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Feb 4, 2026

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2 pages

Anatomy of the Appendicular Skeleton: Key Insights

Mai

@maimeimi

The appendicular skeleton includes your shoulders, arms, hips, and legs—all... Show more

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APPENDICULAR SKELETON

"longitudinal axis of body
-pectorul girale (shoulder): Connects upper limbs to trunk of buly
-pelvic girdle: S

Upper Body: Shoulder Girdle and Arms

Your shoulder girdle connects your arms to your trunk and consists of two main bones: the clavicle (collar bone) and scapula (shoulder blade). These lightweight bones prioritize mobility over strength.

The clavicle braces your shoulders, keeping your arms positioned away from your chest. It provides attachment sites for muscles and helps distribute force when you fall on your outstretched hands. Unfortunately, this makes it prone to fractures!

Your upper limbs contain 30 separate bones working together. The humerus (upper arm) connects to your forearm bones (ulna and radius), followed by your carpals (wrist bones), metacarpals (palm), and phalanges (fingers). Your thumb, or pollex, has special mobility that sets humans apart.

Fun fact: The scapula has a distinctive triangular shape with a ridge called the "spine" on its back surface. The point where your shoulder meets your clavicle is called the acromion process—feel this bony bump on top of your shoulder!

Lower Body: Pelvic Girdle and Legs

Your pelvic girdle forms a strong, stable base for your lower body. It consists of three fused bones: the ilium (upper), ischium (middle), and pubis (lower). Together they create the acetabulum—a deep socket where your thigh bone connects.

Unlike your shoulders, which prioritize mobility, your hips emphasize strength and stability. They transfer weight from your upper body to your legs and protect internal organs with some of the strongest ligaments in your body.

The femur (thigh bone) is your longest and strongest bone, connecting to your lower leg through the knee joint, protected by the patella (kneecap). Your lower leg contains two bones: the weight-bearing tibia (shinbone) aligned with your big toe, and the thinner fibula for balance and stability.

Remember this: Your foot contains 26 bones, including 7 tarsals (ankle bones), 5 metatarsals (midfoot), and 14 phalanges (toes). The calcaneus (heel bone) is your largest foot bone and absorbs shock when walking or running.

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268

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Feb 4, 2026

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2 pages

Anatomy of the Appendicular Skeleton: Key Insights

Mai

@maimeimi

The appendicular skeleton includes your shoulders, arms, hips, and legs—all the bones that connect to your body's central axis. These bones allow you to move, protect vital organs, and support your body weight in different positions and activities.

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Upper Body: Shoulder Girdle and Arms

Fun fact: The scapula has a distinctive triangular shape with a ridge called the "spine" on its back surface. The point where your shoulder meets your clavicle is called the acromion process—feel this bony bump on top of your shoulder!

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Access to all documents

Improve your grades

Join milions of students

Lower Body: Pelvic Girdle and Legs

Remember this: Your foot contains 26 bones, including 7 tarsals (ankle bones), 5 metatarsals (midfoot), and 14 phalanges (toes). The calcaneus (heel bone) is your largest foot bone and absorbs shock when walking or running.