Types of RNA and Their Functions
This section delves into the three main types of RNA involved in protein synthesis: messenger RNA mRNA, transfer RNA tRNA, and ribosomal RNA rRNA. Each plays a crucial role in translating genetic information into functional proteins.
Messenger RNA mRNA
mRNA carries genetic information from DNA to ribosomes, where it directs protein synthesis.
Definition: Codon - A three-base sequence found on mRNA that codes for a single amino acid.
Transfer RNA tRNA
tRNA molecules are recruited to ribosomes to help create specific polypeptide sequences as directed by mRNA.
Vocabulary: Anti-codon - A three-base sequence on tRNA that complements and pairs with mRNA codons.
Highlight: Correct base pairing of tRNA anti-codons with mRNA codons results in the release and addition of an amino acid to a growing polypeptide.
Ribosomal RNA rRNA
rRNA forms the functional units of ribosomes responsible for protein assembly.
Example: In the ribosome, if an mRNA codon reads "AUG", the corresponding tRNA anti-codon would be "UAC", bringing the amino acid methionine to start the polypeptide chain.
This page provides essential information for understanding the rrna ap bio definition and how mRNA, tRNA, and rRNA all interact during protein synthesis. It's crucial for students preparing for the AP Biology transcription and translation practice test.