetek impulza
Ko nevron ni aktiven, je kot baterija z mirovnim potencialom -70 mV. To pomeni, da je znotraj negativno naelektren glede na zunanjost. Za to skrbi natrij-kalijeva črpalka, ki kot neutrudna črpalka vedno črpa 3 Na⁺ ione ven in 2 K⁺ iona noter.
Mielinska ovojnica ni kontinuirana - ima Ranvierove zažetke (vrzeli), kjer impulz "preskakuje" kot žaba med listi. To je saltatorni prenos - veliko hitrejši od kontinuiranega.
Membrana je v mirovanju bolj prepustna za K⁺, ki uhajajo ven in ohranjajo negativen naboj znotraj celice. Ta sistem je kot pripravljenost - čaka na pravi signal za akcijo.
💡 Pomni: Mirovni potencial = -70 mV = nevron pripravljen na akcijo!
Akcijski potencial - živčni impulz
Ko dražljaj doseže prag vzdražnosti , se zgodi prava predstava! Akcijski potencial deluje po principu "vse-ali-nič" - ali se sproži popolnoma (vedno enako močno) ali pa se sploh ne.
Depolarizacija: Na⁺ kanalčki se odprejo kot povodje, natrij vdira noter in napetost skoči na +30 mV. Repolarizacija: Na⁺ kanalčki se zaprejo, K⁺ kanalčki se odprejo in kalij beži ven, vračajoč negativen naboj. Hiperpolarizacija: K⁺ kanalčki se zapirajo počasi, zato za hip pade napetost pod -70 mV.
Moč dražljaja se ne kaže v velikosti impulza (vedno je enak), ampak v frekvenci - močnejši dražljaj = več impulzov na sekundo.
💡 Za test: Depolarizacija = Na⁺ noter, repolarizacija = K⁺ ven!
Sinaptični prenos in delitev sistema
Ko akcijski potencial doseže konec aksona, se sproži kemična reakcja. Ca²⁺ ioni vdrejo noter in sprožijo sproščanje nevrotransmiterjev (kot so acetilholin, dopamin) v sinaptično špranjo. Ti se povežejo z receptorji na naslednji celici in jo bodisi vzbudijo ali zavrejo.
Centralni živčni sistem (CŽS) = možgani + hrbtenjača = "glavni računalnik". Periferni živčni sistem (PŽS) = vsi ostali živci = "kabli in povezave".
Avtonomni sistem dela samodejno: simpatik te pripravi na akcijo ("boj ali beg"), parasimpatik te umiri ("počitek in prebava"). Delujeta nasprotno - kot plin in zavora v avtu.
Refleksni lok omogoča hitre odzive brez možganov - signal gre do hrbtenjače in nazaj k mišici. Zato tako hitro odtrgnеš roko od vroče plošče!
💡 Ključno: Simpatik = akcija, parasimpatik = umiritev. Zapomnisi: "Simpati'K' = 'K'onflikt"!
Hitri pregled za test
Mielinska ovojnica je ključna za hitrost - pri multipli sklerozi se uničuje, zato so gibi počasni. Droge in strupi pogosto delujejo na sinapse - bodisi posnemajo nevrotransmiterje ali blokirajo receptorje.
Zapomni si osnovne številke: mirovni potencial -70 mV, prag -55 mV, vrh akcijskega potenciala +30 mV. Na⁺/K⁺ črpalka deluje v razmerju 3:2.
Za ponavljanje: nevron ima telo-dendrite-akson, impulz deluje "vse-ali-nič", sinapse uporabljajo nevrotransmiterje, CŽS nadzoruje, PŽS povezuje, avtonomni sistem dela samodejno.
Če razumeš, kako se ioni gibljejo preko membrane , imaš že polovico snovi obvladane!
💡 Pro tip: Narišի si graf akcijskega potenciala - vizualno pomnjenje je najmočnejše!
We thought you’d never ask...
What is the Knowunity AI companion?
Our AI companion is specifically built for the needs of students. Based on the millions of content pieces we have on the platform we can provide truly meaningful and relevant answers to students. But its not only about answers, the companion is even more about guiding students through their daily learning challenges, with personalised study plans, quizzes or content pieces in the chat and 100% personalisation based on the students skills and developments.
Where can I download the Knowunity app?
You can download the app in the Google Play Store and in the Apple App Store.
Is Knowunity really free of charge?
That's right! Enjoy free access to study content, connect with fellow students, and get instant help – all at your fingertips.
Most popular content in Biologija
Most popular content
Can't find what you're looking for? Explore other subjects.
Students love us — and so will you.
4.6/5
App Store
4.7/5
Google Play
The app is very easy to use and well designed. I have found everything I was looking for so far and have been able to learn a lot from the presentations! I will definitely use the app for a class assignment! And of course it also helps a lot as an inspiration.
Stefan S
iOS user
This app is really great. There are so many study notes and help [...]. My problem subject is French, for example, and the app has so many options for help. Thanks to this app, I have improved my French. I would recommend it to anyone.
Samantha Klich
Android user
Wow, I am really amazed. I just tried the app because I've seen it advertised many times and was absolutely stunned. This app is THE HELP you want for school and above all, it offers so many things, such as workouts and fact sheets, which have been VERY helpful to me personally.
Anna
iOS user
I think it’s very much worth it and you’ll end up using it a lot once you get the hang of it and even after looking at others notes you can still ask your Artificial intelligence buddy the question and ask to simplify it if you still don’t get it!!! In the end I think it’s worth it 😊👍 ⚠️Also DID I MENTION ITS FREEE YOU DON’T HAVE TO PAY FOR ANYTHING AND STILL GET YOUR GRADES IN PERFECTLY❗️❗️⚠️
Thomas R
iOS user
Knowunity is the BEST app I’ve used in a minute. This is not an ai review or anything this is genuinely coming from a 7th grade student (I know 2011 im young) but dude this app is a 10/10 i have maintained a 3.8 gpa and have plenty of time for gaming. I love it and my mom is just happy I got good grades
Brad T
Android user
Not only did it help me find the answer but it also showed me alternative ways to solve it. I was horrible in math and science but now I have an a in both subjects. Thanks for the help🤍🤍
David K
iOS user
The app's just great! All I have to do is enter the topic in the search bar and I get the response real fast. I don't have to watch 10 YouTube videos to understand something, so I'm saving my time. Highly recommended!
Sudenaz Ocak
Android user
In school I was really bad at maths but thanks to the app, I am doing better now. I am so grateful that you made the app.
Greenlight Bonnie
Android user
I found this app a couple years ago and it has only gotten better since then. I really love it because it can help with written questions and photo questions. Also, it can find study guides that other people have made as well as flashcard sets and practice tests. The free version is also amazing for students who might not be able to afford it. Would 100% recommend
Aubrey
iOS user
Best app if you're in Highschool or Junior high. I have been using this app for 2 school years and it's the best, it's good if you don't have anyone to help you with school work.😋🩷🎀
Marco B
iOS user
THE QUIZES AND FLASHCARDS ARE SO USEFUL AND I LOVE Knowunity AI. IT ALSO IS LITREALLY LIKE CHATGPT BUT SMARTER!! HELPED ME WITH MY MASCARA PROBLEMS TOO!! AS WELL AS MY REAL SUBJECTS ! DUHHH 😍😁😲🤑💗✨🎀😮
Elisha
iOS user
This app is phenomenal down to the correct info and the various topics you can study! I greatly recommend it for people who struggle with procrastination and those who need homework help. It has been perfectly accurate for world 1 history as far as I’ve seen! Geometry too!
Paul T
iOS user
The app is very easy to use and well designed. I have found everything I was looking for so far and have been able to learn a lot from the presentations! I will definitely use the app for a class assignment! And of course it also helps a lot as an inspiration.
Stefan S
iOS user
This app is really great. There are so many study notes and help [...]. My problem subject is French, for example, and the app has so many options for help. Thanks to this app, I have improved my French. I would recommend it to anyone.
Samantha Klich
Android user
Wow, I am really amazed. I just tried the app because I've seen it advertised many times and was absolutely stunned. This app is THE HELP you want for school and above all, it offers so many things, such as workouts and fact sheets, which have been VERY helpful to me personally.
Anna
iOS user
I think it’s very much worth it and you’ll end up using it a lot once you get the hang of it and even after looking at others notes you can still ask your Artificial intelligence buddy the question and ask to simplify it if you still don’t get it!!! In the end I think it’s worth it 😊👍 ⚠️Also DID I MENTION ITS FREEE YOU DON’T HAVE TO PAY FOR ANYTHING AND STILL GET YOUR GRADES IN PERFECTLY❗️❗️⚠️
Thomas R
iOS user
Knowunity is the BEST app I’ve used in a minute. This is not an ai review or anything this is genuinely coming from a 7th grade student (I know 2011 im young) but dude this app is a 10/10 i have maintained a 3.8 gpa and have plenty of time for gaming. I love it and my mom is just happy I got good grades
Brad T
Android user
Not only did it help me find the answer but it also showed me alternative ways to solve it. I was horrible in math and science but now I have an a in both subjects. Thanks for the help🤍🤍
David K
iOS user
The app's just great! All I have to do is enter the topic in the search bar and I get the response real fast. I don't have to watch 10 YouTube videos to understand something, so I'm saving my time. Highly recommended!
Sudenaz Ocak
Android user
In school I was really bad at maths but thanks to the app, I am doing better now. I am so grateful that you made the app.
Greenlight Bonnie
Android user
I found this app a couple years ago and it has only gotten better since then. I really love it because it can help with written questions and photo questions. Also, it can find study guides that other people have made as well as flashcard sets and practice tests. The free version is also amazing for students who might not be able to afford it. Would 100% recommend
Aubrey
iOS user
Best app if you're in Highschool or Junior high. I have been using this app for 2 school years and it's the best, it's good if you don't have anyone to help you with school work.😋🩷🎀
Marco B
iOS user
THE QUIZES AND FLASHCARDS ARE SO USEFUL AND I LOVE Knowunity AI. IT ALSO IS LITREALLY LIKE CHATGPT BUT SMARTER!! HELPED ME WITH MY MASCARA PROBLEMS TOO!! AS WELL AS MY REAL SUBJECTS ! DUHHH 😍😁😲🤑💗✨🎀😮
Elisha
iOS user
This app is phenomenal down to the correct info and the various topics you can study! I greatly recommend it for people who struggle with procrastination and those who need homework help. It has been perfectly accurate for world 1 history as far as I’ve seen! Geometry too!
Paul T
iOS user
Živčni sistem - Kako deluje?
Živčni sistem je kot internet tvojega telesa - omogoča komunikacijo med vsemi deli in nadzoruje vse, kar se dogaja v tebi. Skupaj s hormoni skrbi, da vse deluje kot po maslu, od zaznavanje okolice do gibanja mišic.
Pregled živčnega sistema
Predstavljaj si živčni sistem kot super napreden komunikacijski center, ki deluje 24/7. Nevron je osnovna enota - to je tista celica, ki prenaša sporočila po telesu kot električni signali.
Vsak nevron ima telo celice (kjer je jedro), dendrite (ki sprejemajo signale od drugih nevronov) in akson (dolg kabel, ki pošlje signal naprej). Okoli aksona je mielinska ovojnica - to je kot izolacija na električnem kablu, ki pohitri prenos.
Glia celice so kot vzdrževalci - skrbijo za nevrone, jih hranijo in čistijo za njimi. Sinapsa pa je mesto, kjer se nevron "pogovarja" z drugim nevronom preko kemičnih sporočil - nevrotransmiterjev.
💡 Zanimivo: V možganih imaš več nevronov kot zvezd v naši galaksiji!
Sign up to see the contentIt's free!
Access to all documents
Improve your grades
Join milions of students
Mirovni potencial in začetek impulza
Ko nevron ni aktiven, je kot baterija z mirovnim potencialom -70 mV. To pomeni, da je znotraj negativno naelektren glede na zunanjost. Za to skrbi natrij-kalijeva črpalka, ki kot neutrudna črpalka vedno črpa 3 Na⁺ ione ven in 2 K⁺ iona noter.
Mielinska ovojnica ni kontinuirana - ima Ranvierove zažetke (vrzeli), kjer impulz "preskakuje" kot žaba med listi. To je saltatorni prenos - veliko hitrejši od kontinuiranega.
Membrana je v mirovanju bolj prepustna za K⁺, ki uhajajo ven in ohranjajo negativen naboj znotraj celice. Ta sistem je kot pripravljenost - čaka na pravi signal za akcijo.
💡 Pomni: Mirovni potencial = -70 mV = nevron pripravljen na akcijo!
Sign up to see the contentIt's free!
Access to all documents
Improve your grades
Join milions of students
Akcijski potencial - živčni impulz
Ko dražljaj doseže prag vzdražnosti , se zgodi prava predstava! Akcijski potencial deluje po principu "vse-ali-nič" - ali se sproži popolnoma (vedno enako močno) ali pa se sploh ne.
Depolarizacija: Na⁺ kanalčki se odprejo kot povodje, natrij vdira noter in napetost skoči na +30 mV. Repolarizacija: Na⁺ kanalčki se zaprejo, K⁺ kanalčki se odprejo in kalij beži ven, vračajoč negativen naboj. Hiperpolarizacija: K⁺ kanalčki se zapirajo počasi, zato za hip pade napetost pod -70 mV.
Moč dražljaja se ne kaže v velikosti impulza (vedno je enak), ampak v frekvenci - močnejši dražljaj = več impulzov na sekundo.
💡 Za test: Depolarizacija = Na⁺ noter, repolarizacija = K⁺ ven!
Sign up to see the contentIt's free!
Access to all documents
Improve your grades
Join milions of students
Sinaptični prenos in delitev sistema
Ko akcijski potencial doseže konec aksona, se sproži kemična reakcja. Ca²⁺ ioni vdrejo noter in sprožijo sproščanje nevrotransmiterjev (kot so acetilholin, dopamin) v sinaptično špranjo. Ti se povežejo z receptorji na naslednji celici in jo bodisi vzbudijo ali zavrejo.
Centralni živčni sistem (CŽS) = možgani + hrbtenjača = "glavni računalnik". Periferni živčni sistem (PŽS) = vsi ostali živci = "kabli in povezave".
Avtonomni sistem dela samodejno: simpatik te pripravi na akcijo ("boj ali beg"), parasimpatik te umiri ("počitek in prebava"). Delujeta nasprotno - kot plin in zavora v avtu.
Refleksni lok omogoča hitre odzive brez možganov - signal gre do hrbtenjače in nazaj k mišici. Zato tako hitro odtrgnеš roko od vroče plošče!
💡 Ključno: Simpatik = akcija, parasimpatik = umiritev. Zapomnisi: "Simpati'K' = 'K'onflikt"!
Sign up to see the contentIt's free!
Access to all documents
Improve your grades
Join milions of students
Hitri pregled za test
Mielinska ovojnica je ključna za hitrost - pri multipli sklerozi se uničuje, zato so gibi počasni. Droge in strupi pogosto delujejo na sinapse - bodisi posnemajo nevrotransmiterje ali blokirajo receptorje.
Zapomni si osnovne številke: mirovni potencial -70 mV, prag -55 mV, vrh akcijskega potenciala +30 mV. Na⁺/K⁺ črpalka deluje v razmerju 3:2.
Za ponavljanje: nevron ima telo-dendrite-akson, impulz deluje "vse-ali-nič", sinapse uporabljajo nevrotransmiterje, CŽS nadzoruje, PŽS povezuje, avtonomni sistem dela samodejno.
Če razumeš, kako se ioni gibljejo preko membrane , imaš že polovico snovi obvladane!
💡 Pro tip: Narišի si graf akcijskega potenciala - vizualno pomnjenje je najmočnejše!
Sign up to see the contentIt's free!
Access to all documents
Improve your grades
Join milions of students
We thought you’d never ask...
What is the Knowunity AI companion?
Our AI companion is specifically built for the needs of students. Based on the millions of content pieces we have on the platform we can provide truly meaningful and relevant answers to students. But its not only about answers, the companion is even more about guiding students through their daily learning challenges, with personalised study plans, quizzes or content pieces in the chat and 100% personalisation based on the students skills and developments.
Where can I download the Knowunity app?
You can download the app in the Google Play Store and in the Apple App Store.
Is Knowunity really free of charge?
That's right! Enjoy free access to study content, connect with fellow students, and get instant help – all at your fingertips.
1
Smart Tools NEW
Transform this note into: ✓ 50+ Practice Questions ✓ Interactive Flashcards ✓ Full Practice Test ✓ Essay Outlines
Practice Test
Quiz
Flashcards
Essay
Most popular content in Biologija
Most popular content
Can't find what you're looking for? Explore other subjects.
Students love us — and so will you.
4.6/5
App Store
4.7/5
Google Play
The app is very easy to use and well designed. I have found everything I was looking for so far and have been able to learn a lot from the presentations! I will definitely use the app for a class assignment! And of course it also helps a lot as an inspiration.
Stefan S
iOS user
This app is really great. There are so many study notes and help [...]. My problem subject is French, for example, and the app has so many options for help. Thanks to this app, I have improved my French. I would recommend it to anyone.
Samantha Klich
Android user
Wow, I am really amazed. I just tried the app because I've seen it advertised many times and was absolutely stunned. This app is THE HELP you want for school and above all, it offers so many things, such as workouts and fact sheets, which have been VERY helpful to me personally.
Anna
iOS user
I think it’s very much worth it and you’ll end up using it a lot once you get the hang of it and even after looking at others notes you can still ask your Artificial intelligence buddy the question and ask to simplify it if you still don’t get it!!! In the end I think it’s worth it 😊👍 ⚠️Also DID I MENTION ITS FREEE YOU DON’T HAVE TO PAY FOR ANYTHING AND STILL GET YOUR GRADES IN PERFECTLY❗️❗️⚠️
Thomas R
iOS user
Knowunity is the BEST app I’ve used in a minute. This is not an ai review or anything this is genuinely coming from a 7th grade student (I know 2011 im young) but dude this app is a 10/10 i have maintained a 3.8 gpa and have plenty of time for gaming. I love it and my mom is just happy I got good grades
Brad T
Android user
Not only did it help me find the answer but it also showed me alternative ways to solve it. I was horrible in math and science but now I have an a in both subjects. Thanks for the help🤍🤍
David K
iOS user
The app's just great! All I have to do is enter the topic in the search bar and I get the response real fast. I don't have to watch 10 YouTube videos to understand something, so I'm saving my time. Highly recommended!
Sudenaz Ocak
Android user
In school I was really bad at maths but thanks to the app, I am doing better now. I am so grateful that you made the app.
Greenlight Bonnie
Android user
I found this app a couple years ago and it has only gotten better since then. I really love it because it can help with written questions and photo questions. Also, it can find study guides that other people have made as well as flashcard sets and practice tests. The free version is also amazing for students who might not be able to afford it. Would 100% recommend
Aubrey
iOS user
Best app if you're in Highschool or Junior high. I have been using this app for 2 school years and it's the best, it's good if you don't have anyone to help you with school work.😋🩷🎀
Marco B
iOS user
THE QUIZES AND FLASHCARDS ARE SO USEFUL AND I LOVE Knowunity AI. IT ALSO IS LITREALLY LIKE CHATGPT BUT SMARTER!! HELPED ME WITH MY MASCARA PROBLEMS TOO!! AS WELL AS MY REAL SUBJECTS ! DUHHH 😍😁😲🤑💗✨🎀😮
Elisha
iOS user
This app is phenomenal down to the correct info and the various topics you can study! I greatly recommend it for people who struggle with procrastination and those who need homework help. It has been perfectly accurate for world 1 history as far as I’ve seen! Geometry too!
Paul T
iOS user
The app is very easy to use and well designed. I have found everything I was looking for so far and have been able to learn a lot from the presentations! I will definitely use the app for a class assignment! And of course it also helps a lot as an inspiration.
Stefan S
iOS user
This app is really great. There are so many study notes and help [...]. My problem subject is French, for example, and the app has so many options for help. Thanks to this app, I have improved my French. I would recommend it to anyone.
Samantha Klich
Android user
Wow, I am really amazed. I just tried the app because I've seen it advertised many times and was absolutely stunned. This app is THE HELP you want for school and above all, it offers so many things, such as workouts and fact sheets, which have been VERY helpful to me personally.
Anna
iOS user
I think it’s very much worth it and you’ll end up using it a lot once you get the hang of it and even after looking at others notes you can still ask your Artificial intelligence buddy the question and ask to simplify it if you still don’t get it!!! In the end I think it’s worth it 😊👍 ⚠️Also DID I MENTION ITS FREEE YOU DON’T HAVE TO PAY FOR ANYTHING AND STILL GET YOUR GRADES IN PERFECTLY❗️❗️⚠️
Thomas R
iOS user
Knowunity is the BEST app I’ve used in a minute. This is not an ai review or anything this is genuinely coming from a 7th grade student (I know 2011 im young) but dude this app is a 10/10 i have maintained a 3.8 gpa and have plenty of time for gaming. I love it and my mom is just happy I got good grades
Brad T
Android user
Not only did it help me find the answer but it also showed me alternative ways to solve it. I was horrible in math and science but now I have an a in both subjects. Thanks for the help🤍🤍
David K
iOS user
The app's just great! All I have to do is enter the topic in the search bar and I get the response real fast. I don't have to watch 10 YouTube videos to understand something, so I'm saving my time. Highly recommended!
Sudenaz Ocak
Android user
In school I was really bad at maths but thanks to the app, I am doing better now. I am so grateful that you made the app.
Greenlight Bonnie
Android user
I found this app a couple years ago and it has only gotten better since then. I really love it because it can help with written questions and photo questions. Also, it can find study guides that other people have made as well as flashcard sets and practice tests. The free version is also amazing for students who might not be able to afford it. Would 100% recommend
Aubrey
iOS user
Best app if you're in Highschool or Junior high. I have been using this app for 2 school years and it's the best, it's good if you don't have anyone to help you with school work.😋🩷🎀
Marco B
iOS user
THE QUIZES AND FLASHCARDS ARE SO USEFUL AND I LOVE Knowunity AI. IT ALSO IS LITREALLY LIKE CHATGPT BUT SMARTER!! HELPED ME WITH MY MASCARA PROBLEMS TOO!! AS WELL AS MY REAL SUBJECTS ! DUHHH 😍😁😲🤑💗✨🎀😮
Elisha
iOS user
This app is phenomenal down to the correct info and the various topics you can study! I greatly recommend it for people who struggle with procrastination and those who need homework help. It has been perfectly accurate for world 1 history as far as I’ve seen! Geometry too!
Paul T
iOS user